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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We read with great interest the well-presented clinical note from Ucvet et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> describing 2 interesting cases of women with thoracic endometriosis&#46; One of them had intermittent hemoptysis associated with her menstrual cycle&#44; and the other had recurrent pneumothorax&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We would like to highlight the role of imaging techniques&#44; particularly magnetic resonance imaging &#40;MRI&#41;&#44; as an important tool in the evaluation of patients with thoracic endometriosis&#46; The length of time required for performing an MRI and the lack of follow-up devices compatible with MRI initially led to generally poor acceptance of this technique&#46; In recent years&#44; significant technical advances have been made in lung MRI&#44; including parallel imaging and view sharing&#44; time-resolved echo-shared angiography&#44; and steady-state free precession sequences&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> These techniques have reduced MRI capture time&#44; have made it less sensitive to movement artifacts&#44; and have improved spatial resolution&#46; MRI does not require ionizing radiation or iodinated contrast&#44; and is associated with less renal function deterioration than computed tomography&#46; As a result of these improvements&#44; MRI has become a useful tool in the evaluation of thoracic endometriosis&#44; particularly pleural endometriosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pleural endometriosis can present in the form of pneumothorax&#44; hemothorax and pleural nodes&#46; Chest X-ray and computed tomography can reveal hydrothorax and&#47;or pneumothorax&#44; but are of little help in detecting associated pleural endometriosis nodules&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;5</span></a> Studies have shown that MRI plays an important role in the evaluation of these patients&#46; It not only identifies hydropneumothorax&#44; but is also very accurate for detecting endometriosis nodules&#44; given its greater ability to characterize hemorrhagic tissues&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;5</span></a> Endometrial foci are commonly seen in the form of hyperintense nodules on the pleural surface&#44; but a different signal intensity can be observed in T1 and T2-weighted images&#44; with variable diffusion restriction&#44; depending on the age of the lesion&#46; Pleural effusion may also show signal hyperintensity in T1-weighted sequences&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A combination of surgery and hormone therapy appears to be the best therapeutic option&#46; Various thoracic surgery techniques&#44; such as diaphragmatic repair&#44; pleurodesis&#44; and resection or electrocoagulation of the endometrial deposits&#44; have been used&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> MRI-assisted identification and resection of endometrial deposits help to reduce recurrence rates&#46; Thus&#44; MRI may become an important tool for assisting the surgeon in cases of catamenial pneumothorax&#44; by providing better evaluation of pleural endometriosis than computed tomography or chest X-ray&#46;</p></span>"
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Letter to the Editor
Thoracic Endometriosis: The Role of Imaging
Endometriosis torácica: papel de las técnicas de imagen
Edson Marchiori
Corresponding author
edmarchiori@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Bruno Hochhegger, Gláucia Zanetti
Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We read with great interest the well-presented clinical note from Ucvet et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> describing 2 interesting cases of women with thoracic endometriosis&#46; One of them had intermittent hemoptysis associated with her menstrual cycle&#44; and the other had recurrent pneumothorax&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We would like to highlight the role of imaging techniques&#44; particularly magnetic resonance imaging &#40;MRI&#41;&#44; as an important tool in the evaluation of patients with thoracic endometriosis&#46; The length of time required for performing an MRI and the lack of follow-up devices compatible with MRI initially led to generally poor acceptance of this technique&#46; In recent years&#44; significant technical advances have been made in lung MRI&#44; including parallel imaging and view sharing&#44; time-resolved echo-shared angiography&#44; and steady-state free precession sequences&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> These techniques have reduced MRI capture time&#44; have made it less sensitive to movement artifacts&#44; and have improved spatial resolution&#46; MRI does not require ionizing radiation or iodinated contrast&#44; and is associated with less renal function deterioration than computed tomography&#46; As a result of these improvements&#44; MRI has become a useful tool in the evaluation of thoracic endometriosis&#44; particularly pleural endometriosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pleural endometriosis can present in the form of pneumothorax&#44; hemothorax and pleural nodes&#46; Chest X-ray and computed tomography can reveal hydrothorax and&#47;or pneumothorax&#44; but are of little help in detecting associated pleural endometriosis nodules&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;5</span></a> Studies have shown that MRI plays an important role in the evaluation of these patients&#46; It not only identifies hydropneumothorax&#44; but is also very accurate for detecting endometriosis nodules&#44; given its greater ability to characterize hemorrhagic tissues&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;5</span></a> Endometrial foci are commonly seen in the form of hyperintense nodules on the pleural surface&#44; but a different signal intensity can be observed in T1 and T2-weighted images&#44; with variable diffusion restriction&#44; depending on the age of the lesion&#46; Pleural effusion may also show signal hyperintensity in T1-weighted sequences&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A combination of surgery and hormone therapy appears to be the best therapeutic option&#46; Various thoracic surgery techniques&#44; such as diaphragmatic repair&#44; pleurodesis&#44; and resection or electrocoagulation of the endometrial deposits&#44; have been used&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> MRI-assisted identification and resection of endometrial deposits help to reduce recurrence rates&#46; Thus&#44; MRI may become an important tool for assisting the surgeon in cases of catamenial pneumothorax&#44; by providing better evaluation of pleural endometriosis than computed tomography or chest X-ray&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Marchiori E&#44; Hochhegger B&#44; Zanetti G&#46; Endometriosis tor&#225;cica&#58; papel de las t&#233;cnicas de imagen&#46; Arch Bronconeumol&#46; 2015&#59;51&#58;202&#46;</p>"
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Article information
ISSN: 15792129
Original language: English
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