Techniques and Procedures
Magnetic Stimulation of the Quadriceps: Analysis of 2 Stimulators Used for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications
Víctor Bustamante Madariagaa,b,
, Amaia Gorostiza Manterolac, Elena López de Santa María Miróc, Juan B. Gáldiz Iturrib,c
Corresponding author
victor.bustamantemadariaga@osakidetza.net
Correspondence: Dr. V. Bustamante Madariaga. Servicio de Neumología. Hospital de Basurto. Avda. Montevideo, 18. 48013 Bilbao. España
Correspondence: Dr. V. Bustamante Madariaga. Servicio de Neumología. Hospital de Basurto. Avda. Montevideo, 18. 48013 Bilbao. España
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Gáldiz Iturri" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Víctor Bustamante" "apellidos" => "Madariaga" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "victor.bustamantemadariaga@osakidetza.net" ] "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Amaia Gorostiza" "apellidos" => "Manterola" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Elena" "apellidos" => "López de Santa María Miró" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Juan B. Gáldiz" "apellidos" => "Iturri" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Hospital de Basurto, Osakidetza, Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Hospital de Cruces, Osakidetza, Baracaldo, Vizcaya, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "Correspondence: Dr. V. Bustamante Madariaga. Servicio de Neumología. Hospital de Basurto. Avda. Montevideo, 18. 48013 Bilbao. España" ] ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2006-09-25" "fechaAceptado" => "2006-11-28" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154940" "palabras" => array:8 [ 0 => "Skeletal muscles" 1 => "Quadriceps" 2 => "Femoral nerve" 3 => "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)" 4 => "Neuromuscular disease Neurophysiology" 5 => "Lung function tests" 6 => "Electromagnetism" 7 => "Magnetic stimulation" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154939" "palabras" => array:9 [ 0 => "Músculos esqueléticos" 1 => "Cuádriceps" 2 => "Nervio femoral" 3 => "EPOC" 4 => "Enfermedad neuromuscular" 5 => "Neurofisiología" 6 => "Pruebas de función respiratoria" 7 => "Electromagnetismo" 8 => "Estimulación magnética" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Compromised muscle function can be evaluated in respiratory disease patients by supramaximal magnetic stimulation (isometric twitch) of the quadriceps, a technique that is reproducible and objective. We validated the technique, comparing a device used in our laboratory with another reference electromagnet. We also assessed whether the technique could potentially be used to train the muscle by repetitive stimulation.</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The Medtronic Magpro (MED) device with a circular coil and the Magstim 200 device (MAG) with a figure-of-eight coil (reference device) were used to stimulate the femoral nerve of 6 volunteers at different percentages of maximal output. MED stimulation was also applied on the quadriceps muscle. We measured voluntary contractions, comparing measurements from the 2 devices and on different days. The stimulation achieved with MED was lower than with MAG, showed greater day-to-day variability, and was not clearly supramaximal. MED quadriceps stimulation was 80.7% of MAG stimulation.</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, supramaximal stimulation of the quadriceps cannot be guaranteed with MED and the circular coil. However, this device generates sufficient contraction when applied to the muscle to be used for repetitive stimulation.</p>" ] "es" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La estimulación supramáxima o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">twitch</span> magnético isométrico del cuádriceps es una técnica reproducible y objetiva que nos informa sobre la función muscular, que se encuentra comprometida en las enfermedades respiratorias. Hemos validado la técnica estándar y comparado un equipo utilizado en nuestro laboratorio con otro electroimán de referencia. También evaluamos el potencial de la técnica para entrenamiento muscular mediante estimulación repetitiva.</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los equipos Magstim 200 con pala en mariposa (MAG, equipo de referencia) y Medtronic Magpro con pala circular (MED) se aplicaron sobre el nervio femoral de 6 voluntarios, a diferentes porcentajes del estímulo máximo. El MED se aplicó también sobre el músculo cuádriceps (MED-Q). Se realizaron medidas voluntarias y comparaciones entre equipos y días diferentes. El MED alcanzó valores menores que el MAG, con mayor variabilidad entre días y sin clara supramaximalidad. La estimulación MED-Q fue equivalente al 80,7% del MAG.</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En conclusión, no puede garantizarse un estímulo supramáximo del cuádriceps con el MED y pala redonda, aunque ésta, aplicada sobre el músculo, genera una contracción que avala este abordaje para la estimulación repetitiva.</p>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Study financed by a Spanish Society for Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) 2004 grant and a European Union grant associated with a project of the European network for Investigating the Global Mechanisms of Muscle Abnormalities for COPD.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "REFERENCES" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:24 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity index in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => "BR Celli" 1 => "CG Cote" 2 => "MD" 3 => "JM Marín" 4 => "C Casanova" 5 => "M Montes de Oca" 6 => "RA Méndez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa021322" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "350" "paginaInicial" => "1005" "paginaFinal" => "1012" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14999112" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Peripheral muscle weakness contributes to exercise limitation in COPD" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "R Gosselink" 1 => "T Troosters" 2 => "M Decramer" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.153.3.8630582" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "153" "paginaInicial" => "976" "paginaFinal" => "980" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8630582" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib3" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Weight loss is a reversible factor in the prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "AMWJ Schols" 1 => "J Slangen" 2 => "L Volovics" 3 => "EFM Wouters" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.157.6.9705017" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "157" "paginaInicial" => "1791" "paginaFinal" => "1797" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9620907" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib4" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "¿Cuál es el papel del entrenamiento de los músculos inspiratorios en el tratamiento de la EPOC?" 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 7 | 5 | 12 |
| 2024 October | 34 | 12 | 46 |
| 2024 September | 30 | 10 | 40 |
| 2024 August | 45 | 34 | 79 |
| 2024 July | 30 | 22 | 52 |
| 2024 June | 31 | 21 | 52 |
| 2024 May | 38 | 33 | 71 |
| 2024 April | 18 | 23 | 41 |
| 2024 March | 15 | 21 | 36 |
| 2024 February | 28 | 17 | 45 |
| 2023 March | 10 | 3 | 13 |
| 2023 February | 35 | 24 | 59 |
| 2023 January | 27 | 42 | 69 |
| 2022 December | 22 | 41 | 63 |
| 2022 November | 23 | 14 | 37 |
| 2022 October | 23 | 36 | 59 |
| 2022 September | 15 | 16 | 31 |
| 2022 August | 18 | 32 | 50 |
| 2022 July | 18 | 44 | 62 |
| 2022 June | 26 | 32 | 58 |
| 2022 May | 41 | 29 | 70 |
| 2022 April | 20 | 26 | 46 |
| 2022 March | 24 | 45 | 69 |
| 2022 February | 21 | 31 | 52 |
| 2022 January | 16 | 27 | 43 |
| 2021 December | 19 | 57 | 76 |
| 2021 November | 15 | 47 | 62 |
| 2021 October | 23 | 45 | 68 |
| 2021 September | 20 | 58 | 78 |
| 2021 August | 9 | 23 | 32 |
| 2021 July | 17 | 54 | 71 |
| 2021 June | 12 | 39 | 51 |
| 2021 May | 19 | 26 | 45 |
| 2021 April | 38 | 40 | 78 |
| 2021 March | 24 | 21 | 45 |
| 2021 February | 12 | 11 | 23 |
| 2021 January | 18 | 22 | 40 |
| 2020 December | 9 | 8 | 17 |
| 2020 November | 10 | 14 | 24 |
| 2020 October | 10 | 17 | 27 |
| 2020 September | 16 | 0 | 16 |
| 2020 August | 4 | 9 | 13 |
| 2020 July | 11 | 13 | 24 |
| 2020 June | 4 | 5 | 9 |
| 2020 May | 12 | 9 | 21 |
| 2020 April | 18 | 22 | 40 |
| 2020 March | 10 | 12 | 22 |
| 2020 February | 15 | 21 | 36 |
| 2020 January | 18 | 42 | 60 |
| 2019 December | 13 | 15 | 28 |
| 2019 November | 7 | 24 | 31 |
| 2019 October | 7 | 18 | 25 |
| 2019 September | 19 | 24 | 43 |
| 2019 August | 7 | 14 | 21 |
| 2019 July | 11 | 42 | 53 |
| 2019 June | 11 | 27 | 38 |
| 2019 May | 12 | 21 | 33 |
| 2019 April | 6 | 60 | 66 |
| 2019 March | 7 | 31 | 38 |
| 2019 February | 8 | 11 | 19 |
| 2019 January | 8 | 21 | 29 |
| 2018 December | 10 | 21 | 31 |
| 2018 November | 13 | 9 | 22 |
| 2018 October | 21 | 24 | 45 |
| 2018 September | 12 | 17 | 29 |
| 2018 May | 7 | 1 | 8 |
| 2018 April | 5 | 6 | 11 |
| 2018 March | 7 | 5 | 12 |
| 2018 February | 5 | 9 | 14 |
| 2018 January | 6 | 7 | 13 |
| 2017 December | 4 | 9 | 13 |
| 2017 November | 4 | 8 | 12 |
| 2017 October | 4 | 7 | 11 |
| 2017 September | 1 | 7 | 8 |
| 2017 August | 4 | 7 | 11 |
| 2017 July | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2017 June | 9 | 21 | 30 |
| 2017 May | 3 | 4 | 7 |
| 2017 April | 4 | 18 | 22 |
| 2017 March | 1 | 23 | 24 |
| 2017 February | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 2017 January | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| 2016 December | 8 | 3 | 11 |
| 2016 November | 9 | 5 | 14 |
| 2016 October | 18 | 6 | 24 |
| 2016 September | 10 | 4 | 14 |
| 2016 August | 14 | 6 | 20 |
| 2016 July | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2016 March | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 December | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 November | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 October | 49 | 17 | 66 |
| 2015 September | 37 | 13 | 50 |
| 2015 August | 46 | 12 | 58 |
| 2015 July | 64 | 15 | 79 |
| 2015 June | 36 | 8 | 44 |
| 2015 May | 63 | 21 | 84 |
| 2015 April | 33 | 11 | 44 |
| 2015 March | 40 | 4 | 44 |
| 2015 February | 37 | 5 | 42 |
| 2015 January | 29 | 7 | 36 |
| 2014 December | 42 | 6 | 48 |
| 2014 November | 33 | 8 | 41 |
| 2014 October | 68 | 13 | 81 |
| 2014 September | 45 | 12 | 57 |
| 2014 August | 39 | 15 | 54 |
| 2014 July | 30 | 12 | 42 |
| 2014 June | 47 | 15 | 62 |
| 2014 May | 57 | 13 | 70 |
| 2014 April | 74 | 8 | 82 |
| 2014 March | 62 | 12 | 74 |
| 2014 February | 57 | 14 | 71 |
| 2014 January | 42 | 5 | 47 |
| 2013 December | 51 | 12 | 63 |
| 2013 November | 33 | 7 | 40 |
| 2013 October | 52 | 11 | 63 |
| 2013 September | 46 | 7 | 53 |
| 2013 August | 58 | 27 | 85 |
| 2013 July | 65 | 15 | 80 |
| 2013 June | 41 | 11 | 52 |
| 2013 May | 44 | 7 | 51 |
| 2013 April | 43 | 9 | 52 |
| 2013 March | 9 | 5 | 14 |
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