Original Article
Phenotypic Characterization and Course of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the PAC-COPD Study: Design and Methods
Caracterización fenotípica y evolución de la EPOC en el estudio PAC-COPD: diseño y metodología
Judith Garcia-Aymericha,
, Federico P. Gómezb, Josep M. Antóa, on behalf of the PAC-COPD research group
Corresponding author
a Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Institut Municipal d’Investigació Mèdica-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
b Servei de Pneumologia, Institut del Tòrax, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Barcelona, Spain
Read
4522
Timeswas read the article
1943
Total PDF
2579
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:23 [ "pii" => "S1579212909717811" "issn" => "15792129" "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(09)71781-1" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2009-01-01" "aid" => "71781" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica" "copyrightAnyo" => "2009" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2009;45:4-11" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2415 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 112 "HTML" => 1599 "PDF" => 704 ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1579212909717823" "issn" => "15792129" "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(09)71782-3" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2009-01-01" "aid" => "71782" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2009;45:12-5" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2165 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 91 "HTML" => 1495 "PDF" => 579 ] ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>" "titulo" => "Interleukin 8 Concentrations in Donor Bronchoalveolar Lavage: Impact on Primary Graft Failure in Double Lung Transplant" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "12" "paginaFinal" => "15" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Interleucina-8 en el lavado broncoalveolar del donante y su impacto en la disfunción primaria del injerto en el trasplante bipulmonar" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "María Almenar, José Cerón, M. Dolores Gómez, Juan C. Peñalver, M. José Jiménez, José Padilla" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "María" "apellidos" => "Almenar" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "José" "apellidos" => "Cerón" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M. Dolores" "apellidos" => "Gómez" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Juan C." "apellidos" => "Peñalver" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M. José" "apellidos" => "Jiménez" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "José" "apellidos" => "Padilla" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212909717823?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/15792129/0000004500000001/v1_201305150402/S1579212909717823/v1_201305150402/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S157921290971780X" "issn" => "15792129" "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(09)71780-X" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2009-01-01" "aid" => "71780" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "edi" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2009;45:2-3" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2004 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 84 "HTML" => 1304 "PDF" => 616 ] ] "en" => array:9 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial</span>" "titulo" => "Relations Between Respiratory Medicine and the Pharmaceutical Industry" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "2" "paginaFinal" => "3" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Relación de la neumología con la industria farmacéutica" ] ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Xavier Ribera" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Xavier" "apellidos" => "Ribera" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S157921290971780X?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/15792129/0000004500000001/v1_201305150402/S157921290971780X/v1_201305150402/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:15 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>" "titulo" => "Phenotypic Characterization and Course of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the PAC-COPD Study: Design and Methods" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "4" "paginaFinal" => "11" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Federico P. Gómez, Josep M. Antó" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Judith" "apellidos" => "Garcia-Aymerich" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "jgarcia@creal.cat" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Federico P." "apellidos" => "Gómez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Josep M." "apellidos" => "Antó" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] ] ] 3 => array:1 [ "colaborador" => "on behalf of the PAC-COPD research group" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Institut Municipal d’Investigació Mèdica-Hospital del Mar, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servei de Pneumologia, Institut del Tòrax, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Caracterización fenotípica y evolución de la EPOC en el estudio PAC-COPD: diseño y metodología" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2007-12-15" "fechaAceptado" => "2008-03-25" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec155423" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Epidemiology" 1 => "Phenotype" 2 => "COPD" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec155424" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Epidemiología" 1 => "Fenotipo" 2 => "EPOC" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background and Objectives</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The Phenotype and Course of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (PAC-COPD) study aims to improve our understanding of the phenotypic heterogeneity of this disease and the extent to which this heterogeneity is related to clinical course. The main objectives are <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a)</span> to characterize the phenotypic variability in first-time hospitalizations for exacerbation of COPD and to propose a classification into subtypes, and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b)</span> to ascertain the association between the defined subtypes and the clinical and functional course of COPD.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and Methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This is a cross-sectional and cohort study of 342 patients with COPD from 9 tertiary hospitals in 3 autonomous communities. The minimum follow-up period is 5 years. The main variables of interest are respiratory symptoms, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, use of health care services, medical care, treatment received, activities of daily living, comorbid conditions, sleepiness, anxiety and depression, quality of life, forced spirometry and bronchodilator tests, lung volume and inspiratory capacity measured by body plethysmography, carbon monoxide diffusing capacity, baseline arterial blood gas values, respiratory and peripheral muscle function, electrocardiogram, body weight and composition measured by bioelectric impedance, chest radiograph, skin prick test, capacity for exercise measured in the 6-minute walk test and cardiopulmonary exercise test, induced sputum (for quantitative microbiological culture and determination of inflammatory markers), nighttime pulse oximetry, chest computed tomography scan, and echocardiography. Levels of markers of inflammation and oxidative stress are measured in serum and plasma; these samples are also used for genetic analysis and will be stored for other possible measurements that might be required in the future. The statistical analysis combines factor analysis and survival models such as Cox regression analysis. This project will enable us to reconsider the definition and classification of COPD and to better understand the factors associated with its natural history.</p>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducción y objetivos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El estudio Caracterización Fenotípica y Evolución de la Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica (PAC-COPD) pretende mejorar la comprensión de la heterogeneidad fenotípica de esta enfermedad y el grado en que dicha heterogeneidad se relaciona con su evolución. Los principales objetivos son: <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a)</span> caracterizar la variabilidad fenotípica de las personas que ingresan por primera vez por agudización de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) y proponer una clasificación en subtipos, y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b)</span> estimar la asociación entre los subtipos definidos y la evolución clínica y funcional de la EPOC.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y método</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El diseño de investigación incluye un estudio transversal y un estudio de seguimiento de una cohorte de 342 pacientes con EPOC procedentes de 9 hospitales terciarios de 3 comunidades autónomas. El período de seguimiento abarca un mínimo de 5 años. Las principales medidas que se determinarán son las siguientes: síntomas respiratorios, tabaco, alcohol, actividad física, utilización de servicios sanitarios, atención médica, tratamientos recibidos, actividades de la vida diaria, comorbilidades, somnolencia, ansiedad y depresión, calidad de vida, espirometría forzada y prueba broncodilatadora, pletismografía corporal con volúmenes pulmonares y capacidad inspiratoria, capacidad de transferencia del monóxido de carbono, gasometría arterial basal, función de músculos respiratorios y periféricos, electrocardiograma, peso y composición nutricional mediante impedanciometría bioeléctrica, radiografía de tórax, pruebas cutáneas de alergia, capacidad de ejercicio según la prueba de la marcha de 6 min y prueba de ejercicio cardiopulmonar, esputo inducido (para cultivo microbiológico cuantitativo y determinación de marcadores de inflamación), pulsioximetría nocturna, tomografía computarizada pulmonar y ecocardiografía. Además, se obtienen muestras de suero y plasma para la medición de marcadores inflamatorios y de estrés oxidativo, análisis genéticos y otras posibles mediciones que puedan plantearse en el futuro. Para el análisis estadístico de los resultados se combinará el análisis factorial con modelos de supervivencia como la regresión de Cox. El proyecto permitirá replantear la definición y clasificación de la EPOC, así como comprender mejor los factores asociados a su evolución.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:54 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "C.D. Mathers" 1 => "D. Loncar" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1371/journal.pmed.0030442" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "PLoS Med" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "e442" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17132052" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2" "etiqueta" => "2." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "International variation in the prevalence of COPD (the BOLD Study): a populationbased prevalence study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A.S. Buist" 1 => "M.A. McBurnie" 2 => "W.M. Vollmer" 3 => "S. Gillespie" 4 => "P. Burney" 5 => "D.M. Mannino" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61377-4" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lancet" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "370" "paginaInicial" => "741" "paginaFinal" => "750" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17765523" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib3" "etiqueta" => "3." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "J.M. Antó" 1 => "P. Vermeire" 2 => "J. Vestbo" 3 => "J. Sunyer" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "17" "paginaInicial" => "982" "paginaFinal" => "994" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11488336" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib4" "etiqueta" => "4." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "GOLD Scientific Committee. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Workshop summary" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "R.A. Pauwels" 1 => "A.S. Buist" 2 => "P.M. Calverley" 3 => "C.R. Jenkins" 4 => "S.S. Hurd" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.163.5.2101039" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "163" "paginaInicial" => "1256" "paginaFinal" => "1276" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11316667" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib5" "etiqueta" => "5." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "ATS/ERS Task Force Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS/ERS position paper" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "B.R. Celli" 1 => "W. MacNee" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "23" "paginaInicial" => "932" "paginaFinal" => "946" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15219010" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib6" "etiqueta" => "6." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "P.M.A. Calverley" 1 => "P. Walker" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lancet" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "362" "paginaInicial" => "1053" "paginaFinal" => "1061" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14522537" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib7" "etiqueta" => "7." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Impacto de la EPOC en la vida diaria de los pacientes. Resultados del estudio multicéntrico EIME" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "F.J. Álvarez-Gutiérrez" 1 => "M. Miravitlles" 2 => "M. Calle" 3 => "E. Gobartt" 4 => "F. López" 5 => "A. Martín" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "43" "paginaInicial" => "64" "paginaFinal" => "72" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17288894" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib8" "etiqueta" => "8." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Estado funcional y supervivencia de los pacientes con EPOC tras rehabilitación respiratoria" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M.V. López Varela" 1 => "T. Anido" 2 => "M. Larrosa" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "42" "paginaInicial" => "434" "paginaFinal" => "439" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17040658" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib9" "etiqueta" => "9." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "El papel de las exacerbaciones en la historia natural de la EPOC" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "J.J. Soler Cataluña" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "43" "paginaInicial" => "55" "paginaFinal" => "58" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17288892" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib10" "etiqueta" => "10." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Factores de riesgo de mortalidad en la EPOC" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "I. Solanes" 1 => "P. Casan" 2 => "M. Sangenís" 3 => "N. Calaf" 4 => "B. Giraldo" 5 => "R. Güell" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "43" "paginaInicial" => "445" "paginaFinal" => "449" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17692245" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib11" "etiqueta" => "11." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Factores pronósticos en la EPOC" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J.J. Soler Cataluña" 1 => "M.A. Martínez García" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "43" "paginaInicial" => "680" "paginaFinal" => "691" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18053546" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib12" "etiqueta" => "12." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity index in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "B.R. Celli" 1 => "D.G. Cote" 2 => "J.M. Marín" 3 => "C. Casanova" 4 => "M. Montes de Oca" 5 => "R.A. Méndez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa021322" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "350" "paginaInicial" => "1005" "paginaFinal" => "1012" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14999112" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib13" "etiqueta" => "13." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Asthma: defining of the persistent adult phenotypes" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "S.E. Wenzel" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69290-8" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lancet" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "368" "paginaInicial" => "804" "paginaFinal" => "813" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16935691" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib14" "etiqueta" => "14." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Terminología en lesiones endobronquiales sospechosas de neoplasia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "E. Benigno Arribalzaga" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "43" "paginaInicial" => "640" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17983552" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib15" "etiqueta" => "15." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Antibiotic therapy in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "N.R. Anthonisen" 1 => "J. Manfreda" 2 => "C.P. Warren" 3 => "E.S. Hershfield" 4 => "G.K. Harding" 5 => "N.A. Nelson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Intern Med" "fecha" => "1987" "volumen" => "106" "paginaInicial" => "196" "paginaFinal" => "204" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3492164" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib16" "etiqueta" => "16." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "“Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M.F. Folstein" 1 => "S.E. Folstein" 2 => "P. McHugh" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Psy Res" "fecha" => "1975" "volumen" => "12" "paginaInicial" => "189" "paginaFinal" => "198" ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib17" "etiqueta" => "17." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Clinical validity of the “mini-mental state” for Spanish speaking communities" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "R. Blesa" 1 => "M. Pujol" 2 => "M. Aguilar" 3 => "P. Santacruz" 4 => "I. Bertran-Serra" 5 => "G. Hernández" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Neuropsychologia" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "39" "paginaInicial" => "1150" "paginaFinal" => "1157" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11527552" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib18" "etiqueta" => "18." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Risk factors for hospitalization for a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation. EFRAM study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J. Garcia-Aymerich" 1 => "E. Monsó" 2 => "R.M. Marrades" 3 => "J. Escarrabill" 4 => "M.A. Félez" 5 => "J. Sunyer" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.164.6.2006012" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "164" "paginaInicial" => "1002" "paginaFinal" => "1007" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11587986" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib19" "etiqueta" => "19." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Differences in COPD care among doctors who control the disease: general practitioner vs. pneumologist" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J. Garcia-Aymerich" 1 => "J. Escarrabill" 2 => "R.M. Marrades" 3 => "E. Monso" 4 => "E. Barreiro" 5 => "J.M. Antó" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.rmed.2005.04.021" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Respir Med" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "100" "paginaInicial" => "332" "paginaFinal" => "339" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15939580" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib20" "etiqueta" => "20." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Risk factors of readmission to hospital for a COPD exacerbation: a prospective study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J. Garcia-Aymerich" 1 => "E. Farrero" 2 => "M.A. Félez" 3 => "J. Izquierdo" 4 => "R.M. Marrades" 5 => "J.M. Antó" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Thorax" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "58" "paginaInicial" => "100" "paginaFinal" => "105" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12554887" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib21" "etiqueta" => "21." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Patients hospitalized for COPD have a high prevalence of modifiable risk factors for exacerbation (EFRAM study)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J. Garcia-Aymerich" 1 => "E. Barreiro" 2 => "E. Farrero" 3 => "R.M. Marrades" 4 => "J. Morera" 5 => "J.M. Antó" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "16" "paginaInicial" => "1037" "paginaFinal" => "1042" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11292102" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib22" "etiqueta" => "22." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Relationship between chronic dyspnea and expiratory flow limitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "L. Eltayara" 1 => "M.R. Becklake" 2 => "C.A. Volta" 3 => "J. Milic-Emili" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.154.6.8970362" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "154" "paginaInicial" => "1726" "paginaFinal" => "1734" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8970362" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib23" "etiqueta" => "23." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Enquesta de Salut de Barcelona 1986" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J. Alonso" 1 => "J.M. Antó" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:3 [ "fecha" => "1989" "editorial" => "Publicacions de l’ Ajuntament de Barcelona" "editorialLocalizacion" => "Barcelona" ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib24" "etiqueta" => "24." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The European Community Respiratory Health Survey" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "P.G. Burney" 1 => "C. Luczynska" 2 => "S. Chinn" 3 => "D. Jarvis" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "1994" "volumen" => "7" "paginaInicial" => "954" "paginaFinal" => "960" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8050554" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib25" "etiqueta" => "25." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Smoking and bladder cancer in Spain: effects of tobacco type, timing, environmental tobacco smoke, and gender" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "C. Samanic" 1 => "M. Kogevinas" 2 => "M. Dosemeci" 3 => "N. Malats" 4 => "F.X. Real" 5 => "M. García-Closas" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0021" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "15" "paginaInicial" => "1348" "paginaFinal" => "1354" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16835335" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib26" "etiqueta" => "26." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A survey for assessing physical activity among older adults" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "L. Dipietro" 1 => "C.J. Caspersen" 2 => "A.M. Ostfeld" 3 => "E.R. Nadel" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Med Sci Sports Exerc" "fecha" => "1993" "volumen" => "25" "paginaInicial" => "628" "paginaFinal" => "642" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8492692" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 26 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib27" "etiqueta" => "27." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Validity and reliability of the Yale Physical Activity Survey in Spanish elderly" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "S. De Abajo" 1 => "R. Larriba" 2 => "S. Márquez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Sports Med Phys Fitness" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "41" "paginaInicial" => "479" "paginaFinal" => "485" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11687767" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 27 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib28" "etiqueta" => "28." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Validation of a combined comorbidity index" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M. Charlson" 1 => "T.P. Szatrowski" 2 => "J. Peterson" 3 => "J. Gold" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Epidemiol" "fecha" => "1994" "volumen" => "47" "paginaInicial" => "1245" "paginaFinal" => "1251" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7722560" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 28 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib29" "etiqueta" => "29." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Validation of a vertical visual analogue scale as a measure of clinical dyspnea" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "A.G. Gift" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rehab Nurs" "fecha" => "1989" "volumen" => "14" "paginaInicial" => "323" "paginaFinal" => "325" ] ] ] ] ] ] 29 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib30" "etiqueta" => "30." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Validity and reliability of the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire after adaptation to a different language and culture: the Spanish example" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Ferrer" 1 => "J. Alonso" 2 => "L. Prieto" 3 => "V. Plaza" 4 => "R. Marrades" 5 => "M.C. Aguar" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "9" "paginaInicial" => "1160" "paginaFinal" => "1166" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8804932" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 30 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib31" "etiqueta" => "31." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The St George's Respiratory Questionnaire" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "P.W. Jones" 1 => "F.H. Quirk" 2 => "C.M. Baveystock" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Respir Med" "fecha" => "1991" "volumen" => "85" "numero" => "Suppl B" "paginaInicial" => "25" "paginaFinal" => "31" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1759018" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 31 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib32" "etiqueta" => "32." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Functional evaluation: the Barthel Index" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "F. Mahoney" 1 => "D. Barthel" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Md State Med J" "fecha" => "1965" "volumen" => "14" "paginaInicial" => "61" "paginaFinal" => "65" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5832033" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 32 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib33" "etiqueta" => "33." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Medida del impacto de los trastornos del sueño: las versiones españolas del cuestionario del impacto funcional del sueño y de la escala de somnolencia de Epworth" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Ferrer" 1 => "G. Vilagut" 2 => "C. Monasterio" 3 => "J.M. Montserrat" 4 => "M. Mayos" 5 => "J. Alonso" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin (Barc)" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "113" "paginaInicial" => "250" "paginaFinal" => "255" "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0300893211006877" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "03008932" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 33 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib34" "etiqueta" => "34." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M.W. Johns" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Sleep" "fecha" => "1991" "volumen" => "14" "paginaInicial" => "540" "paginaFinal" => "545" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1798888" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 34 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib35" "etiqueta" => "35." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "An instrument to measure functional status outcomes for disorders of excessive sleepiness" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "T.E. Weaver" 1 => "A.M. Laizner" 2 => "L.K. Evans" 3 => "G. Maislin" 4 => "D.K. Chugh" 5 => "K. Lyon" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Sleep" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "20" "paginaInicial" => "835" "paginaFinal" => "843" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9415942" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 35 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib36" "etiqueta" => "36." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Evaluation of the psychometric characteristics of the Spanish version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J.M. Quintana" 1 => "A. Padierna" 2 => "C. Esteban" 3 => "I. Arostegui" 4 => "A. Bilbao" 5 => "I. Ruiz" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Acta Psychiatr Scand" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "107" "paginaInicial" => "216" "paginaFinal" => "221" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12580829" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 36 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib37" "etiqueta" => "37." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "A.S. Zigmond" 1 => "R.P. Snaith" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Acta Psychiatr Scand" "fecha" => "1983" "volumen" => "67" "paginaInicial" => "361" "paginaFinal" => "370" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6880820" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 37 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib38" "etiqueta" => "38." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Wood smoke exposure and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Orozco-Levi" 1 => "J. Garcia-Aymerich" 2 => "J. Villar" 3 => "A. Ramírez-Sarmiento" 4 => "J.M. Antó" 5 => "J. Gea" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1183/09031936.06.00052705" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "27" "paginaInicial" => "542" "paginaFinal" => "546" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16507854" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 38 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib39" "etiqueta" => "39." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Manual SEPAR de Procedimientos. Módulo 3. Procedimientos de evaluación de la función pulmonar. Madrid: Luzán 5, SA de Ediciones; 2002." ] ] ] 39 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib40" "etiqueta" => "40." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Manual SEPAR de Procedimientos. Módulo 4. Procedimientos de evaluación de la función pulmonar-II. Barcelona: Publicaciones Permanyer; 2004." ] ] ] 40 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib41" "etiqueta" => "41." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2004. Available from: <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.goldcopd.org/">http://www.goldcopd.org</a>" ] ] ] 41 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib42" "etiqueta" => "42." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Predicted normal values for maximal respiratory pressures in caucasian adults and children" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "S.H. Wilson" 1 => "N.T. Cooke" 2 => "R.H. Edwards" 3 => "S.G. Spiro" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Thorax" "fecha" => "1984" "volumen" => "39" "paginaInicial" => "535" "paginaFinal" => "538" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6463933" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 42 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib43" "etiqueta" => "43." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Presiones respiratorias estáticas máximas en adultos. Valores de referencia en una población caucasiana mediterránea" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "P. Morales" 1 => "J. Sanchis" 2 => "P.J. Cordero" 3 => "J.L. Díez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "33" "paginaInicial" => "213" "paginaFinal" => "219" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9254166" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 43 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib44" "etiqueta" => "44." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Body-water compartments measured by bio-electrical impedance spectroscopy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "E.M. Baarends" 1 => "W.D. Van Marken Lichtenbelt" 2 => "E.F. Wouters" 3 => "AM. Schols" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Nutr" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "17" "paginaInicial" => "15" "paginaFinal" => "22" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10205310" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 44 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib45" "etiqueta" => "45." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "ATS Committee on Proficiency Standards for Clinical Pulmonary Function Laboratories. ATS statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166:111-7." ] ] ] 45 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib46" "etiqueta" => "46." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of encouragement on walking test performance" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "G.H. Guyatt" 1 => "S.O. Pugsley" 2 => "M.J. Sullivan" 3 => "P.J. Thompson" 4 => "L. Berman" 5 => "N. Jones" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Thorax" "fecha" => "1984" "volumen" => "39" "paginaInicial" => "818" "paginaFinal" => "822" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6505988" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 46 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib47" "etiqueta" => "47." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Grupo de Trabajo de la SEPAR. Pruebas de ejercicio cardiopulmonar. Arch Bronconeumol. 2001;37:247-68." ] ] ] 47 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib48" "etiqueta" => "48." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "American Thoracic Society, American College of Chest Physicians. ATS/ACCP Statement on Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;167:211-77." ] ] ] 48 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib49" "etiqueta" => "49." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prediction of metabolic and cardiopulmonary response to maximum cycle ergometry: a randomised study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J.A. Neder" 1 => "L.E. Nery" 2 => "A. Castelo" 3 => "S. Andreoni" 4 => "M.C. Lenario" 5 => "A. Sachs" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "14" "paginaInicial" => "1304" "paginaFinal" => "1313" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10624759" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 49 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib50" "etiqueta" => "50." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Induced sputum cell counts in healthy adults" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J. Belda" 1 => "R. Leigh" 2 => "K. Parameswaran" 3 => "P.M. O’Byrne" 4 => "M.R. Sears" 5 => "F.E. Hargreave" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.161.2.9903097" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "161" "paginaInicial" => "475" "paginaFinal" => "478" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10673188" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 50 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib51" "etiqueta" => "51." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Recommendations for quantification of Doppler echocardiography: a report from the Doppler Quantification Task Force of the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the American Society of Echocardiography" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "M.A. Quiñones" 1 => "C.M. Otto" 2 => "M. Stoddard" 3 => "A. Waggoner" 4 => "WA. Zoghbi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Am Soc Echocardiogr" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "15" "paginaInicial" => "167" "paginaFinal" => "184" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11836492" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 51 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib52" "etiqueta" => "52." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Recommendations for a standardized report for adult transthoracic echocardiography: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography's Nomenclature and Standards Committee and Task Force for a Standardized Echocardiography Report" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J.M. Gardin" 1 => "D.B. Adams" 2 => "P.S. Douglas" 3 => "H. Feigenbaum" 4 => "D.H. Forst" 5 => "A.G. Fraser" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Am Soc Echocardiogr" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "15" "paginaInicial" => "275" "paginaFinal" => "290" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11875394" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 52 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib53" "etiqueta" => "53." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Objective system for interviewer performance evaluation for use in epidemiologic studies" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Edwards" 1 => "M.L. Slattery" 2 => "M. Mori" 3 => "T.D. Berry" 4 => "B.J. Caan" 5 => "P. Palmer" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Epidemiol" "fecha" => "1994" "volumen" => "140" "paginaInicial" => "1020" "paginaFinal" => "1028" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7985650" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 53 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib54" "etiqueta" => "54." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Users’ guides to the medical literature. I. How to get started. The Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "A.D. Oxman" 1 => "D.L. Sackett" 2 => "G.H. Guyatt" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "JAMA" "fecha" => "1993" "volumen" => "270" "paginaInicial" => "2093" "paginaFinal" => "2095" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8411577" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S1474442203006203" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "14744422" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/15792129/0000004500000001/v1_201305150402/S1579212909717811/v1_201305150402/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "9374" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Original Articles" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/15792129/0000004500000001/v1_201305150402/S1579212909717811/v1_201305150402/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00003Z&text.app=https://archbronconeumol.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212909717811?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 4 | 3 | 7 |
| 2024 October | 27 | 12 | 39 |
| 2024 September | 21 | 14 | 35 |
| 2024 August | 39 | 30 | 69 |
| 2024 July | 26 | 21 | 47 |
| 2024 June | 36 | 24 | 60 |
| 2024 May | 58 | 36 | 94 |
| 2024 April | 14 | 21 | 35 |
| 2024 March | 24 | 18 | 42 |
| 2024 February | 16 | 21 | 37 |
| 2023 March | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| 2023 February | 21 | 17 | 38 |
| 2023 January | 23 | 36 | 59 |
| 2022 December | 18 | 31 | 49 |
| 2022 November | 23 | 31 | 54 |
| 2022 October | 19 | 27 | 46 |
| 2022 September | 18 | 25 | 43 |
| 2022 August | 21 | 31 | 52 |
| 2022 July | 19 | 41 | 60 |
| 2022 June | 20 | 26 | 46 |
| 2022 May | 22 | 27 | 49 |
| 2022 April | 9 | 20 | 29 |
| 2022 March | 18 | 42 | 60 |
| 2022 February | 20 | 28 | 48 |
| 2022 January | 16 | 34 | 50 |
| 2021 December | 18 | 52 | 70 |
| 2021 November | 22 | 53 | 75 |
| 2021 October | 55 | 53 | 108 |
| 2021 September | 43 | 57 | 100 |
| 2021 August | 40 | 32 | 72 |
| 2021 July | 24 | 38 | 62 |
| 2021 June | 29 | 35 | 64 |
| 2021 May | 11 | 26 | 37 |
| 2021 April | 16 | 60 | 76 |
| 2021 March | 28 | 27 | 55 |
| 2021 February | 9 | 17 | 26 |
| 2021 January | 9 | 13 | 22 |
| 2020 December | 20 | 24 | 44 |
| 2020 November | 8 | 16 | 24 |
| 2020 October | 9 | 6 | 15 |
| 2020 September | 7 | 5 | 12 |
| 2020 August | 10 | 17 | 27 |
| 2020 July | 17 | 17 | 34 |
| 2020 June | 12 | 13 | 25 |
| 2020 May | 16 | 16 | 32 |
| 2020 April | 16 | 25 | 41 |
| 2020 March | 19 | 13 | 32 |
| 2020 February | 13 | 17 | 30 |
| 2020 January | 20 | 19 | 39 |
| 2019 December | 9 | 16 | 25 |
| 2019 November | 13 | 26 | 39 |
| 2019 October | 6 | 11 | 17 |
| 2019 September | 7 | 12 | 19 |
| 2019 August | 12 | 15 | 27 |
| 2019 July | 11 | 17 | 28 |
| 2019 June | 6 | 6 | 12 |
| 2019 May | 10 | 6 | 16 |
| 2019 April | 9 | 20 | 29 |
| 2019 March | 13 | 9 | 22 |
| 2019 February | 7 | 9 | 16 |
| 2019 January | 5 | 5 | 10 |
| 2018 December | 9 | 12 | 21 |
| 2018 November | 20 | 17 | 37 |
| 2018 October | 15 | 8 | 23 |
| 2018 September | 13 | 18 | 31 |
| 2018 May | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2018 April | 7 | 9 | 16 |
| 2018 March | 9 | 3 | 12 |
| 2018 February | 7 | 10 | 17 |
| 2018 January | 13 | 13 | 26 |
| 2017 December | 7 | 9 | 16 |
| 2017 November | 7 | 6 | 13 |
| 2017 October | 9 | 11 | 20 |
| 2017 September | 5 | 6 | 11 |
| 2017 August | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| 2017 July | 8 | 5 | 13 |
| 2017 June | 15 | 14 | 29 |
| 2017 May | 8 | 7 | 15 |
| 2017 April | 5 | 6 | 11 |
| 2017 March | 9 | 21 | 30 |
| 2017 February | 5 | 6 | 11 |
| 2017 January | 4 | 7 | 11 |
| 2016 December | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| 2016 November | 5 | 9 | 14 |
| 2016 October | 10 | 9 | 19 |
| 2016 September | 4 | 4 | 8 |
| 2016 August | 5 | 4 | 9 |
| 2016 July | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2016 March | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 December | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 October | 40 | 13 | 53 |
| 2015 September | 73 | 16 | 89 |
| 2015 August | 37 | 12 | 49 |
| 2015 July | 47 | 7 | 54 |
| 2015 June | 45 | 10 | 55 |
| 2015 May | 64 | 17 | 81 |
| 2015 April | 29 | 8 | 37 |
| 2015 March | 28 | 10 | 38 |
| 2015 February | 37 | 4 | 41 |
| 2015 January | 29 | 5 | 34 |
| 2014 December | 27 | 6 | 33 |
| 2014 November | 46 | 4 | 50 |
| 2014 October | 44 | 11 | 55 |
| 2014 September | 52 | 6 | 58 |
| 2014 August | 38 | 12 | 50 |
| 2014 July | 29 | 5 | 34 |
| 2014 June | 32 | 11 | 43 |
| 2014 May | 52 | 9 | 61 |
| 2014 April | 51 | 5 | 56 |
| 2014 March | 55 | 11 | 66 |
| 2014 February | 33 | 9 | 42 |
| 2014 January | 32 | 11 | 43 |
| 2013 December | 30 | 13 | 43 |
| 2013 November | 25 | 6 | 31 |
| 2013 October | 39 | 12 | 51 |
| 2013 September | 46 | 14 | 60 |
| 2013 August | 40 | 6 | 46 |
| 2013 July | 56 | 13 | 69 |
| 2013 June | 29 | 13 | 42 |
| 2013 May | 36 | 7 | 43 |
| 2013 April | 10 | 6 | 16 |
| 2013 March | 11 | 2 | 13 |
Show all
