Original Article
Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Children Under 4 Years of Age With Recurrent Bronchitis
Óxido nítrico exhalado en niños menores de 4 años con bronquitis de repetición
Inés de Mir Messa
, Antonio Moreno Galdó, Nicolás Cobos Barroso, Silvia Gartner, Carlos Martín De Vicente, Santos Liñán Cortés
Corresponding author
Unidad de Neumología Pediátrica y Fibrosis Quística, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Magdalena" "apellidos" => "Rosell-Murphy" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Isabel" "apellidos" => "García-Allas" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Illona" "apellidos" => "Krier" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Emilia" "apellidos" => "Castro" ] 8 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Gloria" "apellidos" => "Cantarell" ] 9 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Miguel" "apellidos" => "Gallego" ] 10 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ramon" "apellidos" => "Orriols" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212909734858?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/15792129/0000004500000009/v1_201305150430/S1579212909734858/v1_201305150430/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:15 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>" "titulo" => "Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Children Under 4 Years of Age With Recurrent Bronchitis" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "442" "paginaFinal" => "448" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Inés de Mir Messa, Antonio Moreno Galdó, Nicolás Cobos Barroso, Silvia Gartner, Carlos Martín De Vicente, Santos Liñán Cortés" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Inés" "apellidos" => "de Mir Messa" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "fernandezdemir@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Antonio Moreno" "apellidos" => "Galdó" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Nicolás Cobos" "apellidos" => "Barroso" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Silvia" "apellidos" => "Gartner" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Carlos Martín" "apellidos" => "De Vicente" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Santos Liñán" "apellidos" => "Cortés" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Neumología Pediátrica y Fibrosis Quística, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Óxido nítrico exhalado en niños menores de 4 años con bronquitis de repetición" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2009-02-08" "fechaAceptado" => "2009-04-02" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec155814" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Markers of bronchial inflammation" 1 => "Exhaled nitric oxide" 2 => "Preschool child" 3 => "Bronchitis" 4 => "Recurrent wheezing" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec155815" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Marcadores de inflamación bronquial" 1 => "Óxido nítrico exhalado" 2 => "Niños" 3 => "Bronquitis" 4 => "Sibilantes recurrentes" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The objective of the study was to assess bronchial inflammation in preschool children with recurrent bronchitis by measuring exhaled nitric oxide.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and Methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The study included patients under 4 years of age with at least 3 episodes of wheezing in the past year (n=63) and a control group (n=30). Exhaled nitric oxide was measured in samples collected offline during spontaneous tidal breathing with a face mask and stored in Mylar balloons.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The fractional exhaled nitric oxide concentration (FE<span class="elsevierStyleInf">NO</span>) was higher in the group with bronchitis (mean [SD], 5.3 [1.3] parts per billion [ppb]) than in the control group (4.6 [1.1] ppb) (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=.02). There was a significant difference between the control group and children in the bronchitis group not treated with inhaled corticosteroids (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><.05), but not between controls and corticosteroid-treated patients. A relationship with eosinophil count was observed in that those with higher counts (>400 mL) had higher FE<span class="elsevierStyleInf">NO</span> levels (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><.01). No relationship was observed between FE<span class="elsevierStyleInf">NO</span> and a positive methacholine challenge test. Follow-up lasted at least 20 months. The initial FE<span class="elsevierStyleInf">NO</span> level did not differ significantly according to whether patients were subsequently transient, infrequent, or frequent wheezers (5.2 [0.98] ppb, 5.6 [1.5] ppb, and 4.8 [1.34] ppb, respectively; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=.36).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In children under 4 years of age with recurrent wheezing bronchitis who were asymptomatic at study entry, a small increase in FE<span class="elsevierStyleInf">NO</span> was observed although there was a good deal of overlap with the control group.</p>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducción</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo del estudio ha sido valorar la inflamación bronquial en niños preescolares con bronquitis de repetición, mediante la determinación del óxido nítrico exhalado.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y métodos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyó en el estudio a pacientes menores de 4 años con antecedentes de 3 episodios de sibilantes en el último año (n = 63), así como un grupo control (n = 30). Se determinó el óxido nítrico exhalado mediante la técnica de recogida <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">off-line</span>, con respiración espontánea a volumen corriente con mascarilla, recogida en bolsa de Mylar.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El grupo con bronquitis presentó como media una fracción de óxido nítrico en aire exhalado (FE<span class="elsevierStyleInf">NO</span>) más elevada (media±desviación estándar: 5,3 ± 1,3 ppb) que el grupo control (4,6 ± 1,1) (p = 0,02). Hubo una diferencia significativa (p < 0,05) entre el grupo control y los niños con bronquitis que no recibían corticoides inhalados, pero no con los que sí los recibían. Se observó una relación con el número de eosinófilos en sangre, de forma que los que tenían valores más elevados (> 400/Ìl) presentaban concentraciones de FE<span class="elsevierStyleInf">NO</span> más altas (p < 0,01). No se apreció relación entre la FE<span class="elsevierStyleInf">NO</span> y el hecho de tener una prueba de provocación bronquial positiva a la metacolina. Se realizó un seguimiento de los pacientes durante más de 20 meses. No hubo diferencias significativas (p = 0,36) en el valor inicial de la FE<span class="elsevierStyleInf">NO</span> entre los pacientes que posteriormente presentaron sibilancias transitorias (5,2 ± 0,98 ppb), infrecuentes (5,6 ± 1,5 ppb) o frecuentes (4,8 ± 1,34 ppb).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los niños menores de 4 años afectados de bronquitis sibilantes de repetición en fase asintomática presentan una discreta elevación de la FE<span class="elsevierStyleInf">NO</span>, con una amplia superposición de valores con el grupo control.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:33 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1." 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
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| 2024 October | 25 | 19 | 44 |
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| 2024 August | 46 | 30 | 76 |
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| 2024 April | 23 | 24 | 47 |
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| 2023 January | 21 | 26 | 47 |
| 2022 December | 18 | 30 | 48 |
| 2022 November | 15 | 24 | 39 |
| 2022 October | 24 | 50 | 74 |
| 2022 September | 25 | 25 | 50 |
| 2022 August | 25 | 46 | 71 |
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| 2022 June | 18 | 33 | 51 |
| 2022 May | 22 | 30 | 52 |
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| 2021 December | 14 | 51 | 65 |
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| 2020 December | 19 | 21 | 40 |
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| 2020 August | 10 | 28 | 38 |
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| 2020 May | 13 | 27 | 40 |
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| 2020 February | 18 | 18 | 36 |
| 2020 January | 13 | 18 | 31 |
| 2019 December | 13 | 11 | 24 |
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| 2019 April | 13 | 37 | 50 |
| 2019 March | 7 | 21 | 28 |
| 2019 February | 4 | 20 | 24 |
| 2019 January | 2 | 15 | 17 |
| 2018 December | 9 | 28 | 37 |
| 2018 November | 10 | 19 | 29 |
| 2018 October | 19 | 20 | 39 |
| 2018 September | 10 | 5 | 15 |
| 2018 May | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| 2018 April | 11 | 3 | 14 |
| 2018 March | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| 2018 February | 8 | 7 | 15 |
| 2018 January | 6 | 3 | 9 |
| 2017 December | 6 | 9 | 15 |
| 2017 November | 4 | 3 | 7 |
| 2017 October | 9 | 13 | 22 |
| 2017 September | 5 | 2 | 7 |
| 2017 August | 9 | 8 | 17 |
| 2017 July | 17 | 13 | 30 |
| 2017 June | 12 | 30 | 42 |
| 2017 May | 5 | 3 | 8 |
| 2017 April | 5 | 3 | 8 |
| 2017 March | 3 | 7 | 10 |
| 2017 February | 5 | 3 | 8 |
| 2017 January | 3 | 6 | 9 |
| 2016 December | 8 | 1 | 9 |
| 2016 November | 15 | 8 | 23 |
| 2016 October | 12 | 10 | 22 |
| 2016 September | 11 | 4 | 15 |
| 2016 August | 8 | 5 | 13 |
| 2016 July | 1 | 4 | 5 |
| 2016 May | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2016 April | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2016 March | 8 | 0 | 8 |
| 2016 February | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| 2016 January | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| 2015 December | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2015 November | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 October | 41 | 7 | 48 |
| 2015 September | 45 | 6 | 51 |
| 2015 August | 35 | 3 | 38 |
| 2015 July | 40 | 7 | 47 |
| 2015 June | 43 | 9 | 52 |
| 2015 May | 48 | 9 | 57 |
| 2015 April | 27 | 11 | 38 |
| 2015 March | 39 | 8 | 47 |
| 2015 February | 29 | 2 | 31 |
| 2015 January | 45 | 11 | 56 |
| 2014 December | 31 | 5 | 36 |
| 2014 November | 54 | 5 | 59 |
| 2014 October | 53 | 7 | 60 |
| 2014 September | 37 | 7 | 44 |
| 2014 August | 36 | 9 | 45 |
| 2014 July | 45 | 8 | 53 |
| 2014 June | 51 | 7 | 58 |
| 2014 May | 45 | 8 | 53 |
| 2014 April | 53 | 7 | 60 |
| 2014 March | 62 | 9 | 71 |
| 2014 February | 41 | 7 | 48 |
| 2014 January | 35 | 5 | 40 |
| 2013 December | 54 | 9 | 63 |
| 2013 November | 51 | 5 | 56 |
| 2013 October | 56 | 7 | 63 |
| 2013 September | 41 | 6 | 47 |
| 2013 August | 52 | 8 | 60 |
| 2013 July | 55 | 10 | 65 |
| 2013 June | 48 | 6 | 54 |
| 2013 May | 32 | 6 | 38 |
| 2013 April | 27 | 6 | 33 |
| 2013 March | 9 | 2 | 11 |
Show all
