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Analysis of Respiratory Muscle Structure and Tumor Necrosis and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Expression in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Are Samples Valid if Obtained During Thoracotomy Performed Because of Localized Pulmonary Neoplasia?
C. Casadevalla, C. Coronella, J. Minguellab,c, L. Blancoa,d, M. Orozco-Levia,d, E. Barreiroa, J. Broquetasc,d, J. Geaa,d,e,
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jgea@imim.es
Correspondence: Dr. J. Gea. Servei de Pneumologia. IMIM-Hospital del Mar. Pg. Marítim, 27. 08003 Barcelona. España
Correspondence: Dr. J. Gea. Servei de Pneumologia. IMIM-Hospital del Mar. Pg. Marítim, 27. 08003 Barcelona. España
a Unitat de Recerca en Múscul (URMA), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
b Secció de Cirurgia Toràcica, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
c Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
d Servei de Pneumologia, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
e Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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"apellidos" => "Casadevall" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Coronell" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Minguella" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Blanco" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff4" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." 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"apellidos" => "Gea" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "jgea@imim.es" ] "referencia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff4" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>" "identificador" => "aff5" ] 3 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unitat de Recerca en Múscul (URMA), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Secció de Cirurgia Toràcica, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servei de Pneumologia, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff4" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>" "identificador" => "aff5" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "Correspondence: Dr. J. Gea. Servei de Pneumologia. IMIM-Hospital del Mar. Pg. Marítim, 27. 08003 Barcelona. España" ] ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2003-07-03" "fechaAceptado" => "2003-11-26" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec153407" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Respiratory muscles" 1 => "Fibers" 2 => "TNF-α" 3 => "Growth factor" 4 => "Thoracotomy" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec153408" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Músculos respiratorios" 1 => "Fibras" 2 => "TNF-α" 3 => "Factor de crecimiento" 4 => "Toracotomía" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Various methods have been used to obtain samples to study the structure of human respiratory muscles and the expression of diverse substances in them. Samples are most often obtained from autopsies, from muscle biopsies during thoracotomy performed because of a localized pulmonary lesion (TLL), and from ambulatory thoracoscopic biopsy in patients free of comorbidity (AT). The dis-advantage of the first 2 of these methods lies in the possibility of interference from factors related to the patient's death in the first case or from the disease that necessitated surgery in the second. Although AT is free from the disadvantages of the other 2 methods, it is impossible to obtain samples of the diaphragm—the principal respiratory muscle—with this procedure. The objective of this study was to analyze the fibrous structure of the external intercostal muscle of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and to quantify the expression of the principal inflammatory cytokine—tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)—and of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) in the same muscle, comparing the results obtained with TLL and AT samples.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Prospective and consecutive samples were taken of the external intercostal muscle (fifth space, anterior axillary line) in 15 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (mean [SD] age 66 [6] years; forced expiratory volume in 1 second 49% [9%] of predicted; PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> 75 [9] mm Hg). Samples were taken during TLL (8 patients, all with pulmonary neoplasms but carefully selected in order to rule out systemic effects) or TA (7 patients). Patients with serious comorbidity were excluded from the second group. Samples were processed for structural analysis of fibers (immunohistochemical and enzymatic histochemical) and genetic expression of TNF-α and IGF-1 (real-time polymerase chain reaction).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">NO differences in the structure of fibers were found between the 2 groups. No differences were observed in the expression of TNF-α or IGF-1.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Using rigorous criteria, the TLL method appears to be suitable for studying the structural characteristics and expression of inflammatory cytokines and growth factors in the external intercostal muscle. Moreover, it can also be inferred that TLL is probably also useful for obtaining samples of the diaphragm, a muscle which cannot currently be sampled by any alternative method.</p>" ] "es" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">LOS estudios estructurales y de expresión de diversas sustancias en músculos respiratorios de seres humanos se han servido de diversos modelos para la obtención de las muestras. Entre ellos destacan la toma de tejidos en autopsias, la biopsia muscular en el curso de una toracotomía por lesión pulmonar localizada (TLL) y la biopsia ambulatoria en sujetos sin comorbilidad (TA). Los 2 primeros modelos adolecen de las posibles interferencias de factores relacionados, respectivamente, con la muerte o la enfermedad que motiva el acto quirúrgico. La TA, aunque obvia los inconvenientes de los otros 2 modelos, no permite obtener muestras del diafragma, principal músculo respiratorio. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la estructura fibrilar y expresión de la principal citocina inflamatoria -factor de necrosis tumoral alfa (TNF-α)- y del factor de crecimiento muscular insulina-<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">like</span> (IGF-1) en el músculo intercostal ex-terno de pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, comparando los resultados obtenidos con los mode-los de TLL y TA.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Métodos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se tomaron prospectiva y consecutivamente muestras del músculo intercostal externo (quinto espacio, línea axilar anterior) en 15 pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (66 ± 6 años; volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo del 49 ± 9% ref., presión arterial de oxígeno de 75 ± 9 mmHg). Las muestras se tomaron mediante TLL (8 pacientes, todos ellos con neoplasia pulmonar pero cuidadosamente seleccionados para descartar efec-tos sistémicos) o TA (7 pacientes), excluyéndose en el segundo caso la presencia de comorbilidad importante. Las muestras se procesaron para análisis estructural fibrilar (in-munohistoquímica e histoquímica enzimática) y de expresión génica de TNF-α e IGF-1 (reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El análisis estructural de las fibras no mostró diferencias entre ambos grupos. Tampoco se observaron diferencias en la expresión de TNF-α o IGF-1.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Con criterios de selección rigurosos, el modelo de TLL parece adecuado para el estudio de las caracte-rísticas estructurales y de expresión de citocinas inflamato-rias y factores de crecimiento en el músculo intercostal externo. Puede además inferirse que probablemente la TLL también sea útil para esos objetivos en el caso del diafragma, para el que no existe una técnica alternativa en la actualidad.</p>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Dr. C. Coronell's work was financed by a research grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology (Beca de Movilización de Investigadores y Profesores Extranjeros del Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología ref. 72129052)</p> <p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">This study was jointly financed by the European Union's V Framework Program (ref. QLRT-2000-00417), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology's National Research and Development Plan (Plan Nacional I + D del Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología ref. SAF 2001-0426), and by the Red RESPIRA (RTIC C03/11, FIS, ISC III) of the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR).</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "REFERENCES" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:42 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Costs of chronic bronchitis and COPD: a 1-year follow-up study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M Miravitlles" 1 => "C Murio" 2 => "T Guerrero" 3 => "R Gisbert" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "123" "paginaInicial" => "784" "paginaFinal" => "791" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12628879" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Guías para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la EPOC. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 5 | 2 | 7 |
| 2024 October | 28 | 11 | 39 |
| 2024 September | 27 | 16 | 43 |
| 2024 August | 43 | 32 | 75 |
| 2024 July | 29 | 24 | 53 |
| 2024 June | 32 | 23 | 55 |
| 2024 May | 28 | 22 | 50 |
| 2024 April | 19 | 18 | 37 |
| 2024 March | 15 | 13 | 28 |
| 2024 February | 15 | 21 | 36 |
| 2024 January | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2023 March | 2 | 3 | 5 |
| 2023 February | 16 | 11 | 27 |
| 2023 January | 20 | 24 | 44 |
| 2022 December | 16 | 18 | 34 |
| 2022 November | 22 | 17 | 39 |
| 2022 October | 17 | 25 | 42 |
| 2022 September | 14 | 18 | 32 |
| 2022 August | 27 | 37 | 64 |
| 2022 July | 21 | 25 | 46 |
| 2022 June | 22 | 24 | 46 |
| 2022 May | 30 | 28 | 58 |
| 2022 April | 17 | 21 | 38 |
| 2022 March | 12 | 24 | 36 |
| 2022 February | 13 | 25 | 38 |
| 2022 January | 10 | 41 | 51 |
| 2021 December | 12 | 35 | 47 |
| 2021 November | 17 | 32 | 49 |
| 2021 October | 17 | 42 | 59 |
| 2021 September | 19 | 33 | 52 |
| 2021 August | 10 | 31 | 41 |
| 2021 July | 11 | 22 | 33 |
| 2021 June | 12 | 31 | 43 |
| 2021 May | 13 | 29 | 42 |
| 2021 April | 30 | 43 | 73 |
| 2021 March | 11 | 24 | 35 |
| 2021 February | 11 | 14 | 25 |
| 2021 January | 10 | 9 | 19 |
| 2020 December | 9 | 11 | 20 |
| 2020 November | 3 | 7 | 10 |
| 2020 October | 11 | 10 | 21 |
| 2020 September | 5 | 5 | 10 |
| 2020 August | 9 | 6 | 15 |
| 2020 July | 12 | 14 | 26 |
| 2020 June | 8 | 2 | 10 |
| 2020 May | 9 | 20 | 29 |
| 2020 April | 13 | 15 | 28 |
| 2020 March | 18 | 8 | 26 |
| 2020 February | 21 | 14 | 35 |
| 2020 January | 17 | 17 | 34 |
| 2019 December | 18 | 12 | 30 |
| 2019 November | 9 | 7 | 16 |
| 2019 October | 8 | 7 | 15 |
| 2019 September | 10 | 9 | 19 |
| 2019 August | 16 | 6 | 22 |
| 2019 July | 10 | 15 | 25 |
| 2019 June | 6 | 7 | 13 |
| 2019 May | 13 | 5 | 18 |
| 2019 April | 10 | 12 | 22 |
| 2019 March | 12 | 10 | 22 |
| 2019 February | 12 | 7 | 19 |
| 2019 January | 2 | 7 | 9 |
| 2018 December | 7 | 11 | 18 |
| 2018 November | 11 | 10 | 21 |
| 2018 October | 19 | 19 | 38 |
| 2018 September | 8 | 11 | 19 |
| 2018 May | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2018 April | 14 | 8 | 22 |
| 2018 March | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 2018 February | 5 | 8 | 13 |
| 2018 January | 4 | 10 | 14 |
| 2017 December | 4 | 5 | 9 |
| 2017 November | 5 | 8 | 13 |
| 2017 October | 7 | 7 | 14 |
| 2017 September | 7 | 9 | 16 |
| 2017 August | 10 | 9 | 19 |
| 2017 July | 5 | 6 | 11 |
| 2017 June | 7 | 10 | 17 |
| 2017 May | 7 | 4 | 11 |
| 2017 April | 4 | 4 | 8 |
| 2017 March | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| 2017 February | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| 2017 January | 4 | 5 | 9 |
| 2016 December | 11 | 5 | 16 |
| 2016 November | 14 | 7 | 21 |
| 2016 October | 12 | 19 | 31 |
| 2016 September | 6 | 5 | 11 |
| 2016 August | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| 2016 July | 5 | 3 | 8 |
| 2016 March | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 December | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 October | 37 | 1 | 38 |
| 2015 September | 29 | 7 | 36 |
| 2015 August | 25 | 5 | 30 |
| 2015 July | 42 | 9 | 51 |
| 2015 June | 34 | 4 | 38 |
| 2015 May | 38 | 5 | 43 |
| 2015 April | 31 | 8 | 39 |
| 2015 March | 29 | 7 | 36 |
| 2015 February | 21 | 2 | 23 |
| 2015 January | 31 | 7 | 38 |
| 2014 December | 31 | 5 | 36 |
| 2014 November | 28 | 5 | 33 |
| 2014 October | 48 | 6 | 54 |
| 2014 September | 27 | 5 | 32 |
| 2014 August | 77 | 9 | 86 |
| 2014 July | 29 | 4 | 33 |
| 2014 June | 35 | 6 | 41 |
| 2014 May | 51 | 8 | 59 |
| 2014 April | 70 | 4 | 74 |
| 2014 March | 47 | 10 | 57 |
| 2014 February | 57 | 7 | 64 |
| 2014 January | 39 | 9 | 48 |
| 2013 December | 48 | 7 | 55 |
| 2013 November | 29 | 6 | 35 |
| 2013 October | 41 | 2 | 43 |
| 2013 September | 34 | 21 | 55 |
| 2013 August | 45 | 9 | 54 |
| 2013 July | 52 | 28 | 80 |
| 2013 June | 42 | 6 | 48 |
| 2013 May | 34 | 5 | 39 |
| 2013 April | 20 | 4 | 24 |
| 2013 March | 6 | 2 | 8 |
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