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LC remains a fatal disease in a high proportion of cases&#44; and only patients diagnosed in the early stages have curative options with radical surgery or chemotherapy plus radiotherapy&#46; Among the criteria for tumour classification&#44; one of the most important is still the anatomical extension of the disease&#44; expressed according to the familiar TNM classification&#44; with its well-established and invaluable prognostic and treatment guidelines&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Since 1966&#44; when the Union for International Cancer Control proposed the first TNM classification for LC&#44; there have been several editions&#44; each with its successive improvements and refinements&#46; The 7th and latest version&#44; drawn up and published by a committee of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer &#40;IASLC&#41; and adopted by the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery &#40;SEPAR&#41; and other international societies&#44; represented a substantial advance with respect to methodological rigour and the universality of the classification&#46; In this project&#44; unlike those of previous editions&#44; not only patients undergoing surgery&#44; but also all types of patients from all over the world&#44; regardless of the treatment administered&#44; were included&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a> The SEPAR Bronchogenic Carcinoma Cooperative Group &#40;GCCB&#41; participated in this project with the inclusion of approximately 3000 patients&#44; making important methodological contributions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite the improvements introduced in the 7th edition of the IASLC TNM&#44; the authors recognised certain limitations&#44; derived basically from the fact that the studies used as source data &#40;clinical trials&#44; institutional registries&#44; patient series from various clinical settings&#41; were not specifically designed for analysing the prognostic value of the degree of anatomical extension&#46; For this reason&#44; the IASLC Staging Committee drew up a protocol for prospective data collection&#44; designed expressly for the validation and possible further refinement of the TNM classification&#46; The protocol is long and detailed and is open to interested specialists around the world&#44; who have been able to participate in the project by registering their patients in the IASCL international database which was set up and run by Cancer Research and Biostatistics<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> &#40;CRAB&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although the data collection protocol is especially detailed with regard to anatomical staging&#44; many other types of data are also collected &#40;biological&#44; laboratory and functional parameters&#44; diagnostic procedures&#44; tumour subtype&#44; treatment administered and follow-up&#41;&#46; For analysis of the prognostic value of the variables&#44; survival time remains to be determined from the patient follow-up&#44; which is still underway&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this article&#44; now that the initial data collection phase has been completed&#44; is to describe the most important findings derived from the patients included by our SEPAR &#40;GCCB-II&#41; group as part of the international IASLC project&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Materials and Methods</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When the IASLC project was announced&#44; a Coordinating Committee was organised by the SEPAR Oncology area&#44; which&#44; as of June 2007&#44; contacted practically all the departments of our society&#44; offering them the chance to participate in the project and help with the paperwork and authorisations required for participation&#46; This registry project was accessible to all from the very beginning and&#44; following the IASLC committee guidelines&#44; allows the inclusion of any patient with a new diagnosis of histologically confirmed LC&#44; from the date of entry in the study&#44; regardless of the treatment given &#40;including the option of palliative care only&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This is a prospective&#44; observational&#44; multicentre&#44; data collection study of patients with LC&#44; for participation in the international IASLC project aimed at producing the next TNM classification&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Database and Variables</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The international IASLC database&#44; designed by the IASLC Staging Committee&#44; is managed by CRAB and requires online entry of data in English&#46; The vast majority of the variables are closed questions&#44; some with mutually exclusive options&#44; and others with concurrent multiple responses&#46; This database provides explanatory documentation&#44; comments and figures&#44; and procedures for automatic detection of some errors and contradictions&#44; in such a way that the user must correct any errors before proceeding to the next question&#46; In addition&#44; the database managers may request clarifications from the investigators if they have questions or detect inconsistencies&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In addition&#44; as well as following the guidelines set down by the IASLC Committee&#44; the GCCB-II group participants&#44; after identifying some issues&#44; decided to add some additional guidelines regarding the criteria for choice of values in some variables which could be ambiguous&#44; with the aim of reaching the maximum consistency and precision possible&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The detailed protocol&#44; available on the Internet&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> consists of a possible maximum of 619 variables for surgical cases and 403 for non-surgical cases&#46; Although not all the variables with the possible values that can be assigned to each one can be detailed here&#44; they can be summarised as follows&#58; &#40;1&#41; General&#58; affiliation&#59; exposure to tobacco smoke&#59; clinical&#44; laboratory and functional parameters&#46; &#40;2&#41; cTNM classification of LC&#44; with a detailed description of the various classification criteria of the T&#44; N and M components and specification of the tests and procedures carried out&#44; according to certainty criteria&#46; &#40;3&#41; Histological subtype with degree of differentiation and immunohistochemical results&#46; &#40;4&#41; Modality and details of treatment administered&#46; &#40;5&#41; pTNM&#44; equally detailed for cases undergoing surgery&#46; &#40;6&#41; Follow-up variables and vital status&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Statistical Analysis</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of means was carried out using the Student <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test&#46; The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#967;</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> test was used for comparison of percentages&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although this was an observational study&#44; the authorisation of an Ethics Committee was required from each of the participating centres&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Results</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although the number of patients included by the end of 2012 was 2615&#44; only the data recorded up to 30 September 2011 are presented&#44; as the date on which sufficient data for this first description were available&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the study&#44; 2419 patients were included in 28 centres&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#40;a&#41;</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">12 hospitals registered only patients treated with surgery&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#40;b&#41;</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">10 hospitals included only patients without surgical treatment&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#40;c&#41;</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">6 hospitals included patients undergoing any treatment &#40;surgical or other&#41;&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The characteristics of age&#44; sex and smoking habit are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> shows the co-morbidity and performance status results&#44; according to the IASLC protocol&#44; distributed by sex&#46; As can be observed&#44; men had higher percentages of comorbidity for all diseases &#40;except renal failure&#41; and a greater incidence of weight loss and poor performance status&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With regard to the histological subtype &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#44; epidermoid carcinoma was the most common type among men&#46; However&#44; adenocarcinoma is the most common tumour in women and overall&#46; In section B of <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#44; the proportion of adenocarcinomas is compared as a function of smoking habit&#46; It can be seen that this disease subtype is significantly more prevalent in subjects who never smoked&#44; whether male or female&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The number and percentage of the most common diagnostic tests and staging are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>&#46; Chest and upper abdomen CT scans and fibrobronchoscopy were carried out in nearly all patients&#46; Among the tests performed for detecting possible metastasis&#44; a PET or PET&#47;CT was carried out in over 50&#37; of all patients &#40;whether they underwent surgery or not&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Distribution according to TNM staging &#40;7th edition&#41; is shown divided into two groups &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a>&#41;&#58; surgical patients &#40;cTNM and pTNM&#41; and non-surgical patients &#40;cTNM&#41;&#46; As can been seen&#44; at the time of data analysis&#44; insufficient data were available in some cases&#44; so the figures presented do not reflect the total number of patients included&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0030">Table 6</a> provides a very brief summary of the therapeutic modality applied and&#44; within the surgical option&#44; the type of intervention&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0030"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Discussion</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We would first like to point out that the patients included in this series&#44; whether due to the study objective &#40;analysis of prognostic factors for validation of the TNM classification&#41; or the design &#40;open study with inclusion of different patients depending on the centre&#58; some surgical&#59; others undergoing different treatments&#41;&#44; are not and nor are they claimed to be a representative sample of all the epidemiological aspects of the LC patient population in Spain&#46; However&#44; we do think it is feasible and useful to compare some features with other similar papers with a view to making some inferences&#44; particularly with regard to trends&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As already observed in some recent studies in Spain&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a> the proportion of women with respect to the total number of LC cases is increasing rapidly&#46; In the SEPAR GCCB registry from 1993 to 1997&#44; the proportion of women was 7&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#59; in the Spanish Epicli-CP multicentre study&#44; in 2003&#44; it was 10&#46;5&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#59; in a registry in the Spanish regions of Castilla-Le&#243;n and Cantabria carried out in 2007&#44; it was 12&#46;9&#37;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> and in a multicentre series of stage <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">i</span> surgical patients&#44; it was 13&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> In our registry&#44; the proportion of women was 16&#46;2&#37;&#46; These results are fully consistent with the LC mortality trends recorded by the INE&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> which show a clear increase in LC deaths in women compared to a stabilisation in men&#46; Despite this trend&#44; attributable to the increase in tobacco use among women&#44; the percentage of non-smokers among women with LC &#40;46&#46;1&#37;&#41; is very high and much greater than that among men &#40;4&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#44; although it is less than that recorded among women with LC in the Epicli-CP study &#40;68&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> If the smoking trends in Spain &#40;32&#46;5&#37; of smokers in the male population and 22&#46;2&#37; of females&#44; according to the National Health survey in 2009&#41; are taken into account&#44; particularly with regard to the increase in female smokers&#44; a continued increase in the rate of LC among women in the coming years can be predicted&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Since LC usually occurs in elderly smokers and ex-smokers&#44; the high rate of comorbidities&#44; particularly of the cardiorespiratory type&#44; is unsurprising&#46; In our cases&#44; the incidence of both cardiac-related and respiratory concomitant diseases was greater than 40&#37; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; A large part of this comorbidity is attributable to long-term smoking&#46; For this reason&#44; it is understandable that men with a diagnosis of LC &#40;96&#37; of whom are smokers or ex-smokers&#41; have a greater percentage of comorbidities than women &#40;54&#37; among smokers and ex-smokers&#41;&#46; This higher incidence of comorbidities may also explain&#44; at least in part&#44; why males have a poorer performance status at the time of diagnosis&#46; Given the differences in this respect in the data collection protocols of the different publications&#44; it is difficult to draw comparisons&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> In a large series from the Mayo Clinic&#44; the authors report COPD in 32&#46;9&#37; and heart disease in 11&#46;1&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#59; in the GCCB group registry between 1993 and 1997&#44; the authors observed that 50&#37; of their cases had COPD&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> a somewhat higher figure&#44; but not very different from ours&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With regard to tumour subtype&#44; adenocarcinoma is the most common form in most countries and its incidence appears to increase in younger cohorts&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#8211;16</span></a> In Spain and in some other countries in the south of Europe&#44; perhaps due to the smaller proportion of women with LC compared to other regions&#44; epidermoid carcinoma has been reported as the most common&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> In our study&#44; we found for the first time&#44; in a multiregional study in Spain&#44; a higher rate of adenocarcinomas in the overall patient set&#46; This trend is influenced without doubt by the growing proportion of women&#46; As can been seen in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#44; up to 69&#37; of the women with LC who never smoked had adenocarcinoma&#44; but even among smokers and ex-smokers this percentage was over 50&#37;&#46; Epidermoid carcinoma is still predominant among men&#44; but when the small group of non-smokers is examined&#44; adenocarcinoma&#44; with 51&#46;2&#37;&#44; represents the majority&#46; In Castilla-Le&#243;n and Cantabria&#44; although the percentage of this tumour subtype was lower among women&#44; the same difference in histological distribution depending on smoking habit was observed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With regard to staging&#44; the 7th edition of the TNM classification<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a> was used for this study&#46; The distribution of stages is presented separately for patients undergoing surgery and those receiving other treatments&#44; since&#44; as mentioned above&#44; our overall patient set is not representative of the Spanish LC population&#46; Indeed&#44; given the proportion of hospitals that provided only surgical patients&#44; it was to be expected that the complete set would show marked over-representation of surgical cases&#44; as has happened &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0030">Table 6</a>&#41;&#46; Moreover&#44; comparison of the results with other papers&#44; even if analysed by subgroups &#40;surgical patients versus non-surgical patients&#41;&#44; is difficult&#44; since many of the publications used the previous TNM classification &#40;6th edition&#44; Mountain&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Even with these limitations and the necessary reservations&#44; grouping stages into 3 categories &#40;local&#44; locoregional and metastatic&#41;&#44; in the same way as the US epidemiological cancer surveillance group &#40;SEER&#41; distributed their data&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> it is worth pointing out that local LCs &#40;stage <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">i</span>a-<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">ii</span>b&#41; in our series account for 77&#37; of those undergoing surgery&#44; a higher percentage than that recorded by the GCCB group between 1993 and 1997 &#40;around 60&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> and very similar to that obtained by the Icelandic national registry of patients undergoing interventions between 1994 and 2008 &#40;78&#46;7&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> It appears&#44; at least in Spain&#44; that among operated patients&#44; there is a growing proportion of patients presenting with early stages&#44; compared to locally advanced stages &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">iii</span>a and <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">iii</span>b&#41;&#46; In accordance with this&#44; the percentage of pneumonectomies with respect to the total number of surgical procedures has fallen&#58; 29&#46;5&#37; in the GCCB registry of 1993-1997<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> and 12&#37; in the current series &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0030">Table 6</a>&#41;&#46; However&#44; in the above-mentioned Icelandic study&#44; when the period under study &#40;1994&#8211;2008&#41; was divided into three stages&#44; with the aim of detecting trends&#44; the authors did not detect any changes either in the proportion of early stages or in the number of pneumonectomies performed&#58; 12&#46;9&#37; in 1994&#8211;1998 and 16&#46;1&#37; in 2004&#8211;2008&#46; Although this difference in trends may be due to other reasons&#44; it should be pointed out that PET was not performed in any of the cases during the period examined by these authors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With regard to patients who received other treatments &#40;chemotherapy&#44; radiotherapy or palliative care only&#41;&#44; the proportion of cases with stage <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">iv</span> disease &#40;61&#46;6&#37;&#41; is higher than in the majority of studies of series around the world&#58; 27&#37; in Slovenia in 1996<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&#59; 41&#37; in Spain &#40;Epicli-CP study&#44; 2003&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#59; 34&#46;2&#37; in the Mayo Clinic experience 1997&#8211;2003<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#59; and 56&#37; in the US epidemiological surveillance registry&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> The higher percentage observed in our series may be explained in part by the fact that we excluded surgical patients from this group&#46; Moreover&#44; the criteria for participation and inclusion in our registry limited comparability with other global LC studies&#44; but we would like to point out that&#44; unlike most large series&#44; in ours&#44; given the central objectives of the study &#40;a precise TNM evaluation&#41;&#44; special emphasis has been placed on more exact staging tests&#44; as can be seen in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a>&#46; In fact&#44; PET and PET&#47;CT were performed in more than half of the patients&#46; It is quite possible that this has contributed to the detection of a not insignificant subgroup of cases with stage <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">IV</span> disease and silent metastases which would have gone unnoticed with less exhaustive staging procedures&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We hope that the detailed analysis of the data recorded by our group&#44; together with those from other countries which have contributed and continue to contribute to the international IASLC project&#44; allows us&#44; once the patients&#8217; survival time has been determined&#44; to continue our advances towards the common objective of achieving an even more robust and precise TNM classification&#46; Nevertheless&#44; without in any way taking away from the importance of this classification of anatomical disease extension&#44; we are aware that this is only one more aspect of the tumour disease and a consequence of its biological properties&#44; the molecular substrate of which is only just beginning to be revealed&#46; For this reason&#44; we have reached agreements with other Spanish research groups&#44; which have the necessary resources for participating in projects for the genomic and molecular analysis of resected tumour samples&#46; We hope that&#44; in this way&#44; the molecular information can be combined with the detailed clinical and anatomical extension data collected from our patients&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflict of interests&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction and objectives</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The seventh edition of the TNM classification&#44; together with undeniable advantages&#44; has limitations&#46; The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer &#40;IASLC&#41; Staging Committee has designed an international prospective study to improve this classification&#46; A group of thoracic surgeons and pulmonologists was established in the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery &#40;SEPAR&#41; Oncology area&#44; and created a registry of new lung cancer &#40;LC&#41; cases to participate in this project&#46; The aim of this paper is to describe the main characteristics of the patients included&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Materials and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Prospective&#44; observational&#44; multicentre&#44; multiregional data collection &#40;epidemiological&#44; clinical&#44; therapeutic and&#44; especially&#44; anatomical extension&#41; study&#44; according to the IASLC protocol&#44; to analyse its prognostic value&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Two thousand&#44; four hundred and nineteen patients &#40;83&#46;6&#37; men&#41; from 28 hospitals were included&#46; Ninety-six percent of the men and 54&#37; of the women were smokers or ex-smokers&#46; Chest&#47;abdominal computed tomography &#40;CT&#41; scanning was performed in over 90&#37; and positron emission tomography &#40;PET&#41;&#47;CT scanning in 51&#46;5&#37; of cases&#46; Among the 1035 patients who underwent surgery&#44; 77&#37; had early stages &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">i</span>a to <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">ii</span>b&#41;&#44; and 61&#46;6&#37; of those treated using other methods had stage <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">iv</span>&#46; Respiratory comorbidity was higher in men &#40;47&#46;9&#37; versus 21&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#46; The most common histological subtype was adenocarcinoma &#40;34&#37;&#41;&#44; especially in non-smoking women &#40;69&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The proportion of women and adenocarcinomas&#44; as well as those resected at an early stage&#44; increased among LC cases in Spain&#46;</p>"
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      "es" => array:2 [
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducci&#243;n y objetivos</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La 7&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span> edici&#243;n de la clasificaci&#243;n TNM&#44; junto a ventajas indudables&#44; presenta limitaciones&#46; El Comit&#233; de Estadificaci&#243;n de la <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer</span> &#40;IASLC&#41; ha dise&#241;ado un estudio prospectivo internacional para perfeccionar esa clasificaci&#243;n&#46; En el &#225;rea de Oncolog&#237;a de la Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Neumolog&#237;a y Cirug&#237;a Tor&#225;cica &#40;SEPAR&#41; se constituy&#243; un grupo de cirujanos tor&#225;cicos y neum&#243;logos que cre&#243; un registro de nuevos casos de c&#225;ncer de pulm&#243;n &#40;CP&#41; para participar en ese proyecto&#46; El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir las caracter&#237;sticas principales de los pacientes incluidos&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio prospectivo&#44; observacional&#44; multic&#233;ntrico y multirregional de recogida de datos &#40;epidemiol&#243;gicos&#44; cl&#237;nicos&#44; funcionales&#44; terap&#233;uticos y&#44; especialmente&#44; de extensi&#243;n anat&#243;mica&#41;&#44; seg&#250;n protocolo de la IASLC&#44; para analizar su valor pron&#243;stico&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyen 2&#46;419 &#40;83&#44;6&#37; hombres&#41; pacientes de 28 hospitales&#46; El 96&#37; de los hombres y el 54&#37; de las mujeres eran fumadores o exfumadores&#46; Se practic&#243; TC de t&#243;rax&#47;abdomen en m&#225;s del 90&#37; y PET&#47;TC en el 51&#44;5&#37; de los casos&#46; Entre 1&#46;035 pacientes sometidos a cirug&#237;a&#44; el 77&#37; ten&#237;an estadios tempranos &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">i</span>a hasta <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">ii</span>b&#41;&#44; y de los tratados con otros medios&#44; el 61&#44;6&#37; ten&#237;an estadio <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">iv</span>&#46; La comorbilidad respiratoria fue mayor en hombres &#40;47&#44;9&#37; frente al 21&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#46; La estirpe m&#225;s com&#250;n fue adenocarcinoma &#40;34&#37;&#41;&#44; especialmente en mujeres no fumadoras &#40;69&#44;5&#37;&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La proporci&#243;n de mujeres y adenocarcinomas aumenta entre los casos de CP en Espa&#241;a&#44; as&#237; como los resecados en estadio temprano&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:2 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0040">Please cite this article as&#58; S&#225;nchez de Cos Escu&#237;n J&#44; Serra Mitjans M&#44; Hern&#225;ndez Hern&#225;ndez J&#44; Hern&#225;ndez Rodr&#237;guez H&#44; and other GCCB-II authors&#46; Registro del Grupo Cooperativo de C&#225;ncer de Pulm&#243;n-II de la Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Neumolog&#237;a y Cirug&#237;a Tor&#225;cica&#46; Estudio descriptivo&#46; Arch Bronconeumol&#46; 2013&#59;49&#58;462&#8211;467&#46;</p>"
      ]
      1 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9674;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0045">See <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0040">Appendix 1</a>&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "apendice" => array:1 [
      0 => array:1 [
        "seccion" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "apendice" => "<p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jos&#233; Abal Arca and Isaura Parente Lamelas&#44; Respiratory Medicine&#44; Complejo Hospitalario de Ourense&#46;</p> <p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pablo Le&#243;n Atance&#44; Chest Surgery&#44; and Ana N&#250;&#241;ez Ares&#44; Respiratory Medicine&#44; Complejo Hospitalario de Albacete&#46;</p> <p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Luis Miravet Sorribes&#44; Respiratory Medicine&#44; Hospital La Plana&#44; Vila Real&#44; Castell&#243;n&#46;</p> <p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ana Isabel Blanco Orozco&#44; Chest Surgery&#44; y M&#46; &#193;ngeles Gonz&#225;lez Castro&#44; Respiratory Medicine&#44; Hospital Virgen del Roc&#237;o&#44; Seville&#46;</p> <p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Rosario Melchor &#205;&#241;iguez&#44; Respiratory Medicine&#44; Fundaci&#243;n Jim&#233;nez D&#237;az&#44; Madrid&#46;</p> <p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Luis Garc&#237;a Arang&#252;ena&#44; Respiratory Medicine&#44; Hospital Sierrallana&#44; Torrelavega&#44; Cantabria&#46;</p> <p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Antonio Arnau Obrer and Ricardo Guijarro Jorge&#44; Chest Surgery&#46; Hospital General Universitario de Valencia&#44; Valencia&#46;</p> <p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jos&#233; Padilla Alarc&#243;n and Juan Carlos Pe&#241;alver Cuesta&#44; Chest Surgery&#44; Instituto Valenciano de Oncolog&#237;a&#44; Valencia&#46;</p> <p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Manuel Mari&#241;&#225;n Gorospe&#44; Chest Surgery&#44; Hospital San Pedro&#44; Logro&#241;o&#46;</p> <p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Esther Fern&#225;ndez Araujo&#44; Chest Surgery&#44; and Felipe Andreo Garc&#237;a&#44; Respiratory Medicine&#44; Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol&#44; Badalona&#44; Barcelona&#46;</p> <p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Gloria Francisco Corral&#44; Respiratory Medicine&#44; and Sara Cerezo Gonz&#225;lez&#44; Oncolog&#237;a&#44; Hospital La Mancha Centro&#44; Alc&#225;zar de San Juan&#44; Ciudad Real&#46;</p> <p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Guillermo Gonz&#225;lez Casaurr&#225;n&#44; Chest Surgery&#44; Hospital Gregorio Mara&#241;&#243;n&#44; Madrid&#46;</p> <p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sara Naranjo Gozalo and Carlos &#193;lvarez de Arriba&#44; Chest Surgery&#44; Hospital Marqu&#233;s de Valdecilla&#44; Santander&#46;</p> <p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Manuel N&#250;&#241;ez Delgado&#44; Respiratory Medicine&#44; Hospital de Meixoeiro&#44; Vigo&#44; Pontevedra&#46;</p> <p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">M&#46; Teresa Gonz&#225;lez Budi&#241;o&#44; Respiratory Medicine&#44; Hospital General Universitario&#44; Oviedo&#44; Asturias&#46;</p> <p id="par0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Francisco Abad Cavaco&#44; Respiratory Medicine&#44; Hospital la Fe&#44; Valencia&#46;</p> <p id="par0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ram&#243;n Magaroles and Leonardo de Esteban J&#250;lvez&#44; Respiratory Medicine&#44; Hospital Joan XXIII&#44; Tarragona&#46;</p> <p id="par0255" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">M&#46; Jos&#233; Pav&#243;n Fern&#225;ndez&#44; Respiratory Medicine&#44; Hospital Severo Ochoa&#44; Legan&#233;s&#44; Madrid&#46;</p> <p id="par0260" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jos&#233; Antonio Gull&#243;n Blanco&#44; Respiratory Medicine&#44; Hospital San Agust&#237;n&#44; Avil&#233;s&#44; Asturias&#46;</p> <p id="par0265" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Beatriz de Olaiz Navarro&#44; Chest Surgery&#44; Hospital de Getafe&#44; Getafe&#44; Madrid&#46;</p> <p id="par0270" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ignacio Escobar Campuzano and Iv&#225;n Mac&#237;a Vidueira&#44; Chest Surgery&#44; Hospital de Bellvitge&#44; L&#8217;Hospitalet de Llobregat&#44; Barcelona&#46;</p> <p id="par0275" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Santiago Garc&#237;a Barajas&#44; Chest Surgery&#44; Hospital Infanta Cristina&#44; Badajoz&#46;</p> <p id="par0280" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jorge Herrero Collantes&#44; Chest Surgery&#44; Hospital Universitario Nuestra Se&#241;ora de la Candelaria&#44; Santa Cruz de Tenerife&#46;</p> <p id="par0285" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jorge Freixenet Gilabert&#44; Chest Surgery&#44; Hospital Universitario Dr&#46; Negr&#237;n&#44; Las Palmas de Gran Canaria&#46;</p> <p id="par0290" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Alberto Saura Vinuesa&#44; Respiratory Medicine&#44; Hospital de Sagunto&#44; Sagunto&#44; Valencia&#46;</p>"
            "etiqueta" => "Appendix 1"
            "titulo" => "Other GCCB-II Authors"
            "identificador" => "sec0040"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
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        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">SE&#44; standard error of the mean&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Men</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Women</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Total cases</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2027&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">83&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">392&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2419&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age&#44; years</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mean&#44; SE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">66&#46;1 &#40;0&#46;64&#41;</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">63&#46;1 &#40;0&#46;64&#41;</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">65&#46;6 &#40;0&#46;43&#41;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age distribution</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;50 years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">129&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">62&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">191&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>51&#8211;70 years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1135&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">56&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">196&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">11&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">455&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Renal failure&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;041&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Respiratory comorbidity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">971&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">47&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1055&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">43&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cardiac comorbidity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">882&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">43&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">129&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">32&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1011&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">41&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Previous cancer&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">18&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Alcoholism&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">14&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">PS &#40;Zubrod scale&#41;&#8805;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">491&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">20&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Weight loss&#62;5&#37; of body weight&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">476&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">18&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;027&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">548&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">22&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;A&#41; Distribution of tumour subtypes by sex</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Adenocarcinoma<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">597&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">225&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">57&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">822&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">34&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Epidermoid&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">755&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">37&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">803&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Small cell&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">286&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;019&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">324&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Non-small cell&#44; no further specification&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">164&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">185&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Other<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">225&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">285&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab419682.png"
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Smokers and ex-smokers</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Non-smokers</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;B&#41; Distribution of tumour subtypes by sex according to smoking habit</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B1&#58; Women</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Adenocarcinoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">102&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">123&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">69&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>All other subtypes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">105&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B2&#58; Men</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Adenocarcinoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">551&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>All other subtypes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1375&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">48&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Type of test&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37; of total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Fibrobronchoscopy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2223&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">91&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CT of chest and upper abdomen&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2367&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">97&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Bone scan&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">407&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Head CT and&#47;or MRI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">654&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PET or PET&#47;CT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1245&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mediastinoscopy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">291&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients treated with surgery<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a></td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">cTNM</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">pTNM</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">309&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">36&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">123&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">196&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">27&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">116&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">13&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">19&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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Original Article
The Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery Lung Cancer Cooperative Group-II Registry. A Descriptive Study
Registro del Grupo Cooperativo de Cáncer de Pulmón-II de la Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica. Estudio descriptivo
Julio Sánchez de Cos Escuína,b,
Corresponding author
juli1949@separ.es
jsdce@ya.com

Corresponding author.
, Mireia Serra Mitjansc, Jesús Hernández Hernándezd, Helena Hernández Rodrígueze, other GCCB-II authors
a Sección de Neumología, Hospital San Pedro de Alcántara, Cáceres, Spain
b CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Spain
c Servicio de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
d Sección de Neumología, Hospital Nuestra Señora de Sonsoles, Ávila, Spain
e Servicio de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 2010&#44; 1 527 000 deaths<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> were attributed to lung cancer &#40;LC&#41;&#44; one of the 10 major causes of death worldwide&#44; and it seems very likely that this figure will increase in the coming years&#44; given the trends observed in global tobacco consumption&#46; In a large part of the Western world&#44; a reduction in the specific mortality rate due to LC is being observed in men&#44; including in Spain&#44; although at a somewhat slower rate&#46; Nevertheless&#44; LC continues to be the principal cause of death from tumour disease in men and the third most common in women&#58; 20 755 men and 3452 women in 2010&#44; according to data from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">I</span>NE&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite advances in the knowledge of LC biology and the modest improvements in survival obtained with new drugs and new treatment regimens&#44; LC remains a fatal disease in a high proportion of cases&#44; and only patients diagnosed in the early stages have curative options with radical surgery or chemotherapy plus radiotherapy&#46; Among the criteria for tumour classification&#44; one of the most important is still the anatomical extension of the disease&#44; expressed according to the familiar TNM classification&#44; with its well-established and invaluable prognostic and treatment guidelines&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Since 1966&#44; when the Union for International Cancer Control proposed the first TNM classification for LC&#44; there have been several editions&#44; each with its successive improvements and refinements&#46; The 7th and latest version&#44; drawn up and published by a committee of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer &#40;IASLC&#41; and adopted by the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery &#40;SEPAR&#41; and other international societies&#44; represented a substantial advance with respect to methodological rigour and the universality of the classification&#46; In this project&#44; unlike those of previous editions&#44; not only patients undergoing surgery&#44; but also all types of patients from all over the world&#44; regardless of the treatment administered&#44; were included&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a> The SEPAR Bronchogenic Carcinoma Cooperative Group &#40;GCCB&#41; participated in this project with the inclusion of approximately 3000 patients&#44; making important methodological contributions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite the improvements introduced in the 7th edition of the IASLC TNM&#44; the authors recognised certain limitations&#44; derived basically from the fact that the studies used as source data &#40;clinical trials&#44; institutional registries&#44; patient series from various clinical settings&#41; were not specifically designed for analysing the prognostic value of the degree of anatomical extension&#46; For this reason&#44; the IASLC Staging Committee drew up a protocol for prospective data collection&#44; designed expressly for the validation and possible further refinement of the TNM classification&#46; The protocol is long and detailed and is open to interested specialists around the world&#44; who have been able to participate in the project by registering their patients in the IASCL international database which was set up and run by Cancer Research and Biostatistics<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> &#40;CRAB&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although the data collection protocol is especially detailed with regard to anatomical staging&#44; many other types of data are also collected &#40;biological&#44; laboratory and functional parameters&#44; diagnostic procedures&#44; tumour subtype&#44; treatment administered and follow-up&#41;&#46; For analysis of the prognostic value of the variables&#44; survival time remains to be determined from the patient follow-up&#44; which is still underway&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this article&#44; now that the initial data collection phase has been completed&#44; is to describe the most important findings derived from the patients included by our SEPAR &#40;GCCB-II&#41; group as part of the international IASLC project&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Materials and Methods</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When the IASLC project was announced&#44; a Coordinating Committee was organised by the SEPAR Oncology area&#44; which&#44; as of June 2007&#44; contacted practically all the departments of our society&#44; offering them the chance to participate in the project and help with the paperwork and authorisations required for participation&#46; This registry project was accessible to all from the very beginning and&#44; following the IASLC committee guidelines&#44; allows the inclusion of any patient with a new diagnosis of histologically confirmed LC&#44; from the date of entry in the study&#44; regardless of the treatment given &#40;including the option of palliative care only&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This is a prospective&#44; observational&#44; multicentre&#44; data collection study of patients with LC&#44; for participation in the international IASLC project aimed at producing the next TNM classification&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Database and Variables</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The international IASLC database&#44; designed by the IASLC Staging Committee&#44; is managed by CRAB and requires online entry of data in English&#46; The vast majority of the variables are closed questions&#44; some with mutually exclusive options&#44; and others with concurrent multiple responses&#46; This database provides explanatory documentation&#44; comments and figures&#44; and procedures for automatic detection of some errors and contradictions&#44; in such a way that the user must correct any errors before proceeding to the next question&#46; In addition&#44; the database managers may request clarifications from the investigators if they have questions or detect inconsistencies&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In addition&#44; as well as following the guidelines set down by the IASLC Committee&#44; the GCCB-II group participants&#44; after identifying some issues&#44; decided to add some additional guidelines regarding the criteria for choice of values in some variables which could be ambiguous&#44; with the aim of reaching the maximum consistency and precision possible&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The detailed protocol&#44; available on the Internet&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> consists of a possible maximum of 619 variables for surgical cases and 403 for non-surgical cases&#46; Although not all the variables with the possible values that can be assigned to each one can be detailed here&#44; they can be summarised as follows&#58; &#40;1&#41; General&#58; affiliation&#59; exposure to tobacco smoke&#59; clinical&#44; laboratory and functional parameters&#46; &#40;2&#41; cTNM classification of LC&#44; with a detailed description of the various classification criteria of the T&#44; N and M components and specification of the tests and procedures carried out&#44; according to certainty criteria&#46; &#40;3&#41; Histological subtype with degree of differentiation and immunohistochemical results&#46; &#40;4&#41; Modality and details of treatment administered&#46; &#40;5&#41; pTNM&#44; equally detailed for cases undergoing surgery&#46; &#40;6&#41; Follow-up variables and vital status&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Statistical Analysis</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of means was carried out using the Student <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test&#46; The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#967;</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> test was used for comparison of percentages&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although this was an observational study&#44; the authorisation of an Ethics Committee was required from each of the participating centres&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Results</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although the number of patients included by the end of 2012 was 2615&#44; only the data recorded up to 30 September 2011 are presented&#44; as the date on which sufficient data for this first description were available&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the study&#44; 2419 patients were included in 28 centres&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#40;a&#41;</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">12 hospitals registered only patients treated with surgery&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#40;b&#41;</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">10 hospitals included only patients without surgical treatment&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#40;c&#41;</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">6 hospitals included patients undergoing any treatment &#40;surgical or other&#41;&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The characteristics of age&#44; sex and smoking habit are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> shows the co-morbidity and performance status results&#44; according to the IASLC protocol&#44; distributed by sex&#46; As can be observed&#44; men had higher percentages of comorbidity for all diseases &#40;except renal failure&#41; and a greater incidence of weight loss and poor performance status&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With regard to the histological subtype &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#44; epidermoid carcinoma was the most common type among men&#46; However&#44; adenocarcinoma is the most common tumour in women and overall&#46; In section B of <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#44; the proportion of adenocarcinomas is compared as a function of smoking habit&#46; It can be seen that this disease subtype is significantly more prevalent in subjects who never smoked&#44; whether male or female&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The number and percentage of the most common diagnostic tests and staging are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>&#46; Chest and upper abdomen CT scans and fibrobronchoscopy were carried out in nearly all patients&#46; Among the tests performed for detecting possible metastasis&#44; a PET or PET&#47;CT was carried out in over 50&#37; of all patients &#40;whether they underwent surgery or not&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Distribution according to TNM staging &#40;7th edition&#41; is shown divided into two groups &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a>&#41;&#58; surgical patients &#40;cTNM and pTNM&#41; and non-surgical patients &#40;cTNM&#41;&#46; As can been seen&#44; at the time of data analysis&#44; insufficient data were available in some cases&#44; so the figures presented do not reflect the total number of patients included&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0030">Table 6</a> provides a very brief summary of the therapeutic modality applied and&#44; within the surgical option&#44; the type of intervention&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0030"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Discussion</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We would first like to point out that the patients included in this series&#44; whether due to the study objective &#40;analysis of prognostic factors for validation of the TNM classification&#41; or the design &#40;open study with inclusion of different patients depending on the centre&#58; some surgical&#59; others undergoing different treatments&#41;&#44; are not and nor are they claimed to be a representative sample of all the epidemiological aspects of the LC patient population in Spain&#46; However&#44; we do think it is feasible and useful to compare some features with other similar papers with a view to making some inferences&#44; particularly with regard to trends&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As already observed in some recent studies in Spain&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a> the proportion of women with respect to the total number of LC cases is increasing rapidly&#46; In the SEPAR GCCB registry from 1993 to 1997&#44; the proportion of women was 7&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#59; in the Spanish Epicli-CP multicentre study&#44; in 2003&#44; it was 10&#46;5&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#59; in a registry in the Spanish regions of Castilla-Le&#243;n and Cantabria carried out in 2007&#44; it was 12&#46;9&#37;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> and in a multicentre series of stage <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">i</span> surgical patients&#44; it was 13&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> In our registry&#44; the proportion of women was 16&#46;2&#37;&#46; These results are fully consistent with the LC mortality trends recorded by the INE&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> which show a clear increase in LC deaths in women compared to a stabilisation in men&#46; Despite this trend&#44; attributable to the increase in tobacco use among women&#44; the percentage of non-smokers among women with LC &#40;46&#46;1&#37;&#41; is very high and much greater than that among men &#40;4&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#44; although it is less than that recorded among women with LC in the Epicli-CP study &#40;68&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> If the smoking trends in Spain &#40;32&#46;5&#37; of smokers in the male population and 22&#46;2&#37; of females&#44; according to the National Health survey in 2009&#41; are taken into account&#44; particularly with regard to the increase in female smokers&#44; a continued increase in the rate of LC among women in the coming years can be predicted&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Since LC usually occurs in elderly smokers and ex-smokers&#44; the high rate of comorbidities&#44; particularly of the cardiorespiratory type&#44; is unsurprising&#46; In our cases&#44; the incidence of both cardiac-related and respiratory concomitant diseases was greater than 40&#37; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; A large part of this comorbidity is attributable to long-term smoking&#46; For this reason&#44; it is understandable that men with a diagnosis of LC &#40;96&#37; of whom are smokers or ex-smokers&#41; have a greater percentage of comorbidities than women &#40;54&#37; among smokers and ex-smokers&#41;&#46; This higher incidence of comorbidities may also explain&#44; at least in part&#44; why males have a poorer performance status at the time of diagnosis&#46; Given the differences in this respect in the data collection protocols of the different publications&#44; it is difficult to draw comparisons&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> In a large series from the Mayo Clinic&#44; the authors report COPD in 32&#46;9&#37; and heart disease in 11&#46;1&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#59; in the GCCB group registry between 1993 and 1997&#44; the authors observed that 50&#37; of their cases had COPD&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> a somewhat higher figure&#44; but not very different from ours&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With regard to tumour subtype&#44; adenocarcinoma is the most common form in most countries and its incidence appears to increase in younger cohorts&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#8211;16</span></a> In Spain and in some other countries in the south of Europe&#44; perhaps due to the smaller proportion of women with LC compared to other regions&#44; epidermoid carcinoma has been reported as the most common&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> In our study&#44; we found for the first time&#44; in a multiregional study in Spain&#44; a higher rate of adenocarcinomas in the overall patient set&#46; This trend is influenced without doubt by the growing proportion of women&#46; As can been seen in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#44; up to 69&#37; of the women with LC who never smoked had adenocarcinoma&#44; but even among smokers and ex-smokers this percentage was over 50&#37;&#46; Epidermoid carcinoma is still predominant among men&#44; but when the small group of non-smokers is examined&#44; adenocarcinoma&#44; with 51&#46;2&#37;&#44; represents the majority&#46; In Castilla-Le&#243;n and Cantabria&#44; although the percentage of this tumour subtype was lower among women&#44; the same difference in histological distribution depending on smoking habit was observed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With regard to staging&#44; the 7th edition of the TNM classification<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a> was used for this study&#46; The distribution of stages is presented separately for patients undergoing surgery and those receiving other treatments&#44; since&#44; as mentioned above&#44; our overall patient set is not representative of the Spanish LC population&#46; Indeed&#44; given the proportion of hospitals that provided only surgical patients&#44; it was to be expected that the complete set would show marked over-representation of surgical cases&#44; as has happened &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0030">Table 6</a>&#41;&#46; Moreover&#44; comparison of the results with other papers&#44; even if analysed by subgroups &#40;surgical patients versus non-surgical patients&#41;&#44; is difficult&#44; since many of the publications used the previous TNM classification &#40;6th edition&#44; Mountain&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Even with these limitations and the necessary reservations&#44; grouping stages into 3 categories &#40;local&#44; locoregional and metastatic&#41;&#44; in the same way as the US epidemiological cancer surveillance group &#40;SEER&#41; distributed their data&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> it is worth pointing out that local LCs &#40;stage <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">i</span>a-<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">ii</span>b&#41; in our series account for 77&#37; of those undergoing surgery&#44; a higher percentage than that recorded by the GCCB group between 1993 and 1997 &#40;around 60&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> and very similar to that obtained by the Icelandic national registry of patients undergoing interventions between 1994 and 2008 &#40;78&#46;7&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> It appears&#44; at least in Spain&#44; that among operated patients&#44; there is a growing proportion of patients presenting with early stages&#44; compared to locally advanced stages &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">iii</span>a and <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">iii</span>b&#41;&#46; In accordance with this&#44; the percentage of pneumonectomies with respect to the total number of surgical procedures has fallen&#58; 29&#46;5&#37; in the GCCB registry of 1993-1997<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> and 12&#37; in the current series &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0030">Table 6</a>&#41;&#46; However&#44; in the above-mentioned Icelandic study&#44; when the period under study &#40;1994&#8211;2008&#41; was divided into three stages&#44; with the aim of detecting trends&#44; the authors did not detect any changes either in the proportion of early stages or in the number of pneumonectomies performed&#58; 12&#46;9&#37; in 1994&#8211;1998 and 16&#46;1&#37; in 2004&#8211;2008&#46; Although this difference in trends may be due to other reasons&#44; it should be pointed out that PET was not performed in any of the cases during the period examined by these authors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With regard to patients who received other treatments &#40;chemotherapy&#44; radiotherapy or palliative care only&#41;&#44; the proportion of cases with stage <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">iv</span> disease &#40;61&#46;6&#37;&#41; is higher than in the majority of studies of series around the world&#58; 27&#37; in Slovenia in 1996<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&#59; 41&#37; in Spain &#40;Epicli-CP study&#44; 2003&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#59; 34&#46;2&#37; in the Mayo Clinic experience 1997&#8211;2003<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#59; and 56&#37; in the US epidemiological surveillance registry&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> The higher percentage observed in our series may be explained in part by the fact that we excluded surgical patients from this group&#46; Moreover&#44; the criteria for participation and inclusion in our registry limited comparability with other global LC studies&#44; but we would like to point out that&#44; unlike most large series&#44; in ours&#44; given the central objectives of the study &#40;a precise TNM evaluation&#41;&#44; special emphasis has been placed on more exact staging tests&#44; as can be seen in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a>&#46; In fact&#44; PET and PET&#47;CT were performed in more than half of the patients&#46; It is quite possible that this has contributed to the detection of a not insignificant subgroup of cases with stage <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">IV</span> disease and silent metastases which would have gone unnoticed with less exhaustive staging procedures&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We hope that the detailed analysis of the data recorded by our group&#44; together with those from other countries which have contributed and continue to contribute to the international IASLC project&#44; allows us&#44; once the patients&#8217; survival time has been determined&#44; to continue our advances towards the common objective of achieving an even more robust and precise TNM classification&#46; Nevertheless&#44; without in any way taking away from the importance of this classification of anatomical disease extension&#44; we are aware that this is only one more aspect of the tumour disease and a consequence of its biological properties&#44; the molecular substrate of which is only just beginning to be revealed&#46; For this reason&#44; we have reached agreements with other Spanish research groups&#44; which have the necessary resources for participating in projects for the genomic and molecular analysis of resected tumour samples&#46; We hope that&#44; in this way&#44; the molecular information can be combined with the detailed clinical and anatomical extension data collected from our patients&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflict of interests&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Materials and Methods"
          "secciones" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0015"
              "titulo" => "Database and Variables"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0020"
              "titulo" => "Statistical Analysis"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0025"
          "titulo" => "Results"
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        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0030"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0035"
          "titulo" => "Conflict of interests"
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        9 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2013-04-01"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2013-05-15"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec271294"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Lung cancer"
            1 => "TNM classification"
            2 => "Multicentre registry"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec271293"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "C&#225;ncer de pulm&#243;n"
            1 => "Clasificaci&#243;n TNM"
            2 => "Registro multic&#233;ntrico"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction and objectives</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The seventh edition of the TNM classification&#44; together with undeniable advantages&#44; has limitations&#46; The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer &#40;IASLC&#41; Staging Committee has designed an international prospective study to improve this classification&#46; A group of thoracic surgeons and pulmonologists was established in the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery &#40;SEPAR&#41; Oncology area&#44; and created a registry of new lung cancer &#40;LC&#41; cases to participate in this project&#46; The aim of this paper is to describe the main characteristics of the patients included&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Materials and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Prospective&#44; observational&#44; multicentre&#44; multiregional data collection &#40;epidemiological&#44; clinical&#44; therapeutic and&#44; especially&#44; anatomical extension&#41; study&#44; according to the IASLC protocol&#44; to analyse its prognostic value&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Two thousand&#44; four hundred and nineteen patients &#40;83&#46;6&#37; men&#41; from 28 hospitals were included&#46; Ninety-six percent of the men and 54&#37; of the women were smokers or ex-smokers&#46; Chest&#47;abdominal computed tomography &#40;CT&#41; scanning was performed in over 90&#37; and positron emission tomography &#40;PET&#41;&#47;CT scanning in 51&#46;5&#37; of cases&#46; Among the 1035 patients who underwent surgery&#44; 77&#37; had early stages &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">i</span>a to <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">ii</span>b&#41;&#44; and 61&#46;6&#37; of those treated using other methods had stage <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">iv</span>&#46; Respiratory comorbidity was higher in men &#40;47&#46;9&#37; versus 21&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#46; The most common histological subtype was adenocarcinoma &#40;34&#37;&#41;&#44; especially in non-smoking women &#40;69&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The proportion of women and adenocarcinomas&#44; as well as those resected at an early stage&#44; increased among LC cases in Spain&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introducci&#243;n y objetivos</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La 7&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span> edici&#243;n de la clasificaci&#243;n TNM&#44; junto a ventajas indudables&#44; presenta limitaciones&#46; El Comit&#233; de Estadificaci&#243;n de la <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer</span> &#40;IASLC&#41; ha dise&#241;ado un estudio prospectivo internacional para perfeccionar esa clasificaci&#243;n&#46; En el &#225;rea de Oncolog&#237;a de la Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Neumolog&#237;a y Cirug&#237;a Tor&#225;cica &#40;SEPAR&#41; se constituy&#243; un grupo de cirujanos tor&#225;cicos y neum&#243;logos que cre&#243; un registro de nuevos casos de c&#225;ncer de pulm&#243;n &#40;CP&#41; para participar en ese proyecto&#46; El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir las caracter&#237;sticas principales de los pacientes incluidos&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio prospectivo&#44; observacional&#44; multic&#233;ntrico y multirregional de recogida de datos &#40;epidemiol&#243;gicos&#44; cl&#237;nicos&#44; funcionales&#44; terap&#233;uticos y&#44; especialmente&#44; de extensi&#243;n anat&#243;mica&#41;&#44; seg&#250;n protocolo de la IASLC&#44; para analizar su valor pron&#243;stico&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyen 2&#46;419 &#40;83&#44;6&#37; hombres&#41; pacientes de 28 hospitales&#46; El 96&#37; de los hombres y el 54&#37; de las mujeres eran fumadores o exfumadores&#46; Se practic&#243; TC de t&#243;rax&#47;abdomen en m&#225;s del 90&#37; y PET&#47;TC en el 51&#44;5&#37; de los casos&#46; Entre 1&#46;035 pacientes sometidos a cirug&#237;a&#44; el 77&#37; ten&#237;an estadios tempranos &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">i</span>a hasta <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">ii</span>b&#41;&#44; y de los tratados con otros medios&#44; el 61&#44;6&#37; ten&#237;an estadio <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">iv</span>&#46; La comorbilidad respiratoria fue mayor en hombres &#40;47&#44;9&#37; frente al 21&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#46; La estirpe m&#225;s com&#250;n fue adenocarcinoma &#40;34&#37;&#41;&#44; especialmente en mujeres no fumadoras &#40;69&#44;5&#37;&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La proporci&#243;n de mujeres y adenocarcinomas aumenta entre los casos de CP en Espa&#241;a&#44; as&#237; como los resecados en estadio temprano&#46;</p>"
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    "NotaPie" => array:2 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0040">Please cite this article as&#58; S&#225;nchez de Cos Escu&#237;n J&#44; Serra Mitjans M&#44; Hern&#225;ndez Hern&#225;ndez J&#44; Hern&#225;ndez Rodr&#237;guez H&#44; and other GCCB-II authors&#46; Registro del Grupo Cooperativo de C&#225;ncer de Pulm&#243;n-II de la Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Neumolog&#237;a y Cirug&#237;a Tor&#225;cica&#46; Estudio descriptivo&#46; Arch Bronconeumol&#46; 2013&#59;49&#58;462&#8211;467&#46;</p>"
      ]
      1 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9674;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0045">See <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0040">Appendix 1</a>&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "apendice" => array:1 [
      0 => array:1 [
        "seccion" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "apendice" => "<p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jos&#233; Abal Arca and Isaura Parente Lamelas&#44; Respiratory Medicine&#44; Complejo Hospitalario de Ourense&#46;</p> <p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pablo Le&#243;n Atance&#44; Chest Surgery&#44; and Ana N&#250;&#241;ez Ares&#44; Respiratory Medicine&#44; Complejo Hospitalario de Albacete&#46;</p> <p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Luis Miravet Sorribes&#44; Respiratory Medicine&#44; Hospital La Plana&#44; Vila Real&#44; Castell&#243;n&#46;</p> <p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ana Isabel Blanco Orozco&#44; Chest Surgery&#44; y M&#46; &#193;ngeles Gonz&#225;lez Castro&#44; Respiratory Medicine&#44; Hospital Virgen del Roc&#237;o&#44; Seville&#46;</p> <p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Rosario Melchor &#205;&#241;iguez&#44; Respiratory Medicine&#44; Fundaci&#243;n Jim&#233;nez D&#237;az&#44; Madrid&#46;</p> <p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Luis Garc&#237;a Arang&#252;ena&#44; Respiratory Medicine&#44; Hospital Sierrallana&#44; Torrelavega&#44; Cantabria&#46;</p> <p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Antonio Arnau Obrer and Ricardo Guijarro Jorge&#44; Chest Surgery&#46; Hospital General Universitario de Valencia&#44; Valencia&#46;</p> <p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jos&#233; Padilla Alarc&#243;n and Juan Carlos Pe&#241;alver Cuesta&#44; Chest Surgery&#44; Instituto Valenciano de Oncolog&#237;a&#44; Valencia&#46;</p> <p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Manuel Mari&#241;&#225;n Gorospe&#44; Chest Surgery&#44; Hospital San Pedro&#44; Logro&#241;o&#46;</p> <p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Esther Fern&#225;ndez Araujo&#44; Chest Surgery&#44; and Felipe Andreo Garc&#237;a&#44; Respiratory Medicine&#44; Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol&#44; Badalona&#44; Barcelona&#46;</p> <p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Gloria Francisco Corral&#44; Respiratory Medicine&#44; and Sara Cerezo Gonz&#225;lez&#44; Oncolog&#237;a&#44; Hospital La Mancha Centro&#44; Alc&#225;zar de San Juan&#44; Ciudad Real&#46;</p> <p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Guillermo Gonz&#225;lez Casaurr&#225;n&#44; Chest Surgery&#44; Hospital Gregorio Mara&#241;&#243;n&#44; Madrid&#46;</p> <p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sara Naranjo Gozalo and Carlos &#193;lvarez de Arriba&#44; Chest Surgery&#44; Hospital Marqu&#233;s de Valdecilla&#44; Santander&#46;</p> <p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Manuel N&#250;&#241;ez Delgado&#44; Respiratory Medicine&#44; Hospital de Meixoeiro&#44; Vigo&#44; Pontevedra&#46;</p> <p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">M&#46; Teresa Gonz&#225;lez Budi&#241;o&#44; Respiratory Medicine&#44; Hospital General Universitario&#44; Oviedo&#44; Asturias&#46;</p> <p id="par0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Francisco Abad Cavaco&#44; Respiratory Medicine&#44; Hospital la Fe&#44; Valencia&#46;</p> <p id="par0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ram&#243;n Magaroles and Leonardo de Esteban J&#250;lvez&#44; Respiratory Medicine&#44; Hospital Joan XXIII&#44; Tarragona&#46;</p> <p id="par0255" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">M&#46; Jos&#233; Pav&#243;n Fern&#225;ndez&#44; Respiratory Medicine&#44; Hospital Severo Ochoa&#44; Legan&#233;s&#44; Madrid&#46;</p> <p id="par0260" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jos&#233; Antonio Gull&#243;n Blanco&#44; Respiratory Medicine&#44; Hospital San Agust&#237;n&#44; Avil&#233;s&#44; Asturias&#46;</p> <p id="par0265" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Beatriz de Olaiz Navarro&#44; Chest Surgery&#44; Hospital de Getafe&#44; Getafe&#44; Madrid&#46;</p> <p id="par0270" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ignacio Escobar Campuzano and Iv&#225;n Mac&#237;a Vidueira&#44; Chest Surgery&#44; Hospital de Bellvitge&#44; L&#8217;Hospitalet de Llobregat&#44; Barcelona&#46;</p> <p id="par0275" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Santiago Garc&#237;a Barajas&#44; Chest Surgery&#44; Hospital Infanta Cristina&#44; Badajoz&#46;</p> <p id="par0280" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jorge Herrero Collantes&#44; Chest Surgery&#44; Hospital Universitario Nuestra Se&#241;ora de la Candelaria&#44; Santa Cruz de Tenerife&#46;</p> <p id="par0285" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Jorge Freixenet Gilabert&#44; Chest Surgery&#44; Hospital Universitario Dr&#46; Negr&#237;n&#44; Las Palmas de Gran Canaria&#46;</p> <p id="par0290" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Alberto Saura Vinuesa&#44; Respiratory Medicine&#44; Hospital de Sagunto&#44; Sagunto&#44; Valencia&#46;</p>"
            "etiqueta" => "Appendix 1"
            "titulo" => "Other GCCB-II Authors"
            "identificador" => "sec0040"
          ]
        ]
      ]
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        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">SE&#44; standard error of the mean&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Men</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Women</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Total cases</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2027&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">83&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">392&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">16&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2419&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">100&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mean&#44; SE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">66&#46;1 &#40;0&#46;64&#41;</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">63&#46;1 &#40;0&#46;64&#41;</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">65&#46;6 &#40;0&#46;43&#41;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;50 years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Diabetes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">411&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">20&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Renal failure&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Respiratory comorbidity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Cardiac comorbidity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Previous cancer&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Alcoholism&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">PS &#40;Zubrod scale&#41;&#8805;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">20&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Weight loss&#62;5&#37; of body weight&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">22&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
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            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Men</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Women</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="8" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;A&#41; Distribution of tumour subtypes by sex</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Adenocarcinoma<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">597&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">225&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">57&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">822&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">34&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Epidermoid&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">755&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">37&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">12&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">803&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Small cell&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">286&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;019&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">324&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">13&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Non-small cell&#44; no further specification&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">185&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Other<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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                0 => "xTab419682.png"
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            1 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Smokers and ex-smokers</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Non-smokers</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#40;B&#41; Distribution of tumour subtypes by sex according to smoking habit</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B1&#58; Women</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Adenocarcinoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">102&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">123&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">69&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>All other subtypes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">105&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B2&#58; Men</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Adenocarcinoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">551&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>All other subtypes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1375&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">48&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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            1 => array:3 [
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Including adenosquamous&#44; large cell neuroendocrine&#44; typical and atypical carcinoid and sarcomatoid subtypes&#46;</p>"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distribution According to Histological Subtype&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CT&#44; computed tomography&#59; MRI&#44; magnetic resonance imaging&#59; PET&#44; positron emission tomography&#46;</p>"
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            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Type of test&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37; of total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Fibrobronchoscopy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2223&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">91&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CT of chest and upper abdomen&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2367&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">97&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Bone scan&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">407&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Head CT and&#47;or MRI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">654&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PET or PET&#47;CT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1245&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mediastinoscopy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">291&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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      4 => array:7 [
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
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            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Stage&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients treated with surgery<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a></td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients treated without surgery</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">cTNM</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">pTNM</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">cTNM</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">i</span>a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">309&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">36&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">123&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">i</span>b&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">186&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#37; of total surgeries&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Lobectomy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">709&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">68&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Bilobectomy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">47&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">124&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">12&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">9&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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ISSN: 15792129
Original language: English
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