Original Articles
Parental Smoking and Lung Function in Healthy Children and Adolescents
Francisco Javier González Barcalaa,
, Bahi Takkoucheb, Luis Valdésa, Enrique Temesc, Rosaura Leisd, Rodrigo Cabanasd, José Ramón Rodríguez Suáreza, Rafael Tojod
Corresponding author
fjgbarcala@telefonica.net
Correspondence: Dr. F.J. González Barcala. Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Clínico Universitario. Choupana, s/n. 15706 Santiago de Compostela. A Coruña. España
Correspondence: Dr. F.J. González Barcala. Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Clínico Universitario. Choupana, s/n. 15706 Santiago de Compostela. A Coruña. España
a Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
b Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
c Servicio de Neumología, Hospital de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain
d Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruía, Spain
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Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Hospital de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruía, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff4" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "Correspondence: Dr. F.J. González Barcala. Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Clínico Universitario. Choupana, s/n. 15706 Santiago de Compostela. A Coruña. España" ] ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2005-10-31" "fechaAceptado" => "2006-05-30" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154758" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Lung function" 1 => "Passive smoking" 2 => "Spirometry" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154759" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Función pulmonar" 1 => "Tabaquismo pasivo" 2 => "Espirometría" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The debate continues on the effect of passive smoking on nonsmokers. The effect of parental smoking on the lung function of children varies considerably according to geographic area, source of passive smoking, and sex. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of parental smoking on the lung function of children.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Population and Methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A cross-sectional study was performed on a sample of the population of healthy children and adolescents between 6 and 18 years of age in Galicia. Subjects were selected by means of 2-stage cluster sampling grouped by sex and age.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Approximately 56% of the children were exposed to the tobacco smoke of one of their parents. Children whose fathers were smokers presented a 40% higher risk of reduced forced expiratory flow at 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF<span class="elsevierStyleInf">75%</span>) and a 30% higher risk of reduced FEF<span class="elsevierStyleInf">25%–75%</span>. Children whose mothers were smokers presented a 30% higher risk of reduced forced expiratory volume in the first second and a 40% higher risk of reduced FEF<span class="elsevierStyleInf">50%</span>. There was a 60% increase in risk of reduced FEF<span class="elsevierStyleInf">75%</span>. The fact that both parents smoked did not appear to increase the risk of reduced lung function.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Parental smoking has a considerable effect on the lung function of children and adolescents. Smoking by either the mother or the father has a decisive influence. The fact that this effect is independent of the growth of the child and that the obstructive effect is located principally in the distal airways appears to confirm the hypothesis that this effect is produced after birth.</p>" ] "es" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Continúa la controversia sobre el efecto del tabaquismo pasivo en los no fumadores. El efecto del tabaquismo de los padres sobre la función pulmonar de los hijos presenta gran variabilidad entre diferentes zonas geográficas, fuente del tabaquismo pasivo y sexos. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido valorar el efecto del tabaquismo de los padres sobre la función pulmonar de sus hijos.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Población y Métodos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hemos llevado a cabo un estudio transversal en una muestra de la población de niños y adolescentes sanos de 6 a 18 años de Galicia, seleccionada mediante un muestreo bietápico en racimos y estratificada por sexo y edad.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Alrededor del 56% de los niños estaban expuestos al humo del tabaco de alguno de sus padres. Los niños de padres fumadores presentaban un 40% más de riesgo de reducción del flujo espiratorio forzado al 75% de la capacidad vital forzada (FEF<span class="elsevierStyleInf">75%</span>), y un 30% de reducción del FEF<span class="elsevierStyleInf">25–75%</span>. Los niños cuyas madres eran fumadoras tenían un 30% más de riesgo de reducción del volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo, y un 40% de reducción del FEF<span class="elsevierStyleInf">50%</span>. El incremento de riesgo de reducción del FEF<span class="elsevierStyleInf">75%</span> fue del 60%. El hecho de que fumaran ambos progenitores no pareció incrementar el riesgo de función pulmonar reducida.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El tabaquismo parental tiene un importante efecto sobre la función pulmonar de niños y adolescentes. Tanto el tabaquismo materno como el paterno influyen decisivamente. El hecho de que este efecto sea independiente del crecimiento del niño y que el efecto obstructivo se localice fundamentalmente en la vía aérea distal parece confirmar la hipótesis de que este efecto se produce después del nacimiento.</p>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">This study was funded by the Universidad de Santiago de Compostela and the Department of Health of the government (Xunta) of the Autonomous Community of Galicia.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "REFERENCES" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:31 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Environmental tobacco smoke and tobacco related mortality in a prospective study of Californians, 196098" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "JE Enstrom" 1 => "GC Kabat" 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 3 | 4 | 7 |
| 2024 October | 32 | 18 | 50 |
| 2024 September | 26 | 19 | 45 |
| 2024 August | 58 | 40 | 98 |
| 2024 July | 29 | 28 | 57 |
| 2024 June | 31 | 26 | 57 |
| 2024 May | 39 | 22 | 61 |
| 2024 April | 21 | 24 | 45 |
| 2024 March | 23 | 14 | 37 |
| 2024 February | 19 | 17 | 36 |
| 2023 March | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 2023 February | 16 | 15 | 31 |
| 2023 January | 20 | 20 | 40 |
| 2022 December | 22 | 36 | 58 |
| 2022 November | 15 | 13 | 28 |
| 2022 October | 21 | 33 | 54 |
| 2022 September | 27 | 26 | 53 |
| 2022 August | 19 | 32 | 51 |
| 2022 July | 16 | 39 | 55 |
| 2022 June | 22 | 32 | 54 |
| 2022 May | 18 | 31 | 49 |
| 2022 April | 17 | 29 | 46 |
| 2022 March | 27 | 32 | 59 |
| 2022 February | 24 | 32 | 56 |
| 2022 January | 15 | 36 | 51 |
| 2021 December | 18 | 45 | 63 |
| 2021 November | 13 | 51 | 64 |
| 2021 October | 26 | 45 | 71 |
| 2021 September | 13 | 60 | 73 |
| 2021 August | 8 | 30 | 38 |
| 2021 July | 17 | 28 | 45 |
| 2021 June | 15 | 30 | 45 |
| 2021 May | 5 | 25 | 30 |
| 2021 April | 47 | 53 | 100 |
| 2021 March | 17 | 9 | 26 |
| 2021 February | 9 | 10 | 19 |
| 2021 January | 11 | 9 | 20 |
| 2020 December | 4 | 8 | 12 |
| 2020 November | 6 | 7 | 13 |
| 2020 October | 13 | 9 | 22 |
| 2020 September | 1 | 4 | 5 |
| 2020 August | 3 | 7 | 10 |
| 2020 July | 12 | 13 | 25 |
| 2020 June | 5 | 3 | 8 |
| 2020 May | 15 | 7 | 22 |
| 2020 April | 16 | 14 | 30 |
| 2020 March | 8 | 7 | 15 |
| 2020 February | 6 | 10 | 16 |
| 2020 January | 12 | 10 | 22 |
| 2019 December | 21 | 7 | 28 |
| 2019 November | 6 | 3 | 9 |
| 2019 October | 3 | 4 | 7 |
| 2019 September | 7 | 5 | 12 |
| 2019 August | 8 | 4 | 12 |
| 2019 July | 15 | 11 | 26 |
| 2019 June | 17 | 6 | 23 |
| 2019 May | 17 | 8 | 25 |
| 2019 April | 21 | 12 | 33 |
| 2019 March | 11 | 13 | 24 |
| 2019 February | 11 | 9 | 20 |
| 2019 January | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| 2018 December | 7 | 11 | 18 |
| 2018 November | 13 | 13 | 26 |
| 2018 October | 17 | 11 | 28 |
| 2018 September | 11 | 9 | 20 |
| 2018 May | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| 2018 April | 11 | 6 | 17 |
| 2018 March | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| 2018 February | 5 | 7 | 12 |
| 2018 January | 6 | 6 | 12 |
| 2017 December | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| 2017 November | 5 | 3 | 8 |
| 2017 October | 5 | 5 | 10 |
| 2017 September | 13 | 7 | 20 |
| 2017 August | 28 | 12 | 40 |
| 2017 July | 3 | 4 | 7 |
| 2017 June | 9 | 9 | 18 |
| 2017 May | 5 | 6 | 11 |
| 2017 April | 2 | 7 | 9 |
| 2017 March | 1 | 16 | 17 |
| 2017 February | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| 2017 January | 2 | 6 | 8 |
| 2016 December | 8 | 12 | 20 |
| 2016 November | 10 | 11 | 21 |
| 2016 October | 12 | 16 | 28 |
| 2016 September | 16 | 13 | 29 |
| 2016 August | 16 | 8 | 24 |
| 2016 July | 14 | 4 | 18 |
| 2016 June | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2016 March | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2016 February | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 December | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 October | 48 | 22 | 70 |
| 2015 September | 75 | 11 | 86 |
| 2015 August | 41 | 19 | 60 |
| 2015 July | 61 | 7 | 68 |
| 2015 June | 57 | 7 | 64 |
| 2015 May | 56 | 5 | 61 |
| 2015 April | 40 | 7 | 47 |
| 2015 March | 50 | 6 | 56 |
| 2015 February | 36 | 6 | 42 |
| 2015 January | 40 | 8 | 48 |
| 2014 December | 50 | 4 | 54 |
| 2014 November | 57 | 11 | 68 |
| 2014 October | 71 | 11 | 82 |
| 2014 September | 71 | 7 | 78 |
| 2014 August | 43 | 9 | 52 |
| 2014 July | 44 | 5 | 49 |
| 2014 June | 75 | 11 | 86 |
| 2014 May | 105 | 10 | 115 |
| 2014 April | 89 | 6 | 95 |
| 2014 March | 240 | 12 | 252 |
| 2014 February | 69 | 7 | 76 |
| 2014 January | 67 | 8 | 75 |
| 2013 December | 41 | 7 | 48 |
| 2013 November | 34 | 3 | 37 |
| 2013 October | 53 | 8 | 61 |
| 2013 September | 49 | 6 | 55 |
| 2013 August | 42 | 5 | 47 |
| 2013 July | 53 | 8 | 61 |
| 2013 June | 29 | 4 | 33 |
| 2013 May | 44 | 6 | 50 |
| 2013 April | 32 | 4 | 36 |
| 2013 March | 8 | 3 | 11 |
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