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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and polysomnographic features of rapid eye movement &#40;REM&#41;&#8211;specific sleep disordered-breathing &#40;SDB&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and Methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">All cases of sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome &#40;SAHS&#41; &#40;apnea-hypopnea index &#91;AHI&#93; &#8805; 10&#47;h&#41; diagnosed using over night polysomnography during the period 2004 to 2006 were analyzed retrospectively&#46; Those cases in which the ratio of AHI during REM sleep to AHI during non-REM sleep was more than 2 were classified as REM-specific SDB&#46; We recorded the following data&#58; clinical signs and symptoms related to SAHS&#44; PSG results&#44; cardiovascular risk factors&#44; and previous cardiovascular events&#46; Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of REM-specific SDB and to analyze the possible interactions between variables&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 419 patients were analyzed&#44; of whom 138 &#40;32&#46;9&#37;&#41; presented REM-specific SDB&#46; This condition was more common in patients with mild to moderate SAHS than in those with more severe cases &#40;odds ratio&#44; 8&#46;21&#59; 95&#37; confidence interval&#44; 4&#46;83&#8211;14&#46;03&#41;&#46; The variables independently associated with REM-specific SDB in the logistic regression analysis were female sex&#44; lower AHI&#44; and higher body mass index&#46; No interactions between the main variables studied were found&#46; There were no differences between patients with REM-specific SDB and those with non-REM-specific SDB with regard to signs and symptoms related to SAHS&#44; excessive daytime sleepiness&#44; sleep architecture&#44; cardiovascular risk factors&#44; or history of cardiovascular episodes&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducci&#243;n</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar las caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas y polisomnogr&#225;ficas del s&#237;ndrome de apneas-hipopneas durante el sue&#241;o &#40;SAHS&#41; localizado en la fase REM &#40;SAHS-REM&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y m&#233;todos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se han analizado retrospectivamente todos los casos de SAHS &#8211;&#237;ndice de apneashipopneas &#40;IAH&#41; &#8805; 10&#47;h&#8211; diagnosticados mediante polisomnograf&#237;a completa en el per&#237;odo 2004&#8211;2006&#46; Se catalogaron como SAHS-REM aquellos en que la raz&#243;n IAH-REM&#47;IAH-no REM fue mayor de 2&#46; De todos los pacientes se recogieron los siguientes datos&#58; cl&#237;nica de SAHS&#44; resultados de la polisomnograf&#237;a&#44; factores de riesgo cardiovascular y eventos cardiovasculares previos&#46; Se realiz&#243; un an&#225;lisis de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica para identificar las variables predictoras de SAHS-REM&#44; as&#237; como para analizar posibles interacciones entre variables&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se analizaron en total 419 casos&#44; de los que 138 &#40;32&#44;9&#37;&#41; presentaban SAHS-REM&#46; Esta entidad fue m&#225;s frecuente en pacientes con SAHS leve-moderado que en los casos graves &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span> &#61; 8&#44;21&#59; intervalo de confianza del 95&#37;&#44; 4&#44;83-14&#44;03&#41;&#46; En el an&#225;lisis de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica&#44; las variables que se asociaron de forma independiente al SAHS-REM fueron el sexo femenino&#44; un menor IAH y un mayor &#237;ndice de masa corporal&#44; y no se detectaron interacciones entre las principales variables estudiadas&#46; No se encontraron diferencias entre los pacientes con SAHS-REM y SAHS-no REM en cuanto a la cl&#237;nica del SAHS&#44; hipersomnia diurna subjetiva&#44; estructura de sue&#241;o&#44; factores de riesgo cardiovascular o antecedentes de episodios cardiovasculares&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El SAHS-REM podr&#237;a considerarse un estadio inicial del SAHS&#44; que acontece preferentemente en mujeres obesas con trastorno del sue&#241;o leve-moderado y que carece de caracter&#237;sticas espec&#237;ficas en cuanto a presentaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica&#44; estructura de sue&#241;o o comorbilidad cardiovascular&#46;</p>"
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Original Article
Clinical and Polysomnographic Features of Rapid Eye Movement–Specific Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Características clínicas y polisomnográficas del síndrome de apneas durante el sueño localizado en la fase REM
Francisco Campos-Rodrígueza,
Corresponding author
fcamposr@telefonica.net

Corresponding author.
, Ana Fernández-Palacínb, Nuria Reyes-Núñeza, Ángela Reina-Gonzáleza
a Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
b Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
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            2 => "Hipersomnia diurna"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and polysomnographic features of rapid eye movement &#40;REM&#41;&#8211;specific sleep disordered-breathing &#40;SDB&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and Methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">All cases of sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome &#40;SAHS&#41; &#40;apnea-hypopnea index &#91;AHI&#93; &#8805; 10&#47;h&#41; diagnosed using over night polysomnography during the period 2004 to 2006 were analyzed retrospectively&#46; Those cases in which the ratio of AHI during REM sleep to AHI during non-REM sleep was more than 2 were classified as REM-specific SDB&#46; We recorded the following data&#58; clinical signs and symptoms related to SAHS&#44; PSG results&#44; cardiovascular risk factors&#44; and previous cardiovascular events&#46; Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of REM-specific SDB and to analyze the possible interactions between variables&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 419 patients were analyzed&#44; of whom 138 &#40;32&#46;9&#37;&#41; presented REM-specific SDB&#46; This condition was more common in patients with mild to moderate SAHS than in those with more severe cases &#40;odds ratio&#44; 8&#46;21&#59; 95&#37; confidence interval&#44; 4&#46;83&#8211;14&#46;03&#41;&#46; The variables independently associated with REM-specific SDB in the logistic regression analysis were female sex&#44; lower AHI&#44; and higher body mass index&#46; No interactions between the main variables studied were found&#46; There were no differences between patients with REM-specific SDB and those with non-REM-specific SDB with regard to signs and symptoms related to SAHS&#44; excessive daytime sleepiness&#44; sleep architecture&#44; cardiovascular risk factors&#44; or history of cardiovascular episodes&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducci&#243;n</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar las caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas y polisomnogr&#225;ficas del s&#237;ndrome de apneas-hipopneas durante el sue&#241;o &#40;SAHS&#41; localizado en la fase REM &#40;SAHS-REM&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y m&#233;todos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se han analizado retrospectivamente todos los casos de SAHS &#8211;&#237;ndice de apneashipopneas &#40;IAH&#41; &#8805; 10&#47;h&#8211; diagnosticados mediante polisomnograf&#237;a completa en el per&#237;odo 2004&#8211;2006&#46; Se catalogaron como SAHS-REM aquellos en que la raz&#243;n IAH-REM&#47;IAH-no REM fue mayor de 2&#46; De todos los pacientes se recogieron los siguientes datos&#58; cl&#237;nica de SAHS&#44; resultados de la polisomnograf&#237;a&#44; factores de riesgo cardiovascular y eventos cardiovasculares previos&#46; Se realiz&#243; un an&#225;lisis de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica para identificar las variables predictoras de SAHS-REM&#44; as&#237; como para analizar posibles interacciones entre variables&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se analizaron en total 419 casos&#44; de los que 138 &#40;32&#44;9&#37;&#41; presentaban SAHS-REM&#46; Esta entidad fue m&#225;s frecuente en pacientes con SAHS leve-moderado que en los casos graves &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span> &#61; 8&#44;21&#59; intervalo de confianza del 95&#37;&#44; 4&#44;83-14&#44;03&#41;&#46; En el an&#225;lisis de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica&#44; las variables que se asociaron de forma independiente al SAHS-REM fueron el sexo femenino&#44; un menor IAH y un mayor &#237;ndice de masa corporal&#44; y no se detectaron interacciones entre las principales variables estudiadas&#46; No se encontraron diferencias entre los pacientes con SAHS-REM y SAHS-no REM en cuanto a la cl&#237;nica del SAHS&#44; hipersomnia diurna subjetiva&#44; estructura de sue&#241;o&#44; factores de riesgo cardiovascular o antecedentes de episodios cardiovasculares&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El SAHS-REM podr&#237;a considerarse un estadio inicial del SAHS&#44; que acontece preferentemente en mujeres obesas con trastorno del sue&#241;o leve-moderado y que carece de caracter&#237;sticas espec&#237;ficas en cuanto a presentaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica&#44; estructura de sue&#241;o o comorbilidad cardiovascular&#46;</p>"
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                      "titulo" => "Gender difference in sleep profile of severely obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea &#40;OSA&#41;"
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                      "titulo" => "The association between daytime sleepiness and sleep-disordered breathing in NREM and REM Sleep"
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