Review Article
Experimental Models for the Study of Pulmonary Fibrosis: Current Usefulness and Future Promise
María Molina-Molina
, Javier Pereda, Antoni Xaubet
Corresponding author
mariamolinamolina@hotmail.com
Correspondence: Dra. M. Molina-Molina. Unidad de Endoscopia Respiratoria. Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Clínic. Villarroel, 170. Barcelona. España
Correspondence: Dra. M. Molina-Molina. Unidad de Endoscopia Respiratoria. Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Clínic. Villarroel, 170. Barcelona. España
Instituto de Investigaciones Agustí Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Unidad de Endoscopia Respiratoria, CIBER, Enfermedades Respiratorias, Servicio de Neumología, Instituto Clínico del Tórax, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
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] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212907601141?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/15792129/0000004300000009/v1_201305150327/S1579212907601141/v1_201305150327/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:14 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Review Article</span>" "titulo" => "Experimental Models for the Study of Pulmonary Fibrosis: Current Usefulness and Future Promise" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "501" "paginaFinal" => "507" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "María Molina-Molina, Javier Pereda, Antoni Xaubet" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "María" "apellidos" => "Molina-Molina" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "mariamolinamolina@hotmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Javier" "apellidos" => "Pereda" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Antoni" "apellidos" => "Xaubet" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "entidad" => "Instituto de Investigaciones Agustí Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Unidad de Endoscopia Respiratoria, CIBER, Enfermedades Respiratorias, Servicio de Neumología, Instituto Clínico del Tórax, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "Correspondence: Dra. M. Molina-Molina. Unidad de Endoscopia Respiratoria. Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Clínic. Villarroel, 170. Barcelona. España" ] ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2006-09-12" "fechaAceptado" => "2006-09-19" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec155001" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Pulmonary fibrosis" 1 => "Experimental studies" 2 => "Interstitial lung disease" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec155000" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Fibrosis pulmonar" 1 => "Estudio experimental" 2 => "Enfermedad pulmonar intersticial" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Diffuse interstitial lung diseases form a group of respiratory diseases about which many questions remain to be answered. In recent years there have been major advances in the correct diagnostic classification of each disease, and therefore, the essential foundations have been laid for investigation of their pathophysiology. However, both the triggers and the precise mechanisms that lead to irreversible changes in the lung parenchyma remain to be identified. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is the most common diffuse interstitial lung disease and has the worst prognosis. Current treatments are empirical and the response is random; furthermore, they do not improve survival. Consequently, most basic research has focused on the pathophysiology of the disease and on identifying an effective therapeutic approach. The aim of this review is to describe the experimental studies that have begun to open the way towards an understanding of the complex process of fibrosis.</p>" ] "es" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las enfermedades pulmonares intersticiales difusas son un grupo de enfermedades respiratorias con múltiples incógnitas por resolver. En los últimos años se ha asistido a un gran avance en la clasificación para el diagnóstico correcto de cada una de ellas, con lo que se han sentado las bases indispensables para el estudio del proceso fisiopatológico en cada entidad. Sin embargo, resultan desconocidos tanto la causa desencadenante como los mecanismos exactos que llevan a la alteración irreversible del parénquima. Dentro de las enfermedades pulmonares intersticiales difusas, la más frecuente y de peor pronóstico es la fibrosis pulmonar idiopática. Los tratamientos actuales son empíricos, con respuesta aleatoria, e incapaces de mejorar la supervivencia. Por este motivo la mayoría de los estudios básicos se han centrado en buscar respuestas sobre su fisiopatología y un abordaje terapéutico efectivo. El objetivo de esta revisión es dar a conocer los estudios experimentales que han empezado a abrir caminos hacia la comprensión del complejo proceso fibrótico.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "REFERENCES" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:85 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "International multidisciplinary consensus classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "165" "paginaInicial" => "227" "paginaFinal" => "304" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 7 | 5 | 12 |
| 2024 October | 54 | 16 | 70 |
| 2024 September | 45 | 18 | 63 |
| 2024 August | 54 | 30 | 84 |
| 2024 July | 23 | 17 | 40 |
| 2024 June | 26 | 25 | 51 |
| 2024 May | 33 | 31 | 64 |
| 2024 April | 19 | 25 | 44 |
| 2024 March | 18 | 11 | 29 |
| 2024 February | 20 | 22 | 42 |
| 2023 March | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| 2023 February | 49 | 21 | 70 |
| 2023 January | 27 | 33 | 60 |
| 2022 December | 31 | 22 | 53 |
| 2022 November | 20 | 26 | 46 |
| 2022 October | 26 | 38 | 64 |
| 2022 September | 25 | 23 | 48 |
| 2022 August | 17 | 35 | 52 |
| 2022 July | 19 | 44 | 63 |
| 2022 June | 19 | 33 | 52 |
| 2022 May | 15 | 25 | 40 |
| 2022 April | 18 | 27 | 45 |
| 2022 March | 20 | 33 | 53 |
| 2022 February | 17 | 25 | 42 |
| 2022 January | 12 | 31 | 43 |
| 2021 December | 13 | 48 | 61 |
| 2021 November | 18 | 46 | 64 |
| 2021 October | 14 | 43 | 57 |
| 2021 September | 15 | 64 | 79 |
| 2021 August | 9 | 31 | 40 |
| 2021 July | 9 | 27 | 36 |
| 2021 June | 6 | 28 | 34 |
| 2021 May | 8 | 29 | 37 |
| 2021 April | 22 | 43 | 65 |
| 2021 March | 13 | 14 | 27 |
| 2021 February | 6 | 20 | 26 |
| 2021 January | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| 2020 December | 7 | 21 | 28 |
| 2020 November | 5 | 5 | 10 |
| 2020 October | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| 2020 September | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 2020 August | 5 | 21 | 26 |
| 2020 July | 10 | 12 | 22 |
| 2020 June | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| 2020 May | 5 | 15 | 20 |
| 2020 April | 7 | 26 | 33 |
| 2020 March | 9 | 9 | 18 |
| 2020 February | 9 | 12 | 21 |
| 2020 January | 4 | 11 | 15 |
| 2019 December | 13 | 20 | 33 |
| 2019 November | 7 | 6 | 13 |
| 2019 October | 9 | 4 | 13 |
| 2019 September | 9 | 10 | 19 |
| 2019 August | 13 | 3 | 16 |
| 2019 July | 14 | 14 | 28 |
| 2019 June | 6 | 7 | 13 |
| 2019 May | 12 | 6 | 18 |
| 2019 April | 13 | 47 | 60 |
| 2019 March | 10 | 16 | 26 |
| 2019 February | 11 | 11 | 22 |
| 2019 January | 5 | 15 | 20 |
| 2018 December | 9 | 11 | 20 |
| 2018 November | 14 | 7 | 21 |
| 2018 October | 13 | 13 | 26 |
| 2018 September | 10 | 9 | 19 |
| 2018 May | 4 | 1 | 5 |
| 2018 April | 9 | 8 | 17 |
| 2018 March | 8 | 5 | 13 |
| 2018 February | 6 | 10 | 16 |
| 2018 January | 3 | 12 | 15 |
| 2017 December | 9 | 7 | 16 |
| 2017 November | 0 | 12 | 12 |
| 2017 October | 6 | 8 | 14 |
| 2017 September | 5 | 14 | 19 |
| 2017 August | 5 | 13 | 18 |
| 2017 July | 2 | 5 | 7 |
| 2017 June | 11 | 35 | 46 |
| 2017 May | 10 | 17 | 27 |
| 2017 April | 3 | 7 | 10 |
| 2017 March | 3 | 15 | 18 |
| 2017 February | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 2017 January | 3 | 4 | 7 |
| 2016 December | 5 | 4 | 9 |
| 2016 November | 11 | 5 | 16 |
| 2016 October | 18 | 8 | 26 |
| 2016 September | 8 | 7 | 15 |
| 2016 August | 5 | 2 | 7 |
| 2016 July | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| 2016 March | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 December | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 October | 113 | 29 | 142 |
| 2015 September | 150 | 13 | 163 |
| 2015 August | 121 | 18 | 139 |
| 2015 July | 145 | 17 | 162 |
| 2015 June | 121 | 19 | 140 |
| 2015 May | 107 | 13 | 120 |
| 2015 April | 96 | 14 | 110 |
| 2015 March | 113 | 8 | 121 |
| 2015 February | 65 | 9 | 74 |
| 2015 January | 87 | 7 | 94 |
| 2014 December | 83 | 6 | 89 |
| 2014 November | 95 | 8 | 103 |
| 2014 October | 121 | 13 | 134 |
| 2014 September | 115 | 7 | 122 |
| 2014 August | 124 | 16 | 140 |
| 2014 July | 119 | 11 | 130 |
| 2014 June | 109 | 10 | 119 |
| 2014 May | 97 | 10 | 107 |
| 2014 April | 108 | 13 | 121 |
| 2014 March | 85 | 11 | 96 |
| 2014 February | 87 | 8 | 95 |
| 2014 January | 62 | 8 | 70 |
| 2013 December | 58 | 8 | 66 |
| 2013 November | 45 | 5 | 50 |
| 2013 October | 62 | 8 | 70 |
| 2013 September | 54 | 7 | 61 |
| 2013 August | 46 | 7 | 53 |
| 2013 July | 64 | 12 | 76 |
| 2013 June | 40 | 7 | 47 |
| 2013 May | 53 | 7 | 60 |
| 2013 April | 36 | 8 | 44 |
| 2013 March | 7 | 1 | 8 |
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