Original Articles
Lung Function Reference Values in Children and Adolescents Aged 6 to 18 Years in Galicia
Francisco Javier González Barcalaa,
, Carmen Cadarso Suárezb, Luis Valdés Cuadradoa, Rosaura Leisc, Rodrigo Cabanasc, Rafael Tojoc
Corresponding author
fjgbarcala@telefonica.net
Correspondence: Dr F.J. Álvarez-Gutiérrez Servicio de Neumoloxía, Complexo Hospitalario Clínico Universitario Choupana, s/n, 15706 Teo, A Coruña, Spain
Correspondence: Dr F.J. Álvarez-Gutiérrez Servicio de Neumoloxía, Complexo Hospitalario Clínico Universitario Choupana, s/n, 15706 Teo, A Coruña, Spain
a Servicio de Neumoloxía, Complexo Hospitalario Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
b Departamento de Bioestadística e Investigación Operativa, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
c Departamento de Pediatría, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
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González Barcala, Carmen Cadarso Suárez, Luis Valdés Cuadrado, Rosaura Leis, Rodrigo Cabanas, Rafael Tojo" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Francisco Javier González" "apellidos" => "Barcala" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "fjgbarcala@telefonica.net" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Carmen Cadarso" "apellidos" => "Suárez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Luis Valdés" "apellidos" => "Cuadrado" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Rosaura" "apellidos" => "Leis" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Rodrigo" "apellidos" => "Cabanas" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Rafael" "apellidos" => "Tojo" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumoloxía, Complexo Hospitalario Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Bioestadística e Investigación Operativa, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Pediatría, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "Correspondence: Dr F.J. Álvarez-Gutiérrez Servicio de Neumoloxía, Complexo Hospitalario Clínico Universitario Choupana, s/n, 15706 Teo, A Coruña, Spain" ] ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2007-03-16" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec155270" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Spirometry" 1 => "Healthy children" 2 => "Reference values" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec155271" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Espirometría forzada" 1 => "Niños sanos" 2 => "Valores dereferencia" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">It is well known that lung function referencevalues differ between populations, hence the apparentimportance of establishing such values. The aim of thisstudy was to develop prediction equations for spirometryfor healthy children and adolescents in Galicia, Spain.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Population and methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We studied children andadolescents aged 6 to 18 years from randomly selectedschools in 14 municipalities in Galicia. Spirometric valueswere measured following the protocols established by the American Thoracic Society in 1987, with real-timemonitoring of flow-volume curves. The prediction equationswere derived using multivariate linear regression.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We developed equations to predict the mainspirometry parameters for this age group according to sex, height, and weight. Mean spirometry values in relation toheight were higher for boys than for girls, except in the 140-160 cm range, where they were higher for girls. Equations published in other studies in similar populationsgave different predictions, ranging from an underestimationof forced midexpiratory flow rate (FEF<span class="elsevierStyleInf">25%-75%</span>) by 16% incomparison to ours to an overestimation of peak expiratoryflow (PEF) rate by 15% for an average boy. For a girl, thecorresponding differences ranged from an underestimationof FEF<span class="elsevierStyleInf">25%-75%</span> by 17% to an overestimation of PEF by 19%.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">These results support the importance ofusing population-specific prediction equations to establishlung function reference values.</p>" ] "es" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Son conocidas las diferencias entre distintaspoblaciones en cuanto a los valores de referencia de la fun-ción respiratoria, por lo cual parece importante establecer-los. El objetivo del estudio ha sido establecer las ecuacionesde predicción de parámetros espirométricos en niños y ado-lescentes sanos de Galicia.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Población y métodos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hemos estudiado a niños y adoles-centes sanos de 6 a 18 años de edad, de colegios seleccionadosaleatoriamente en 14 municipios de Galicia. Las maniobrasespirométricas se realizaron de acuerdo con los protocolos dela American Thoracic Society de 1987, con evaluación conti-nua de los espirogramas. Se obtuvieron las ecuaciones depredicción mediante regresión lineal multivariante.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Con este estudio se obtuvieron las ecuaciones depredicción de los principales parámetros espirométricos en estegrupo de edad, en función de la edad, el sexo, la talla y el peso. Los valores medios de los parámetros espirométricos, en funciónde la estatura, son superiores en la población masculina com-parada con la femenina, excepto en el rango entre 140 y 160 cmde altura, donde las mujeres superan a los varones. Para unvarón medio de nuestra población, los parámetros de funciónpulmonar obtenidos con las ecuaciones de predicción referidaspor otros autores en poblaciones similares difieren de los nues-tros, desde una infraestimación de un 16% para el flujo mesoes-piratorio forzado hasta una sobreestimación de un 15% para elpico de flujo espiratorio; para una mujer, las discrepancias vandesde la infraestimación del flujo mesoespiratorio forzado del 17%hasta la sobreestimación del pico de flujo espiratorio de un 19%.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estos resultados refuerzan la importanciade utilizar ecuaciones de predicción específicas para cadapoblación.</p>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">This study was partially funded by the Xunta de Galicia (60904.44055). Dr Cadarso's statistical work was financed with grants from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science in collaboration with the European Regional Development Fund (MTM2005-00818).</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:45 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Lung function testing: selection of reference values and interpretative strategies. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| 2024 October | 41 | 15 | 56 |
| 2024 September | 29 | 15 | 44 |
| 2024 August | 39 | 30 | 69 |
| 2024 July | 32 | 27 | 59 |
| 2024 June | 29 | 29 | 58 |
| 2024 May | 49 | 39 | 88 |
| 2024 April | 20 | 26 | 46 |
| 2024 March | 24 | 17 | 41 |
| 2024 February | 27 | 19 | 46 |
| 2023 March | 3 | 4 | 7 |
| 2023 February | 14 | 17 | 31 |
| 2023 January | 29 | 25 | 54 |
| 2022 December | 27 | 22 | 49 |
| 2022 November | 35 | 19 | 54 |
| 2022 October | 26 | 35 | 61 |
| 2022 September | 26 | 29 | 55 |
| 2022 August | 18 | 28 | 46 |
| 2022 July | 30 | 39 | 69 |
| 2022 June | 21 | 32 | 53 |
| 2022 May | 29 | 34 | 63 |
| 2022 April | 25 | 33 | 58 |
| 2022 March | 23 | 41 | 64 |
| 2022 February | 22 | 22 | 44 |
| 2022 January | 19 | 33 | 52 |
| 2021 December | 26 | 42 | 68 |
| 2021 November | 24 | 44 | 68 |
| 2021 October | 25 | 40 | 65 |
| 2021 September | 17 | 57 | 74 |
| 2021 August | 15 | 31 | 46 |
| 2021 July | 18 | 27 | 45 |
| 2021 June | 13 | 35 | 48 |
| 2021 May | 14 | 26 | 40 |
| 2021 April | 29 | 45 | 74 |
| 2021 March | 27 | 19 | 46 |
| 2021 February | 19 | 17 | 36 |
| 2021 January | 19 | 10 | 29 |
| 2020 December | 14 | 19 | 33 |
| 2020 November | 25 | 17 | 42 |
| 2020 October | 9 | 11 | 20 |
| 2020 September | 12 | 8 | 20 |
| 2020 August | 16 | 11 | 27 |
| 2020 July | 19 | 17 | 36 |
| 2020 June | 20 | 6 | 26 |
| 2020 May | 19 | 14 | 33 |
| 2020 April | 27 | 27 | 54 |
| 2020 March | 18 | 11 | 29 |
| 2020 February | 20 | 14 | 34 |
| 2020 January | 18 | 15 | 33 |
| 2019 December | 16 | 18 | 34 |
| 2019 November | 12 | 15 | 27 |
| 2019 October | 9 | 6 | 15 |
| 2019 September | 14 | 12 | 26 |
| 2019 August | 8 | 13 | 21 |
| 2019 July | 18 | 14 | 32 |
| 2019 June | 8 | 9 | 17 |
| 2019 May | 17 | 14 | 31 |
| 2019 April | 35 | 29 | 64 |
| 2019 March | 23 | 24 | 47 |
| 2019 February | 17 | 9 | 26 |
| 2019 January | 15 | 9 | 24 |
| 2018 December | 18 | 16 | 34 |
| 2018 November | 15 | 15 | 30 |
| 2018 October | 17 | 18 | 35 |
| 2018 September | 14 | 12 | 26 |
| 2018 May | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| 2018 April | 10 | 8 | 18 |
| 2018 March | 6 | 3 | 9 |
| 2018 February | 6 | 4 | 10 |
| 2018 January | 7 | 10 | 17 |
| 2017 December | 9 | 5 | 14 |
| 2017 November | 4 | 7 | 11 |
| 2017 October | 9 | 14 | 23 |
| 2017 September | 7 | 18 | 25 |
| 2017 August | 12 | 19 | 31 |
| 2017 July | 11 | 15 | 26 |
| 2017 June | 11 | 26 | 37 |
| 2017 May | 6 | 18 | 24 |
| 2017 April | 2 | 11 | 13 |
| 2017 March | 4 | 24 | 28 |
| 2017 February | 4 | 14 | 18 |
| 2017 January | 2 | 5 | 7 |
| 2016 December | 6 | 7 | 13 |
| 2016 November | 9 | 8 | 17 |
| 2016 October | 5 | 16 | 21 |
| 2016 September | 7 | 6 | 13 |
| 2016 August | 7 | 4 | 11 |
| 2016 July | 7 | 5 | 12 |
| 2016 March | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2015 December | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 October | 244 | 18 | 262 |
| 2015 September | 189 | 12 | 201 |
| 2015 August | 160 | 17 | 177 |
| 2015 July | 223 | 10 | 233 |
| 2015 June | 175 | 8 | 183 |
| 2015 May | 173 | 16 | 189 |
| 2015 April | 207 | 13 | 220 |
| 2015 March | 293 | 7 | 300 |
| 2015 February | 267 | 6 | 273 |
| 2015 January | 217 | 4 | 221 |
| 2014 December | 234 | 6 | 240 |
| 2014 November | 317 | 10 | 327 |
| 2014 October | 329 | 9 | 338 |
| 2014 September | 213 | 10 | 223 |
| 2014 August | 163 | 10 | 173 |
| 2014 July | 162 | 17 | 179 |
| 2014 June | 166 | 10 | 176 |
| 2014 May | 176 | 15 | 191 |
| 2014 April | 171 | 16 | 187 |
| 2014 March | 188 | 10 | 198 |
| 2014 February | 152 | 14 | 166 |
| 2014 January | 124 | 13 | 137 |
| 2013 December | 101 | 13 | 114 |
| 2013 November | 82 | 8 | 90 |
| 2013 October | 93 | 8 | 101 |
| 2013 September | 76 | 11 | 87 |
| 2013 August | 64 | 3 | 67 |
| 2013 July | 76 | 14 | 90 |
| 2013 June | 70 | 20 | 90 |
| 2013 May | 57 | 10 | 67 |
| 2013 April | 43 | 5 | 48 |
| 2013 March | 8 | 3 | 11 |
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