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"autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Viboon Boonsarngsuk, Wasana Kanoksil, Sarangrat Laungdamerongchai" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Viboon" "apellidos" => "Boonsarngsuk" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "bss-vb@hotmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Wasana" "apellidos" => "Kanoksil" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Sarangrat" "apellidos" => "Laungdamerongchai" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Diagnóstico de lesiones pulmonares periféricas con broncoscopia bajo guía de ecografía endobronquial radial" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fluoroscopy-guided fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) has been used since the 1970s and has become standard practice in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a> The sampling instruments, brush or biopsy forceps, are inserted into the appropriate bronchus, and their position above the target is confirmed before obtaining samples under fluoroscopic control. Unfortunately, this bronchoscopic approach has limitations for evaluating small PPLs, and has a very low diagnostic yield for PPLs <2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm, ranging between 1% and 42%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,4</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Radial endobronchial ultrasound (R-EBUS) was developed in the 1990s to improve the diagnostic yield in PPLs. This technique has since been widely accepted by interventional pulmonologists given its excellent diagnostic performance for small, particularly <20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm, PPLs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> The advantages of R-EBUS compared to fluoroscopy are the identification of anatomical sites and also the information it provides on the internal structure of the PPLs. Using R-EBUS, therefore, bronchoscopists can obtain a suitable sample of tissue from inside the lesion. In a meta-analysis of 16 studies published between 2002 and 2009, the combined diagnostic yield in peripheral lung cancers was 73%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Bronchoscopy-guided R-EBUS for the diagnosis of PPLs was first used in our center in June 2009. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the effectiveness of R-EBUS in the diagnosis of PPLs. The secondary objective was to define which bronchoscopic sampling technique gave the highest diagnostic yield in order to reduce the cost of samples obtained.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Material and Methods</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We conducted a retrospective review of 174 patients diagnosed with PPL and examined by R-EBUS-guided bronchoscopy between June 2009 and May 2013 in Ramathibodi Hospital, a university tertiary referral center in Bangkok (Thailand). This retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee for Experimentation in Humans of Ramathibodi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mahidol University. PPL was defined as a pulmonary lesion surrounded by lung parenchyma and not endoscopically visible by bronchoscopy. A computed tomography (CT) scan was performed in all cases, and a subsegmental bronchus corresponding to the PPL was chosen prior to the bronchoscopic procedure. The size of the lesion was recorded by its maximum diameter as seen in CT scan. Written informed consent was obtained of all patients before the bronchoscopic procedure.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">FB-bronchoscopy (BF-P180, Olympus, Tokyo: outer diameter, 4.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm; channel diameter, 2.0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm) was performed transnasally with local anesthesia. The whole bronchial tree was bronchoscopically examined to the level of the subsegmental bronchi. Next, an R-probe EBUS with guide sheath (GS) (UM-S20-17S, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) was inserted through the FB working channel and was advanced to the targeted subsegmental bronchus. EBUS and fluoroscopy images were examined to confirm that the probe and the GS had reached the targeted lesions. The R-EBUS probe was then moved within the lesion to examine the most suspicious areas, in order to obtain tissue specimens with fluoroscopic control.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Once the appropriate site was found, the probe was removed under fluoroscopy, leaving the GS in place. A biopsy forceps and a bronchial brush were introduced through the GS to obtain samples in the site marked by fluoroscopy. In general, five brushing and biopsy sampling attempts were performed.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Finally, the GS was removed and bronchoalveolar lavage was performed by instilling 50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of normal saline followed by aspiration. Instillation of 50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of normal saline was repeated to a total of 100–150<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml in order to collect at least 50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of fluid, which was considered adequate lavage.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The samples obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) were gathered in a microtube filled with 0.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of normal saline. After TBLB completion, 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of 10% formalin was added and the samples were centrifuged at 6000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>rpm for 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min. The pellet was processed as a cell block for pathologic evaluation. Bronchial brushing samples were smeared on a microscopy slide and fixed immediately in a flask containing 95% alcohol, followed by staining using the Papanicolaou method. Bronchial brushing was irrigated with 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of sterile normal saline to obtain new samples. In addition, 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml of sterile normal saline solution was used to irrigate the material left in the GS, washing it to the brushing fluid. This fluid was sent to the laboratory for centrifugation and staining using the Papanicolaou method. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was processed for cytology, Gram, acid-fast bacilli and modified Giemsa staining, and microbial culture.</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Statistical Analysis</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Continuous variables are expressed as mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>standard deviation (SD) and categorical variables are presented as percentages. To explore the association between the independent variables and the diagnostic yield, bilateral Student's <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test was used for continuous variables and discrete variables were analyzed with the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">χ</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> test. The diagnostic yield of each of the sampling techniques was compared with the Cochran <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Q</span> test. If statistical significance was found, McNemar test was used to compare the various techniques. All statistical tests were two-sided, and a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>-value <.05 was considered statistically significant. All data were analyzed using SPSS v16.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).</p></span></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Results</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 174 patients (89 men and 85 women) were retrospectively evaluated. The final diagnoses are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>. Mean (±SD) age was 61.3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13.9 years. Mean (±SD) diameter of PPL was 25.1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10.7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm. The overall diagnostic yield of EBUS-guided bronchoscopy was 79.9%. The baseline patient characteristics and factors related to the diagnostic yield of R-EBUS-guided FB are summarized in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>. Neither the size nor the etiology of PPL influenced the diagnostic yield of EBUS-guided FB.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> shows the diagnostic yield of several bronchoscopy sampling techniques. Of these, TBLB gave the highest diagnostic yield (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><.001, Cochran <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Q</span> test). Combined TBLB and brushing gave a higher yield than TBLB alone (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=.001). In addition, the combination of BALF with TBLB and brushing gave the maximum diagnostic yield (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=.008), while the brushing irrigation fluid did not improve the clinical results obtained with this combination (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=.5).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our study, none of the patients had major bleeding requiring intervention. In addition, no significant adverse effects such as pneumothorax or respiratory distress were observed over the study period.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Discussion</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The diagnostic yield of R-EBUS in PPLs varied widely, with values ranging from 46% to 84%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> When initially introduced, it was thought that combining R-EBUS with fluoroscopy would be unnecessary, given concerns about exposure to radiation. However, the diagnostic yield of R-EBUS alone was lower than that of R-EBUS with fluoroscopy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> This is due to the movement of PPLs during breathing, the shifting of the GS away from the examination target, and the extension or retraction of the GS after examination and serial sampling.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10,11</span></a> At present, the combination of R-EBUS with fluoroscopy is widely accepted as a standard procedure.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Kurimoto et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> introduced a GS specifically for R-EBUS in 2004. It has a probe on the tip of the GS that is visible by fluoroscopy, providing confirmation that the GS remains in position after withdrawal of the R-EBUS. The advantages of GS include repeated access to the lesion for sampling purposes, avoiding the collapse of the small bronchial branches after specimens are obtained, and the possibility of applying a wedge in the lesion to prevent bleeding from the biopsy site spreading to the proximal bronchus.</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The characteristics of PPLs also affect the diagnostic yield of R-EBUS-guided FB. Many studies have reported that lesion size significantly affects diagnostic yield of R-EBUS.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5,6,12–14</span></a> In our study, although the diagnostic yield for PPLs >20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm was greater than that from <20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm lesions, the difference was not statistically significant. One possible reason for this may be that a bronchus sign on CT can indicate the position of the probe in relation to the lesion. Lesion size was a significant factor in predicting PPL visibility by R-EBUS.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> Huang et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> found that visibility for PPLs <20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm was only 48.6%. Results from lesions that were not visible by R-EBUS were not diagnostic. In our retrospective study, the data were obtained in standard clinical practice, and this may cause unavoidable bias in the selection of the diagnostic approach for PPLs. If the bronchus leading to the PPL could not be identified on CT, other diagnostic approaches such as transthoracic aspiration were used. Only cases where bronchi leading to lesions could be identified, irrespective of their size, were selected for R-EBUS-guided FB, so visibility by R-EBUS was possible in most cases. Consequently, lesion size was not statistically significant in our series. The same was seen by Yamada et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> who suggested, after multivariate analysis, that only the position of the probe in relation to the lesion, and not its size, predicted diagnostic yield. Our diagnostic yield was 79.9%, comparable to that found in patients with positive R-EBUS images in other studies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8,10,13,14</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Another factor significantly influencing diagnostic yield was etiology.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5,12,14</span></a> Although the diagnostic yield from malignant lesions in this study was higher than that obtained from benign disease, differences were not statistically significant. This difference in results was probably due to the low prevalence of benign lesions and the small number of patients.</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The sampling technique is another cause for concern with regard to the diagnostic yield of FB. TBLB has been shown to be the most effective technique for obtaining diagnosis,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5,8</span></a> and at least 5 biopsy specimens are required.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Specimens obtained using GS biopsy forceps are larger than those obtained from standard biopsies. Thus, all the biopsy specimens obtained from each patient were gathered in the micropipette tube and cell blocks were prepared for histological examination of the tissue. The advantages of cell blocks compared to conventional pathology preparations have not been investigated and should be explored in the future.</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Combination with other techniques for obtaining diagnostic specimens and TBLB specimens may increase diagnostic yield. We found that adding BALF diagnostic results to the combination of TBLB and brushings can raise total diagnostic yield, and this combination produced the maximum diagnostic results. In contrast, brushing rinse fluid obtained from bronchial brushing and the GS prepared in a smear for additional cytological examination did not increase diagnostic yield. This latter technique can thus be ruled out, since the costs involved are disproportionate to utility.</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, we have shown that R-EBUS-guided FB is a useful technique in the diagnosis of PPLs. With regard to techniques for obtaining specimens, the combined use of TBLB, brushing and bronchoalveolar lavage should be used to obtain the maximum diagnostic yield.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Ethical Considerations</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This retrospective study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee for Experimentation in Humans of Ramathibodi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mahidol University.</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Funding</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None.</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Auhorship</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Viboon Boonsarngsuk designed and conducted the study, performed the R-EBUS-guided bronchoscopy, analyzed the data, prepared and revised the manuscript.</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Wasana Kanoksil processed and analyzed cytology and histology samples.</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sarangrat Laungdamerongchai conducted the study, and collaborated in the R-EBUS-guided bronchoscopies.</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:13 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres364413" "titulo" => array:5 [ 0 => "Abstract" 1 => "Introduction" 2 => "Methods" 3 => "Results" 4 => "Conclusion" ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec344017" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres364414" "titulo" => array:5 [ 0 => "Resumen" 1 => "Introducción" 2 => "Métodos" 3 => "Resultados" 4 => "Conclusión" ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec344018" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Material and Methods" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Statistical Analysis" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Ethical Considerations" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Auhorship" ] 11 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Conflicts of Interest" ] 12 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2014-01-24" "fechaAceptado" => "2014-02-21" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec344017" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Flexible bronchoscopy" 1 => "Peripheral pulmonary lesions" 2 => "Endobronchial ultrasound" 3 => "Fluoroscopy" 4 => "Diagnostic yield" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec344018" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Broncoscopia flexible" 1 => "Lesiones pulmonares periféricas" 2 => "Ecografía endobronquial" 3 => "Fluoroscopia" 4 => "Rendimiento diagnóstico" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) is a challenging task for pulmonologists. Radial probe endobronchial ultrasound (R-EBUS) has been developed to enhance diagnostic yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of R-EBUS in the diagnosis of PPLs.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A retrospective study was conducted on 174 patients diagnosed with PPLs who underwent EBUS-guided bronchoscopy. Histological examination of specimens obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) and cytological examinations of brushing smear, brush rinse fluid and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were evaluated for the diagnosis.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The mean diameter of the PPLs was 25.1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10.7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm. The final diagnoses included 129 malignancies and 45 benign lesions. The overall diagnostic yield of EBUS-guided bronchoscopy was 79.9%. Neither size nor etiology of the PPLs influenced the diagnostic performance of EBUS-guided bronchoscopy (82.9% vs 74.6% for PPLs >20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm and PPLs ≤20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=.19, and 82.9% vs 71.1% for malignancy and benign diseases; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=.09). TBLB rendered the highest yield among these specimens (69.0%, 50.6%, 42.0%, and 44.3% for TBLB, brushing smear, brush rinse fluid, and BALF, respectively; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><.001). The combination of TBLB, brush smear, and BALF provided the greatest diagnostic yield, while brush rinse fluid did not add benefits to the outcomes.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">R-EBUS-guided bronchoscopy is a useful technique in the diagnosis of PPLs. To achieve the highest diagnostic performance, TBLB, brushing smear and bronchoalveolar lavage should be performed together.</p>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducción</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El diagnóstico de las lesiones pulmonares periféricas (LPP) constituye un verdadero reto para los neumólogos. La ecografía endobronquial radial (R-EBUS) es una técnica que se ha desarrollado para mejorar el rendimiento diagnóstico. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la efectividad de la R-EBUS en el diagnóstico de las LPP.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Métodos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se llevó a cabo un estudio retrospectivo en 174 pacientes a los que se habían diagnosticado LPP y a los que se practicó una broncoscopia bajo guía de EBUS. Para el diagnóstico se evaluó el examen histológico de las muestras obtenidas mediante biopsia pulmonar transbronquial (BPTB) y los exámenes citológicos del frotis de cepillado, líquido de irrigación del cepillado y líquido de lavado broncoalveolar (LLBA).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El diámetro medio de las LPP fue de 25,1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10,7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm. Los diagnósticos finales fueron 129 en fermedades malignas y 45 lesiones benignas. El rendimiento diagnóstico global de la broncoscopia bajo guía de EBUS fue del 79,9%. Ni el tamaño ni la etiología de las LPP mostraron influencia alguna en el rendimiento diagnóstico de la broncoscopia bajo guía de EBUS (82,9% frente al 74,6% para las LPP de tamaño ><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm y las LPP de tamaño ≤<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,19, y 82,9% frente al 71,1% para las enfermedades malignas y benignas; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,09). La BPTB fue la que obtuvo el máximo rendimiento de entre estas diversas muestras (69,0, 50,6, 42,0 y 44,3% para las muestras de BPTB, frotis de cepillado, líquido de irrigación de cepillado y LLBA, respectivamente; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,001). La combinación de BPTB, frotis de cepillado y LLBA aportó el máximo rendimiento diagnóstico, mientras que el líquido de irrigación de cepillado no añadió una mejora adicional de los resultados.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusión</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La broncoscopia bajo guía de R-EBUS es una técnica útil en el diagnóstico de las LPP. Para alcanzar el máximo rendimiento diagnóstico deben utilizarse conjuntamente la BPTB, el frotis de cepillado y el lavado broncoalveolar.</p>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Boonsarngsuk V, Kanoksil W, Laungdamerongchai S. Diagnóstico de lesiones pulmonares periféricas con broncoscopia bajo guía de ecografía endobronquial radial. Arch Bronconeumol. 2014;50:379–383.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Final diagnosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Number (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Malignant</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">129 (74.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Non-small cell lung cancer \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">111 (63.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Small cell lung cancer \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 (0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Metastasis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 (6.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lymphoma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 (3.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Plasmacytoma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Benign</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">45 (25.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hamartoma \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tuberculosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">29 (16.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cryptococcosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (0.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Aspergillosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (1.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Nocardiosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (1.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Organizing Pneumonia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (1.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pneumonia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 (3.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab546877.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Final Diagnosis of Peripheral Lung Lesions in 174 Patients.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Variables \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Total (n=174) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Definitive diagnosis by fiberoptic bronchoscopy</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Yes (n=139) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No (n=35) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Age, years, mean (±SD)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">61.3 (13.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">61.3 (14.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">61.5 (13.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.92 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Gender, n (%)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.97 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Male</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">89 (51.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">71 (79.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18 (20.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Female</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">85 (48.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">68 (80.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17 (20.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Size of lesion, mm, mean (±SD)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25.1 (10.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25.5 (10.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">23.3 (11.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Size, (%)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≤20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">63 (36.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">47 (74.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16 (25.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>>20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">111 (63.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">92 (82.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">19 (17.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Laterality, n (%)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.80 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Right</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">111 (63.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">86 (77.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25 (22.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Upper lobe \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">61 (35.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">45 (73.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16 (26.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Middle lobe \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">19 (10.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14 (73.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 (26.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Superior segment of lower lobe \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 (5.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 (88.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (11.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Basal segment of lower lobe \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">22 (12.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">19 (86.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (13.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Left</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">63 (36.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">53 (84.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 (15.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Upper lobe \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">40 (23.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">34 (85.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 (15.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lingula \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 (3.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 (83.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (16.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Superior segment of lower lobe \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (2.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (75.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (25.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Basal segment of lower lobe \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13 (7.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 (84.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (15.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Etiology, n (%)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.09 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Malignant</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">129 (74.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">107 (82.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">22 (17.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Benign</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">45 (25.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">32 (71.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13 (28.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab546878.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Baseline Characteristics and Influence on the Diagnostic Yield of Bronchoscopy.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">TBLB: transbronchial lung biopsy; BALF: bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sampling techniques \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Diagnostic yield (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> value (compared to TBLB) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> value (compared to TBLB<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>stained brushing) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">BALF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">44.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Irrigation fluid from brushing \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">42 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Stained brushing \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">50.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">TBLB \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">69 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">TBLB<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>stained brushing \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">75.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">TBLB<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>stained brushing<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>BALF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">79.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.008 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">TBLB<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>stained brushing<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>irrigation fluid from brushing \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">76.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab546876.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Diagnostic Yield of Different Sampling Techniques by Bronchoscopy.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => 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Year/Month | Html | Total | |
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2024 November | 1 | 2 | 3 |
2024 October | 59 | 20 | 79 |
2024 September | 50 | 22 | 72 |
2024 August | 77 | 54 | 131 |
2024 July | 58 | 37 | 95 |
2024 June | 58 | 28 | 86 |
2024 May | 81 | 31 | 112 |
2024 April | 31 | 30 | 61 |
2024 March | 41 | 21 | 62 |
2024 February | 25 | 18 | 43 |
2023 March | 6 | 1 | 7 |
2023 February | 38 | 14 | 52 |
2023 January | 39 | 38 | 77 |
2022 December | 53 | 28 | 81 |
2022 November | 32 | 27 | 59 |
2022 October | 49 | 45 | 94 |
2022 September | 45 | 26 | 71 |
2022 August | 49 | 29 | 78 |
2022 July | 35 | 34 | 69 |
2022 June | 33 | 34 | 67 |
2022 May | 32 | 29 | 61 |
2022 April | 28 | 32 | 60 |
2022 March | 46 | 36 | 82 |
2022 February | 40 | 34 | 74 |
2022 January | 48 | 41 | 89 |
2021 December | 38 | 40 | 78 |
2021 November | 62 | 45 | 107 |
2021 October | 64 | 48 | 112 |
2021 September | 36 | 58 | 94 |
2021 August | 34 | 28 | 62 |
2021 July | 54 | 21 | 75 |
2021 June | 25 | 51 | 76 |
2021 May | 62 | 33 | 95 |
2021 April | 165 | 113 | 278 |
2021 March | 56 | 31 | 87 |
2021 February | 33 | 22 | 55 |
2021 January | 44 | 21 | 65 |
2020 December | 29 | 27 | 56 |
2020 November | 33 | 20 | 53 |
2020 October | 16 | 11 | 27 |
2020 September | 19 | 8 | 27 |
2020 August | 32 | 14 | 46 |
2020 July | 27 | 26 | 53 |
2020 June | 20 | 8 | 28 |
2020 May | 39 | 12 | 51 |
2020 April | 26 | 32 | 58 |
2020 March | 33 | 20 | 53 |
2020 February | 38 | 38 | 76 |
2020 January | 44 | 30 | 74 |
2019 December | 47 | 17 | 64 |
2019 November | 45 | 21 | 66 |
2019 October | 38 | 16 | 54 |
2019 September | 23 | 26 | 49 |
2019 August | 39 | 19 | 58 |
2019 July | 32 | 23 | 55 |
2019 June | 33 | 33 | 66 |
2019 May | 53 | 27 | 80 |
2019 April | 49 | 53 | 102 |
2019 March | 79 | 40 | 119 |
2019 February | 54 | 20 | 74 |
2019 January | 46 | 35 | 81 |
2018 December | 45 | 15 | 60 |
2018 November | 73 | 20 | 93 |
2018 October | 52 | 18 | 70 |
2018 September | 28 | 8 | 36 |
2018 May | 11 | 0 | 11 |
2018 April | 26 | 5 | 31 |
2018 March | 20 | 6 | 26 |
2018 February | 21 | 7 | 28 |
2018 January | 21 | 9 | 30 |
2017 December | 34 | 10 | 44 |
2017 November | 34 | 8 | 42 |
2017 October | 35 | 15 | 50 |
2017 September | 26 | 12 | 38 |
2017 August | 40 | 8 | 48 |
2017 July | 26 | 6 | 32 |
2017 June | 31 | 16 | 47 |
2017 May | 33 | 11 | 44 |
2017 April | 24 | 7 | 31 |
2017 March | 20 | 1 | 21 |
2017 February | 20 | 10 | 30 |
2017 January | 18 | 6 | 24 |
2016 December | 41 | 5 | 46 |
2016 November | 48 | 12 | 60 |
2016 October | 48 | 14 | 62 |
2016 September | 66 | 25 | 91 |
2016 August | 53 | 15 | 68 |
2016 July | 33 | 22 | 55 |
2016 March | 1 | 0 | 1 |
2016 February | 1 | 0 | 1 |
2015 December | 2 | 0 | 2 |
2015 October | 62 | 1 | 63 |
2015 September | 39 | 11 | 50 |
2015 August | 50 | 19 | 69 |
2015 July | 54 | 12 | 66 |
2015 June | 29 | 9 | 38 |
2015 May | 51 | 18 | 69 |
2015 April | 33 | 10 | 43 |
2015 March | 38 | 13 | 51 |
2015 February | 33 | 8 | 41 |
2015 January | 36 | 15 | 51 |
2014 December | 28 | 10 | 38 |
2014 October | 0 | 2 | 2 |
2014 September | 1 | 0 | 1 |