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Letter to the Editor
Vascular Manifestations of Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report
Manifestaciones vasculares del adenocarcinoma pulmonar: a propósito de un caso
Gonzalo Segrelles Calvoa,
Corresponding author
gsegrelles@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Silvia García Péreza, Irene Cabrerab
a Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
b Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Occasionally&#44; some neoplasia are associated with a hypercoagulable state &#40;HCS&#41; that increases the likelihood of thrombi formation &#40;Trousseau sign&#41; in the venous territory<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#59; arterial involvement is uncommon&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We present the case of a 58-year-old man who was seen in the emergency department of our hospital for symptoms of pleuritic pain in the right hemithorax&#44; low-grade fever and hemoptoic expectoration&#46; He was diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism &#40;PE&#41; in the right basal pyramid and a left parahilar mass infiltrating the left main pulmonary artery and tracheal carina&#59; he also had bilateral mediastinal lymphadenopathies &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Bronchoscopy revealed an infiltrated carina&#44; from which an underlying lesion protruded&#59; a biopsy was taken&#44; which was positive for lung adenocarcinoma&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We requested Doppler ultrasound of the lower limbs&#44; which confirmed deep vein thrombosis &#40;DVT&#41; in the right deep femoral&#47;popliteal territory&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Forty-eight hours after admission to Respiratory Medicine&#44; in spite of anticoagulant doses of low molecular weight heparin &#40;LMWH&#41;&#44; the patient experienced an episode of intense pain&#44; with coldness and loss of pulse in the right foot&#46; He was assessed by the Vascular Surgery department and diagnosed with acute arterial ischemia &#40;AAI&#41;&#46; An emergency thrombectomy was performed &#40;histopathology of the thrombus was negative for malignancy&#41;&#44; and sodium heparin infusion was started&#46; The episode recurred at 5 and 14 days after admission&#46; Repeat thrombectomy was performed after the second episode&#44; but given the subsequent functional state of the right lower limb &#40;RLL&#41;&#44; pain that could not be controlled with opiate infusion&#44; and in view of possible complications due to the start of chemotherapy &#40;CT&#41; treatment&#44; we decided to amputate the RLL&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient subsequently began chemotherapy&#44; and has had no further episodes of arterial ischemia to date&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The association between AAI and neoplasia is not as well defined as in the case of those of venous origin&#46; Some neoplasia&#44; particularly those that originate in the pancreas&#44; lung and gastrointestinal tract&#44; produce an HCS or cause a deficiency of some coagulant substances &#40;proteins C and S&#44; anti-thrombin III&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> In this patient&#44; we found an HCS of malignancy with both venous &#40;PE&#47;DVT&#41; and arterial &#40;AAI right foot&#41; manifestations&#46; This HCS is usually resistant to LMWH treatment&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> and can be worsened by previous atherosclerosis and CT treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The primary treatment indication is surgery &#40;thrombectomy&#41;&#44; followed by anticoagulation with heparin&#44; but these are generally ineffective in a high percentage of patients&#46; Conservative treatment has a poor prognosis&#44; and a significant number of patients require amputation&#44; with survival rates of 50&#37; at 3 months and 17&#37; at 1 year after the first event&#46; In a study by Rigdon&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> all patients eventually required amputation&#44; despite surgical and anticoagulation treatment&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; HCSs of malignancy are uncommon&#44; especially vascular manifestations&#44; but in these cases it is important to rule out the existence of an occult neoplasm as part of the diagnostic algorithm&#46;</p></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 15792129
Original language: English
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