Original Article
Increased Inspiratory Oxygen Fractions (FIO2) Using a Conventional Drug Delivery Nebuliser
Fracciones inspiratorias elevadas de O2 con el uso del dispositivo convencional de nebulización de fármacos
a Servicio de Neumología, Hospital del Mar, Instituto Municipal de Investigación Médica (IMIM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
b Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Bunyola, Baleares, Spain
c Servicio de Anestesia, Hospital del Mar–IMIM, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Read
7385
Timeswas read the article
2631
Total PDF
4754
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:23 [ "pii" => "S1579212910700586" "issn" => "15792129" "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(10)70058-6" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2010-05-01" "aid" => "70058" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica" "copyrightAnyo" => "2010" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2010;46:230-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 4824 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 115 "HTML" => 3642 "PDF" => 1067 ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1579212910700598" "issn" => "15792129" "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(10)70059-8" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2010-05-01" "aid" => "70059" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2010;46:238-43" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2187 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 112 "HTML" => 1396 "PDF" => 679 ] ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>" "titulo" => "Use of Positron Emission Tomography in Assessing Hidden Extrathoracic Metastasis in Non Small Cell Lung Cancer" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "238" "paginaFinal" => "243" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Utilidad de la tomografía por emisión de positrones en la detección de metástasis ocultas extratorácicas en el carcinoma broncogénico no células pequeñas" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Rodrigo Alonso Moralejo, Javier Sayas Catalán, Ricardo García Luján, Mónica Coronado Poggio, Eduard Monsó Molas, Ángel López Encuentra" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Rodrigo" "apellidos" => "Alonso Moralejo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Javier Sayas" "apellidos" => "Catalán" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ricardo García" "apellidos" => "Luján" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Mónica Coronado" "apellidos" => "Poggio" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Eduard Monsó" "apellidos" => "Molas" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ángel López" "apellidos" => "Encuentra" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212910700598?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/15792129/0000004600000005/v1_201305150453/S1579212910700598/v1_201305150453/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1579212910700574" "issn" => "15792129" "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(10)70057-4" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2010-05-01" "aid" => "70057" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2010;46:223-9" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 3345 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 90 "HTML" => 2147 "PDF" => 1108 ] ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>" "titulo" => "Usefulness CT-guided F.N.A.C. in the Diagnosis of Mediastinal Lesions" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "223" "paginaFinal" => "229" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Utilidad de la PAAF guiada por TC en el diagnóstico de lesiones mediastínicas" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Virginia Pérez Dueñas, Isabel Torres Sánchez, Francisco García Río, Emilio Valbuena Durán, Blanca Vicandi Plaza, Jose María Viguer García-Moreno" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Virginia" "apellidos" => "Pérez Dueñas" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Isabel" "apellidos" => "Torres Sánchez" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Francisco" "apellidos" => "García Río" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Emilio" "apellidos" => "Valbuena Durán" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Blanca" "apellidos" => "Vicandi Plaza" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Jose" "apellidos" => "María Viguer García-Moreno" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212910700574?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/15792129/0000004600000005/v1_201305150453/S1579212910700574/v1_201305150453/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:15 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>" "titulo" => "Increased Inspiratory Oxygen Fractions (FIO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>) Using a Conventional Drug Delivery Nebuliser" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "230" "paginaFinal" => "237" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Joaquim Gea, Mauricio Orozco-Levi, Lluís Gallart" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Joaquim" "apellidos" => "Gea" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "jgea@imim.es" ] "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Mauricio" "apellidos" => "Orozco-Levi" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Lluís" "apellidos" => "Gallart" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Hospital del Mar, Instituto Municipal de Investigación Médica (IMIM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Bunyola, Baleares, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Anestesia, Hospital del Mar–IMIM, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Fracciones inspiratorias elevadas de O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> con el uso del dispositivo convencional de nebulización de fármacos" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2009-08-06" "fechaAceptado" => "2010-02-05" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec156023" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Nebulisations" 1 => "Hypoventilation" 2 => "Oxygen therapy" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec156024" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Nebulizaciones" 1 => "Hipoventilación" 2 => "Oxigenoterapia" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Nebulised drugs are very useful in COPD exacerbations. The most frequently used propellant is compressed air, which is commonly administered together with nasal oxygen in those patients with respiratory failure. The purpose of this approach is to avoid the risks inherent in breathing high inspiratory oxygen fractions (FIO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Aim</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To analyze the actual FIO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> obtained with such a common method under experimental conditions.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Volunteers breathed using different patterns (quiet breathing, panting and deep breathing), through either the nose or the mouth, with oxygen flows of 0 vs. 4l/min. Then, they repeated quiet breathing and panting patterns, with nebulisation of saline propelled by compressed air (8l/min) and oxygen flows of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8l/min. The F<span class="elsevierStyleInf">I</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> was simultaneously determined both in retronasal (RN) and retropharyngeal (RF) areas.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">During breathing without simultaneous nebulisation and oxygen flow of 4l/min, FIO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> reached mean values of 0.42–.71 (RN) and 0.29–.38 (RF) for the three ventilatory patterns analyzed. With nebulisations during quiet breathing, mean FIO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> values were 0.39 (RN) and 0.27 (RF) for 2l/min O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> flow, 0.47 (RN), 0.34 (RF) for 4l/min, 0.58 (RN), 0.38 (RF) for 6l/min, and 0.68 (RN) and 0.50 (RF) for 8l/min. Similar results were obtained with the panting pattern.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusion</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The FIO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> obtained using the conventional nebulisation system (propulsion with compressed air and simultaneous nasal oxygen therapy) are relatively high, and therefore, might involve risks for COPD patients during exacerbations.</p>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los fármacos nebulizados son de gran utilidad en el tratamiento de las agudizaciones de la EPOC. El gas propulsor más utilizado es aire comprimido, que suele combinarse con oxigenoterapia por vía nasal en pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria. Este método pretende evitar los riesgos inherentes a la inhalación de fracciones inspiratorias de oxígeno (FIO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>) elevadas.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Analizar experimentalmente las FIO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> reales obtenidas mediante el dispositivo mencionado.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Método</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los voluntarios respiraron con diversos patrones (basal, jadeo y respiración profunda) por vías nasal u oral y a flujos de oxígeno de 0–4 l/min. Seguidamente, repitieron los patrones basal y de jadeo con nebulización de suero salino impulsada por aire comprimido (8 l/min) y flujos de oxígeno nasales de 0, 2, 4, 6 y 8 l/min. La FIO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> se determinó en regiones retronasal (RN) y retrofaríngea (RF).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Durante la respiración sin nebulización simultánea y O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> a 4 l/min, la FIO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> alcanzó valores medios de 0,42–,71 (RN) y 0,29–0,38 (RF) para los 3 patrones analizados. Durante la nebulización con salino y en respiración tranquila, los valores medios de FIO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> fueron de 0,39 (RN) y 0,27 (RF) para O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> a 2 l/min, 0,47 (RN) y 0,34 (RF) para 4 l/min, 0,58 (RN) y 0,38 (RF) para 6 l/min y 0,68 (RN) y 0,50 (RF) para 8 l/min. Cifras similares se alcanzaron con patrón de jadeo.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusión</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las FIO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> obtenidas mediante el sistema estándar de nebulización con aire comprimido y oxigenoterapia simultánea son relativamente elevadas y pudieran suponer un riesgo para los pacientes con EPOC exacerbada.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:38 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. NHLBI/WHO workshop report. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Update of the Management Sections. GOLD website (<a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.goldcopd.com/">www.goldcopd.com</a>)." ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2" "etiqueta" => "2." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. Evidence-based guidelines for asthma management and prevention. GINA website (<a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.ginasthma.com/">www.ginasthma.com</a>)." ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib3" "etiqueta" => "3." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A multicenter study of nebulized bronchodilator solutions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M. Friedman" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Med" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "100" "paginaInicial" => "30S" "paginaFinal" => "39S" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8610715" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib4" "etiqueta" => "4." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Results of a multicenter study of nebulized inhalant bronchodilator solutions" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "D.P. Tashkin" 1 => "E. Bleecker" 2 => "S. Braun" 3 => "S. Campbell" 4 => "A.C. DeGraff" 5 => "D.W. Hudgel" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Med" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "100" "paginaInicial" => "62S" "paginaFinal" => "69S" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8610720" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib5" "etiqueta" => "5." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "An ebaluation of nebulized levalbuterol in stable COPD" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "D. Datta" 1 => "A. Vitale" 2 => "B. Lahiri" 3 => "R. Zu Wallack" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "124" "paginaInicial" => "844" "paginaFinal" => "849" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12970007" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0735109703006466" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "07351097" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib6" "etiqueta" => "6." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Management of exacerbation of COPD" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "colaboracion" => "British Thoracic Society" "etal" => false ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Thorax" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "59" "numero" => "Suppl 1" "paginaInicial" => "131" "paginaFinal" => "156" ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib7" "etiqueta" => "7." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Guía clínica para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J.A. Barberá" 1 => "G. Peces-Barba" 2 => "A.GN. Agustí" 3 => "J.L. Izquierdo" 4 => "E. Monsó" 5 => "T. Montemayor" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "37" "paginaInicial" => "297" "paginaFinal" => "316" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11412529" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib8" "etiqueta" => "8." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Update on the management of COPD" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "B.R. Celli" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1378/chest.07-2061" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "133" "paginaInicial" => "1451" "paginaFinal" => "1462" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18574288" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib9" "etiqueta" => "9." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Manejo urgente del paciente con EPOC descompensada. Medicina de Urgencias: Guía diagnóstica y protocolos de actuación" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "L. Jiménez-Murillo" 1 => "F.J. Montero" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:4 [ "edicion" => "2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> ed." "fecha" => "1999" "editorial" => "Ed. Harcourt" "editorialLocalizacion" => "Madrid" ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib10" "etiqueta" => "10." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The role of hypoventilation and ventilation-perfusion redistribution in oxygen-induced hypercapnia during acute exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "T.D. Robinson" 1 => "D.B. Freiberg" 2 => "J.A. Regnis" 3 => "I.H. Young" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.161.5.9904119" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "161" "paginaInicial" => "1524" "paginaFinal" => "1529" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10806149" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib11" "etiqueta" => "11." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "¿Es segura la nebulización de broncodilatadores con alto flujo de oxígeno en pacientes hipercápnicos?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Núñez-Fernández" 1 => "M.J. Muñoz-Martínez" 2 => "A. Fernández-Villar" 3 => "M.I. Botana" 4 => "M.I. Botana" 5 => "V. Leiro" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pneuma" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "5" "paginaInicial" => "85" "paginaFinal" => "88" ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib12" "etiqueta" => "12." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The science of nebulised drug delivery" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "C. O’Callaghan" 1 => "P.W. Barry" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:8 [ "tituloSerie" => "Thorax" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "52" "numero" => "Suppl 2" "paginaInicial" => "S31" "paginaFinal" => "S44" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9155849" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S073510970600790X" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "07351097" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib13" "etiqueta" => "13." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The safety of oxygen-driven nebulisers in patients with chronic hypoxaemia and hypercapnia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "P. Cameron" 1 => "J. Coleridge" 2 => "J. Epstein" 3 => "H. Teichtahl" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Emerg Med" "fecha" => "1992" "volumen" => "4" "paginaInicial" => "159" "paginaFinal" => "162" ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib14" "etiqueta" => "14." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Acute carbon dioxide narcosis during inhalationals therap‘y with oxygen powered nebulisers in patients with cvhronci airflow limiotation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "T.K. Lim" 1 => "W.C. Tan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Acad Med Singapore" "fecha" => "1985" "volumen" => "14" "paginaInicial" => "439" "paginaFinal" => "441" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4073810" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib15" "etiqueta" => "15." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Is driving oxygen flow rate clinically important for nebulizer therapy in patients with COPD?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "S. Charoenratanakul" 1 => "K. Borrirukwanit" 2 => "S. Lekuthai" 3 => "W. Satayawiwat" 4 => "W. Dejsomritrutai" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Med Assoc Thai" "fecha" => "1995" "volumen" => "78" "paginaInicial" => "670" "paginaFinal" => "676" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8868011" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib16" "etiqueta" => "16." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Normativa sobre la utilización de fármacos inhalados. Normativas SEPAR" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J. Giner" 1 => "L.V. Basualdo" 2 => "P. Casan" 3 => "C. Hernández" 4 => "V. Macián" 5 => "I. Martínez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "36" "paginaInicial" => "34" "paginaFinal" => "43" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10726183" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib17" "etiqueta" => "17." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Higgins S. Oxygen versus medical air for nebulisers in patients with COPD. Evidence Centre Critical Appraisal. Series 2003: Therapy. Clayton (Australia): Monash University; p. 1-8." ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib18" "etiqueta" => "18." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Regulación de la Respiración" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "A.C. Guyton" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:5 [ "titulo" => "Tratado de Fisiología Médica" "paginaInicial" => "567" "paginaFinal" => "578" "edicion" => "9<span class="elsevierStyleSup">th</span> ed." "serieFecha" => "1996" ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib19" "etiqueta" => "19." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Ventilatory control in lung disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "N.R. Anthonisen" 1 => "R.M. Cherniack" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "Regulation of breathing. Part II. Chap 15" "paginaInicial" => "965" "paginaFinal" => "987" "serieFecha" => "1981" ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib20" "etiqueta" => "20." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Does the hypoxic ventilatory response predict the oxygen-induced falls in ventilation in COPD?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "R.B. Berry" 1 => "C.K. Mahutte" 2 => "J.L. Kirsch" 3 => "D.W. Stansbury" 4 => "R.W. Light" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "1993" "volumen" => "103" "paginaInicial" => "820" "paginaFinal" => "824" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8449075" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib21" "etiqueta" => "21." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>-induced change in ventilation and ventilatory drive in COPD" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "C.R. Dick" 1 => "C.S.H. Sassoon" 2 => "R.B. Berry" 3 => "C.K. Mahutte" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.155.2.9032202" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "155" "paginaInicial" => "609" "paginaFinal" => "614" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9032202" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib22" "etiqueta" => "22." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Ventilatory control in patients with hypoxemia due to obstructive lung disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "C.A. Bradley" 1 => "J.A. Fleetham" 2 => "N.R. Anthionisen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/arrd.1979.120.1.21" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am Rev Respir Dis" "fecha" => "1979" "volumen" => "120" "paginaInicial" => "21" "paginaFinal" => "30" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37789" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib23" "etiqueta" => "23." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The effect of low flow oxygen therapy on the chemical control of ventilation in patients with hypoxemic COPD" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "J.A. Fleetham" 1 => "C.A. Bradley" 2 => "M.H. Kryger" 3 => "N.R. Anthionisen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/arrd.1980.122.6.833" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am Rev Respir Dis" "fecha" => "1980" "volumen" => "122" "paginaInicial" => "833" "paginaFinal" => "840" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6779682" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib24" "etiqueta" => "24." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Oxygen-induced hypercarbia in obstructive pulmonary disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "W.F. Dunn" 1 => "S.B. Nelson" 2 => "R.D. Hubmayr" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm/144.3_Pt_1.526" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am Rev Respir Dis" "fecha" => "1991" "volumen" => "144" "paginaInicial" => "526" "paginaFinal" => "530" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1909846" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib25" "etiqueta" => "25." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Respiratory response to CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in acute respiratory failure" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "C. Tardif" 1 => "G. Bonmarchand" 2 => "J.F. Gibon" 3 => "M.F. Hellot" 4 => "J. Leroy" 5 => "P. Pasquis" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "1993" "volumen" => "6" "paginaInicial" => "619" "paginaFinal" => "624" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8519369" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib26" "etiqueta" => "26." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Hyperoxic-induced hypercapnia in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "C.SH. Sassoon" 1 => "K.T. Hassell" 2 => "C.K. Mahutte" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am Rev Respir Dis" "fecha" => "1987" "volumen" => "135" "paginaInicial" => "907" "paginaFinal" => "911" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3565937" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 26 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib27" "etiqueta" => "27." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Mouth occlusion pressure, CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> response and hypercapnia in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "M. Montes de Oca" 1 => "B.R. Cell" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "12" "paginaInicial" => "666" "paginaFinal" => "671" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9762797" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 27 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib28" "etiqueta" => "28." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Mortality in COPD patients discharged from hospital: the role of treatment and co-morbidity" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "G. Gundmunsson" 1 => "T.H. Gislason" 2 => "E. Lindberg" 3 => "R. Hallin" 4 => "C.S. Ulrik" 5 => "E. Brondum" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/1465-9921-7-109" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Respir Res" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "7" "paginaInicial" => "109" "paginaFinal" => "116" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16914029" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 28 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib29" "etiqueta" => "29." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The use of oxygen in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective audit of pre-hospital and hospital emergency management" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "A.K. Denniston" 1 => "C. O’Brien" 2 => "D. Stableforth" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Med" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "449" "paginaFinal" => "451" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12448594" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 29 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib30" "etiqueta" => "30." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "One year period prevalence study of respiratory acidosis in acute exacerbations of COPD: implications for the provision of non-invasive ventilation and oxygen administration" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "P.K. Plant" 1 => "J.L. Owen" 2 => "M.W. Elliott" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Thorax" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "55" "paginaInicial" => "550" "paginaFinal" => "554" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10856313" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0735109703006454" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "07351097" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 30 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib31" "etiqueta" => "31." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effects of the administration of O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> on ventilation and blood gases in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during acute respiratory failure" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Aubier" 1 => "D. Murciano" 2 => "J. Milic-Emili" 3 => "E. Touaty" 4 => "J. Daghfous" 5 => "R. Pariente" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/arrd.1980.122.5.747" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am Rev Respir Dis" "fecha" => "1980" "volumen" => "122" "paginaInicial" => "747" "paginaFinal" => "754" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6778278" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 31 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib32" "etiqueta" => "32." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Oxygen therapy during acute respiratory failure of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J.F. Muir" 1 => "T. Similowski" 2 => "J.P. Derenne" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "Acute Respiratory Failure in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases" "paginaInicial" => "579" "paginaFinal" => "590" "serieFecha" => "1996" ] ] ] ] ] ] 32 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib33" "etiqueta" => "33." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Ventilation-perfusion inequality and carbon dioxide sensitivity in hypoxaemic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and effects of 6 months of long-term oxygen treatment (LTOT)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "K. Sandek" 1 => "T. Bratel" 2 => "G. Hellstrom" 3 => "L. Lagerstrand" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Phsyiol" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "21" "paginaInicial" => "584" "paginaFinal" => "593" "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0735109705004663" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "07351097" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 33 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib34" "etiqueta" => "34." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Reliability of pulse oximetry in titrating supplemental oxygen therapy in ventilator dependent patients" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "A. Jubran" 1 => "M.J. Tobin" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "1990" "volumen" => "97" "paginaInicial" => "1420" "paginaFinal" => "1425" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2347228" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 34 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib35" "etiqueta" => "35." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Initial oxygen management in patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "H.J. Durrington" 1 => "M. Flubacher" 2 => "C.F. Ramsay" 3 => "L.S.G.E. Howard" 4 => "B.D.W. Harrison" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Q J Med" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "98" "paginaInicial" => "499" "paginaFinal" => "504" ] ] ] ] ] ] 35 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib36" "etiqueta" => "36." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Emergency oxygen therapy for COPD patients" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "R. Murphy" 1 => "P. Driscoll" 2 => "R. O’Driscoll" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Emerg Med" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "18" "paginaInicial" => "333" "paginaFinal" => "339" "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0735109709002836" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "07351097" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 36 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib37" "etiqueta" => "37." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Ventilationperfusion mismatching in acute severe asthma: effects of salbutamol and 100% oxygen" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "E. Ballester" 1 => "A. Reyes" 2 => "J. Roca" 3 => "R. Guitart" 4 => "P.D. Wagner" 5 => "R. Rodriguez-Roisin" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Thorax" "fecha" => "1989" "volumen" => "44" "paginaInicial" => "258" "paginaFinal" => "267" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2763227" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 37 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib38" "etiqueta" => "38." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Gas exchange response to short-acting beta2-agonists in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severe exacerbations" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "E. Polverino" 1 => "F.P. Gómez" 2 => "H. Manrique" 3 => "N. Soler" 4 => "J. Roca" 5 => "J.A. Barberà" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/rccm.200612-1864OC" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "176" "paginaInicial" => "350" "paginaFinal" => "355" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17431221" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/15792129/0000004600000005/v1_201305150453/S1579212910700586/v1_201305150453/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "9374" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Original Articles" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/15792129/0000004600000005/v1_201305150453/S1579212910700586/v1_201305150453/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00003Z&text.app=https://archbronconeumol.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212910700586?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| 2024 October | 32 | 17 | 49 |
| 2024 September | 41 | 14 | 55 |
| 2024 August | 50 | 41 | 91 |
| 2024 July | 37 | 35 | 72 |
| 2024 June | 45 | 37 | 82 |
| 2024 May | 45 | 40 | 85 |
| 2024 April | 21 | 35 | 56 |
| 2024 March | 32 | 21 | 53 |
| 2024 February | 26 | 16 | 42 |
| 2023 March | 4 | 6 | 10 |
| 2023 February | 24 | 27 | 51 |
| 2023 January | 27 | 41 | 68 |
| 2022 December | 23 | 38 | 61 |
| 2022 November | 20 | 37 | 57 |
| 2022 October | 37 | 52 | 89 |
| 2022 September | 30 | 38 | 68 |
| 2022 August | 20 | 37 | 57 |
| 2022 July | 26 | 49 | 75 |
| 2022 June | 22 | 47 | 69 |
| 2022 May | 25 | 47 | 72 |
| 2022 April | 17 | 43 | 60 |
| 2022 March | 30 | 53 | 83 |
| 2022 February | 18 | 52 | 70 |
| 2022 January | 21 | 45 | 66 |
| 2021 December | 22 | 68 | 90 |
| 2021 November | 20 | 51 | 71 |
| 2021 October | 20 | 55 | 75 |
| 2021 September | 18 | 60 | 78 |
| 2021 August | 41 | 45 | 86 |
| 2021 July | 13 | 47 | 60 |
| 2021 June | 21 | 42 | 63 |
| 2021 May | 18 | 64 | 82 |
| 2021 April | 31 | 40 | 71 |
| 2021 March | 44 | 28 | 72 |
| 2021 February | 16 | 19 | 35 |
| 2021 January | 10 | 24 | 34 |
| 2020 December | 21 | 19 | 40 |
| 2020 November | 13 | 16 | 29 |
| 2020 October | 15 | 20 | 35 |
| 2020 September | 6 | 6 | 12 |
| 2020 August | 19 | 9 | 28 |
| 2020 July | 10 | 20 | 30 |
| 2020 June | 16 | 9 | 25 |
| 2020 May | 17 | 17 | 34 |
| 2020 April | 14 | 21 | 35 |
| 2020 March | 26 | 8 | 34 |
| 2020 February | 18 | 17 | 35 |
| 2020 January | 22 | 24 | 46 |
| 2019 December | 14 | 15 | 29 |
| 2019 November | 26 | 13 | 39 |
| 2019 October | 14 | 11 | 25 |
| 2019 September | 21 | 21 | 42 |
| 2019 August | 20 | 14 | 34 |
| 2019 July | 19 | 27 | 46 |
| 2019 June | 10 | 14 | 24 |
| 2019 May | 23 | 25 | 48 |
| 2019 April | 39 | 34 | 73 |
| 2019 March | 29 | 26 | 55 |
| 2019 February | 22 | 14 | 36 |
| 2019 January | 6 | 10 | 16 |
| 2018 December | 14 | 8 | 22 |
| 2018 November | 13 | 12 | 25 |
| 2018 October | 9 | 14 | 23 |
| 2018 September | 14 | 10 | 24 |
| 2018 May | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 2018 April | 8 | 6 | 14 |
| 2018 March | 1 | 8 | 9 |
| 2018 February | 9 | 7 | 16 |
| 2018 January | 7 | 13 | 20 |
| 2017 December | 4 | 9 | 13 |
| 2017 November | 5 | 8 | 13 |
| 2017 October | 9 | 18 | 27 |
| 2017 September | 5 | 10 | 15 |
| 2017 August | 9 | 14 | 23 |
| 2017 July | 15 | 28 | 43 |
| 2017 June | 9 | 23 | 32 |
| 2017 May | 4 | 9 | 13 |
| 2017 April | 6 | 7 | 13 |
| 2017 March | 3 | 15 | 18 |
| 2017 February | 5 | 4 | 9 |
| 2017 January | 2 | 5 | 7 |
| 2016 December | 7 | 8 | 15 |
| 2016 November | 15 | 7 | 22 |
| 2016 October | 13 | 17 | 30 |
| 2016 September | 10 | 14 | 24 |
| 2016 August | 19 | 11 | 30 |
| 2016 July | 13 | 6 | 19 |
| 2016 May | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2016 April | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2016 March | 7 | 0 | 7 |
| 2016 February | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| 2016 January | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| 2015 December | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2015 October | 88 | 31 | 119 |
| 2015 September | 98 | 25 | 123 |
| 2015 August | 69 | 22 | 91 |
| 2015 July | 149 | 17 | 166 |
| 2015 June | 94 | 19 | 113 |
| 2015 May | 81 | 30 | 111 |
| 2015 April | 74 | 19 | 93 |
| 2015 March | 87 | 23 | 110 |
| 2015 February | 102 | 20 | 122 |
| 2015 January | 88 | 20 | 108 |
| 2014 December | 72 | 25 | 97 |
| 2014 November | 100 | 22 | 122 |
| 2014 October | 151 | 24 | 175 |
| 2014 September | 250 | 22 | 272 |
| 2014 August | 366 | 20 | 386 |
| 2014 July | 103 | 13 | 116 |
| 2014 June | 82 | 15 | 97 |
| 2014 May | 93 | 23 | 116 |
| 2014 April | 76 | 13 | 89 |
| 2014 March | 105 | 19 | 124 |
| 2014 February | 105 | 15 | 120 |
| 2014 January | 66 | 12 | 78 |
| 2013 December | 75 | 9 | 84 |
| 2013 November | 67 | 5 | 72 |
| 2013 October | 74 | 7 | 81 |
| 2013 September | 76 | 9 | 85 |
| 2013 August | 82 | 9 | 91 |
| 2013 July | 80 | 8 | 88 |
| 2013 June | 61 | 8 | 69 |
| 2013 May | 58 | 8 | 66 |
| 2013 April | 30 | 2 | 32 |
| 2013 March | 8 | 2 | 10 |
Show all
