Original Article
Economic Cost of Treating the Patient With Asthma in Spain: The AsmaCost Study
Coste económico del paciente asmático en España (estudio AsmaCost)
Eva Martínez-Moragóna,
, Joan Serra-Batllésb, Alfredo De Diegoc, Marta Palopd, Pere Casane, Carlos Rubio-Terrésf, Concepción Pellicerg, on behalf of the AsmaCost Study Group 1
Corresponding author
a Servicio de Neumología, Hospital de Sagunto, Sagunto, Valencia, Spain
b Servicio de Neumología, Hospital General, Vic, Barcelona, Spain
c Servicio de Neumología, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario, Valencia, Spain
d Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
e Servicio de Neumología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
f Health Value, Health Economics and Research of Outcomes Consulting, Madrid, Spain
g Servicio de Neumología, Hospital San Francesc de Borja, Gandia, Valencia, Spain
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"etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Joan" "apellidos" => "Serra-Batllés" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Alfredo" "apellidos" => "De Diego" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Marta" "apellidos" => "Palop" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff4" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Pere" "apellidos" => "Casan" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>" "identificador" => "aff5" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Carlos" "apellidos" => "Rubio-Terrés" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span 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class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff4" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>" "identificador" => "aff5" ] 5 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Health Value, Health Economics and Research of Outcomes Consulting, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">f</span>" "identificador" => "aff6" ] 6 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Hospital San Francesc de Borja, Gandia, Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">g</span>" "identificador" => "aff7" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Coste económico del paciente asmático en España (estudio AsmaCost)" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2009-01-13" "fechaAceptado" => "2009-04-02" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec155467" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Asthma" 1 => "Cost of illness analysis" 2 => "Spain" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec155466" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Asma" 1 => "Coste de la enfermedad" 2 => "España" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This analysis of the cost of asthma in Spain includes both direct health care costs and indirect costs arising from illness.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and Methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Prospective, 12-month observational cohort study of adult patients with asthma diagnosed according to the guidelines of the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) and the adapted Spanish criteria (GEMA). We recorded information on health care resources utilized (medications, medical visits, emergency care, hospital admissions, and tests) and indirect costs (patient travel or transfer costs and workdays lost).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 627 patients throughout Spain were studied. Of these, 21.2% had intermittent asthma, 24.6% mild asthma, 27.6% moderate asthma, and 26.6% severe asthma. The total societal cost of asthma (including indirect costs) was €1726 (95% confidence interval [CI], €1314-€2154) per patient annually. Indirect costs accounted for 11.2% of the total. The cost to the National Health Service was €1533 (95% CI, €1133-€1946) per patient annually. The cost of asthma was higher for patients older than 65 years (€2079) and for those with more severe disease (€959 for intermittent asthma; €1598, mild asthma; €1553, moderate asthma; and €2635 severe asthma). Based on these findings, the total annual cost of asthma in Spain is estimated to be €1480 million (95% CI, €382-€2565 million) for patients with demonstrated bronchial hyperreactivity and €3022 million (95% CI, €2472-€3535 million) for patients diagnosed based on symptoms alone.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The average annual cost of asthma in adults in Spain comes to €1726 per patient, considering both direct and indirect costs from a societal perspective. The average annual cost per patient to the National Health Service is €1533.</p>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducción</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se ha realizado un estudio del consumo de recursos y de los costes derivados, tanto sanitarios como no sanitarios, en el paciente asmático en España.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y métodos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se trata de un estudio prospectivo y observacional de cohortes, en pacientes asmáticos adultos, diagnosticados según los criterios de GINA/GEMA y seguidos durante 12 meses. Se recogieron datos sobre recursos sanitarios (consumo de medicamentos, consultas médicas, visitas a urgencias, ingresos hospitalarios y pruebas) y no sanitarios (desplazamientos de los pacientes y pérdidas de jornadas laborales).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Participaron 627 pacientes de toda España, con asma intermitente (21,2%), leve (24,6%), moderada (27,6%) y grave (26,6%). Desde la perspectiva de la sociedad (incluyendo los recursos no sanitarios), el coste anual de un paciente con asma asciende a 1.726 € (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 1.314-2.154). El 11,2% del gasto corresponde a recursos no sanitarios. Para el Sistema Nacional de Salud el gasto por paciente es de 1.533 € (IC del 95%, 1.133-1.946). El coste es superior en los pacientes mayores de 65 años (2.079 €) y en aquéllos con asma de mayor gravedad (959; 1.598; 1.553, y 2.635 € para asma intermitente, leve, moderada y grave, respectivamente). De acuerdo con estos resultados, se estima que el coste anual del asma en España es de 1.480 millones de euros (IC del 95%, 382-2.565 millones) y de 3.022 millones de euros (IC del 95%, 2.472-3.535 millones) considerando el diagnóstico por hiperreactividad bronquial y sólo sintomático, respectivamente.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El coste anual medio del paciente asmático adulto en España asciende a 1.726 y a 1.533 € desde la perspectiva de la sociedad y del Sistema Nacional de Salud, respectivamente.</p>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "etiqueta" => "1" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">The AsmaCost Study Group members are listed at the end of the article.</p>" "identificador" => "fn1" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:40 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1." 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| 2024 October | 26 | 19 | 45 |
| 2024 September | 19 | 15 | 34 |
| 2024 August | 37 | 29 | 66 |
| 2024 July | 24 | 22 | 46 |
| 2024 June | 23 | 22 | 45 |
| 2024 May | 43 | 24 | 67 |
| 2024 April | 15 | 23 | 38 |
| 2024 March | 17 | 12 | 29 |
| 2024 February | 19 | 18 | 37 |
| 2023 June | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2023 March | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2023 February | 17 | 26 | 43 |
| 2023 January | 18 | 29 | 47 |
| 2022 December | 21 | 33 | 54 |
| 2022 November | 19 | 18 | 37 |
| 2022 October | 29 | 42 | 71 |
| 2022 September | 15 | 19 | 34 |
| 2022 August | 26 | 47 | 73 |
| 2022 July | 22 | 45 | 67 |
| 2022 June | 21 | 40 | 61 |
| 2022 May | 14 | 41 | 55 |
| 2022 April | 18 | 54 | 72 |
| 2022 March | 22 | 62 | 84 |
| 2022 February | 15 | 36 | 51 |
| 2022 January | 14 | 43 | 57 |
| 2021 December | 18 | 58 | 76 |
| 2021 November | 20 | 66 | 86 |
| 2021 October | 18 | 76 | 94 |
| 2021 September | 18 | 76 | 94 |
| 2021 August | 16 | 54 | 70 |
| 2021 July | 12 | 44 | 56 |
| 2021 June | 16 | 53 | 69 |
| 2021 May | 13 | 29 | 42 |
| 2021 April | 32 | 137 | 169 |
| 2021 March | 30 | 23 | 53 |
| 2021 February | 15 | 20 | 35 |
| 2021 January | 14 | 29 | 43 |
| 2020 December | 9 | 33 | 42 |
| 2020 November | 7 | 15 | 22 |
| 2020 October | 6 | 12 | 18 |
| 2020 September | 13 | 7 | 20 |
| 2020 August | 12 | 8 | 20 |
| 2020 July | 9 | 17 | 26 |
| 2020 June | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| 2020 May | 13 | 19 | 32 |
| 2020 April | 17 | 14 | 31 |
| 2020 March | 11 | 8 | 19 |
| 2020 February | 13 | 15 | 28 |
| 2020 January | 11 | 16 | 27 |
| 2019 December | 13 | 16 | 29 |
| 2019 November | 12 | 17 | 29 |
| 2019 October | 5 | 8 | 13 |
| 2019 September | 9 | 23 | 32 |
| 2019 August | 11 | 5 | 16 |
| 2019 July | 7 | 22 | 29 |
| 2019 June | 8 | 13 | 21 |
| 2019 May | 14 | 20 | 34 |
| 2019 April | 7 | 28 | 35 |
| 2019 March | 13 | 18 | 31 |
| 2019 February | 6 | 16 | 22 |
| 2019 January | 3 | 14 | 17 |
| 2018 December | 13 | 12 | 25 |
| 2018 November | 35 | 14 | 49 |
| 2018 October | 43 | 18 | 61 |
| 2018 September | 21 | 7 | 28 |
| 2018 May | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| 2018 April | 3 | 5 | 8 |
| 2018 March | 7 | 1355 | 1362 |
| 2018 February | 6 | 9 | 15 |
| 2018 January | 3 | 7 | 10 |
| 2017 December | 7 | 7 | 14 |
| 2017 November | 4 | 3 | 7 |
| 2017 October | 6 | 7 | 13 |
| 2017 September | 4 | 17 | 21 |
| 2017 August | 8 | 15 | 23 |
| 2017 July | 14 | 14 | 28 |
| 2017 June | 11 | 14 | 25 |
| 2017 May | 6 | 10 | 16 |
| 2017 April | 4 | 5 | 9 |
| 2017 March | 3 | 40 | 43 |
| 2017 February | 5 | 3 | 8 |
| 2017 January | 2 | 5 | 7 |
| 2016 December | 7 | 8 | 15 |
| 2016 November | 11 | 10 | 21 |
| 2016 October | 8 | 16 | 24 |
| 2016 September | 6 | 12 | 18 |
| 2016 August | 6 | 2 | 8 |
| 2016 July | 8 | 3 | 11 |
| 2016 May | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2016 April | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2016 March | 8 | 0 | 8 |
| 2016 February | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| 2016 January | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| 2015 December | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2015 October | 43 | 11 | 54 |
| 2015 September | 43 | 9 | 52 |
| 2015 August | 42 | 9 | 51 |
| 2015 July | 63 | 6 | 69 |
| 2015 June | 36 | 8 | 44 |
| 2015 May | 47 | 11 | 58 |
| 2015 April | 33 | 5 | 38 |
| 2015 March | 30 | 10 | 40 |
| 2015 February | 41 | 6 | 47 |
| 2015 January | 24 | 7 | 31 |
| 2014 December | 33 | 7 | 40 |
| 2014 November | 26 | 6 | 32 |
| 2014 October | 39 | 8 | 47 |
| 2014 September | 31 | 8 | 39 |
| 2014 August | 45 | 16 | 61 |
| 2014 July | 37 | 11 | 48 |
| 2014 June | 45 | 9 | 54 |
| 2014 May | 81 | 13 | 94 |
| 2014 April | 61 | 6 | 67 |
| 2014 March | 77 | 16 | 93 |
| 2014 February | 45 | 13 | 58 |
| 2014 January | 42 | 8 | 50 |
| 2013 December | 45 | 7 | 52 |
| 2013 November | 46 | 6 | 52 |
| 2013 October | 40 | 13 | 53 |
| 2013 September | 39 | 6 | 45 |
| 2013 August | 46 | 17 | 63 |
| 2013 July | 48 | 13 | 61 |
| 2013 June | 44 | 10 | 54 |
| 2013 May | 44 | 8 | 52 |
| 2013 April | 17 | 10 | 27 |
| 2013 March | 8 | 7 | 15 |
Show all
