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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium interjectum &#40;M&#46; interjectum&#41;</span> is a rare&#44; nontuberculous mycobacterium&#44; known to cause lymphadenitis cervicalis in young patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> We report a case of pulmonary disease&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 52-year-old man&#44; active smoker&#44; presented with a 15-day history of fever&#44; general malaise and bloody expectoration&#46; Isolated crepitating rales were heard on lung auscultation&#46; Chest X-ray showed right upper lobe condensation and enlarged right hilum&#46; Treatment with levofloxacin was prescribed&#44; but improvement was limited&#44; so a chest computed tomography &#40;CT&#41; was performed&#44; revealing condensation with air bronchogram in the posterior segment of the right upper lobe &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#44; and enlarged right hilar&#44; retrocava-pretracheal and prevascular lymph nodes&#46; Bronchoscopy was performed&#58; gross results were normal&#44; and cytology and bacilloscopic results from bronchial aspirate were also normal&#46; CT-guided core biopsy of the lung was conducted&#44; and histologic analysis of the specimen showed granulomas with multinucleated giant cells and epithelioid cell histiocytes&#44; some of which had central necrosis&#46; Treatment began with isoniazid&#44; rifampicin&#44; pyrazinamide and ethambutol&#46; Mycobacteria were subsequently isolated from the culture of the bronchial aspirate&#59; these were identified as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; interjectum</span> using DNA technology based on inverse hybridization of PCR products targeting the 23S rRNA gene &#40;GenoType<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium</span> CM&#41;&#46; The patient&#39;s progress was satisfactory and&#44; 2 months later&#44; cultures were negative for mycobacteria&#46; Pyrazinamide and ethambutol were withdrawn&#44; while isoniazid and rifampicin administration continued for 1 year&#46; At that time&#44; the patient remained asymptomatic&#44; with fibrous scarring and infiltration in the right upper lobe on chest X-ray&#46; Currently&#44; 20 months later&#44; he is stable with no signs of disease reactivation&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Only three cases of lung involvement with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; interjectum</span> have been reported in the literature&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#8211;4</span></a> All three were cases of cavitary disease in which <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; interjectum</span> was later isolated&#46; The strains were resistant to isoniazid&#44; rifampicin&#44; pyrazinamide<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> and ethambutol&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a> although one patient<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> initially responded well to standard antituberculosis treatment&#46; Nevertheless&#44; 18 months later&#44; symptoms and radiological progression recurred&#44; and a nontuberculous mycobacteria with the same resistance profile as before was isolated&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In contrast to the above-mentioned cases&#44; our patient did not have cavitary disease&#44; and response to first-line antituberculosis drugs was good&#44; despite rifampicin and ethambutol resistance found on antimicrobial sensitivity testing&#46; In view of the good clinical progress after identification of the mycobacteria&#44; an antibiogram was felt to be unnecessary&#44; and this may be considered as a limitation of our report&#46; However&#44; discrepancies between <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vitro</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vivo</span> resistance data raise questions regarding the real significance of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vitro</span> resistance in certain situations&#46; This issue and the long follow-up period add to the value of the experience reported&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To conclude&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; interjectum</span> is a very unusual cause of lung disease&#46; Once diagnosed&#44; treatment with a standard antituberculosis regimen may be attempted&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflict of Interests</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Letter to the Editor
Mycobacterium interjectum Lung Infection: A Case Report
Enfermedad pulmonar por Mycobacterium interjectum: a propósito de un caso
Manuel Ángel Villanueva, José Antonio Gullón
Corresponding author
josegubl@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Fernando Álvarez-Navascués
Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neumología, Hospital San Agustín, Avilés, Asturias, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium interjectum &#40;M&#46; interjectum&#41;</span> is a rare&#44; nontuberculous mycobacterium&#44; known to cause lymphadenitis cervicalis in young patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> We report a case of pulmonary disease&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 52-year-old man&#44; active smoker&#44; presented with a 15-day history of fever&#44; general malaise and bloody expectoration&#46; Isolated crepitating rales were heard on lung auscultation&#46; Chest X-ray showed right upper lobe condensation and enlarged right hilum&#46; Treatment with levofloxacin was prescribed&#44; but improvement was limited&#44; so a chest computed tomography &#40;CT&#41; was performed&#44; revealing condensation with air bronchogram in the posterior segment of the right upper lobe &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#44; and enlarged right hilar&#44; retrocava-pretracheal and prevascular lymph nodes&#46; Bronchoscopy was performed&#58; gross results were normal&#44; and cytology and bacilloscopic results from bronchial aspirate were also normal&#46; CT-guided core biopsy of the lung was conducted&#44; and histologic analysis of the specimen showed granulomas with multinucleated giant cells and epithelioid cell histiocytes&#44; some of which had central necrosis&#46; Treatment began with isoniazid&#44; rifampicin&#44; pyrazinamide and ethambutol&#46; Mycobacteria were subsequently isolated from the culture of the bronchial aspirate&#59; these were identified as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; interjectum</span> using DNA technology based on inverse hybridization of PCR products targeting the 23S rRNA gene &#40;GenoType<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium</span> CM&#41;&#46; The patient&#39;s progress was satisfactory and&#44; 2 months later&#44; cultures were negative for mycobacteria&#46; Pyrazinamide and ethambutol were withdrawn&#44; while isoniazid and rifampicin administration continued for 1 year&#46; At that time&#44; the patient remained asymptomatic&#44; with fibrous scarring and infiltration in the right upper lobe on chest X-ray&#46; Currently&#44; 20 months later&#44; he is stable with no signs of disease reactivation&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Only three cases of lung involvement with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; interjectum</span> have been reported in the literature&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#8211;4</span></a> All three were cases of cavitary disease in which <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; interjectum</span> was later isolated&#46; The strains were resistant to isoniazid&#44; rifampicin&#44; pyrazinamide<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> and ethambutol&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a> although one patient<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> initially responded well to standard antituberculosis treatment&#46; Nevertheless&#44; 18 months later&#44; symptoms and radiological progression recurred&#44; and a nontuberculous mycobacteria with the same resistance profile as before was isolated&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In contrast to the above-mentioned cases&#44; our patient did not have cavitary disease&#44; and response to first-line antituberculosis drugs was good&#44; despite rifampicin and ethambutol resistance found on antimicrobial sensitivity testing&#46; In view of the good clinical progress after identification of the mycobacteria&#44; an antibiogram was felt to be unnecessary&#44; and this may be considered as a limitation of our report&#46; However&#44; discrepancies between <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vitro</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vivo</span> resistance data raise questions regarding the real significance of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vitro</span> resistance in certain situations&#46; This issue and the long follow-up period add to the value of the experience reported&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To conclude&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; interjectum</span> is a very unusual cause of lung disease&#46; Once diagnosed&#44; treatment with a standard antituberculosis regimen may be attempted&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflict of Interests</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 15792129
Original language: English
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