Original Articles
Effect of Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations Requiring Hospitalization: a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
Juan Abreu Gonzáleza,
, Concepción Hernández García, Pedro Abreu Gonzálezb, Candelaria Martín Garcíaa, Alejandro Jiménezc
Corresponding author
juan_abre@hotmail.com
Correspondence: Dr. J. Abreu González. Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Universitario de Canarias. Ofra, s/n. 38320 La Laguna. Santa Cruz de Tenerife. España
Correspondence: Dr. J. Abreu González. Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Universitario de Canarias. Ofra, s/n. 38320 La Laguna. Santa Cruz de Tenerife. España
a Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
b Departamento de Fistología Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
c Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
Read
9776
Timeswas read the article
2913
Total PDF
6863
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:23 [ "pii" => "S157921290660551X" "issn" => "15792129" "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(06)60551-X" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2006-08-01" "aid" => "60551" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)" "copyrightAnyo" => "2006" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2006;42:384-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 7408 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 106 "HTML" => 5918 "PDF" => 1384 ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1579212906605521" "issn" => "15792129" "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(06)60552-1" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2006-08-01" "aid" => "60552" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2006;42:388-93" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 3217 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 107 "HTML" => 2535 "PDF" => 575 ] ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Articles</span>" "titulo" => "Bacterial Etiology of Chronic Bronchitis Exacerbations Treated by Primary Care Physicians" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "388" "paginaFinal" => "393" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Carles Llor, Josep Maria Cots, Amadeo Herreras" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Carles" "apellidos" => "Llor" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Josep Maria" "apellidos" => "Cots" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Amadeo" "apellidos" => "Herreras" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212906605521?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/15792129/0000004200000008/v1_201305150251/S1579212906605521/v1_201305150251/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1579212906605508" "issn" => "15792129" "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(06)60550-8" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2006-08-01" "aid" => "60550" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2006;42:380-3" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2354 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 91 "HTML" => 1500 "PDF" => 763 ] ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Articles</span>" "titulo" => "Quantifying Plasma Levels of Transforming Growth Factor β<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "380" "paginaFinal" => "383" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "María Molina-Molina, Sergio Lario, Patricio Luburich, José Ramírez, María Teresa Carrión, Antoni Xaubet" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "María" "apellidos" => "Molina-Molina" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Sergio" "apellidos" => "Lario" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Patricio" "apellidos" => "Luburich" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "José" "apellidos" => "Ramírez" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "María Teresa" "apellidos" => "Carrión" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Antoni" "apellidos" => "Xaubet" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212906605508?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/15792129/0000004200000008/v1_201305150251/S1579212906605508/v1_201305150251/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:14 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Articles</span>" "titulo" => "Effect of Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations Requiring Hospitalization: a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "384" "paginaFinal" => "387" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Juan Abreu González, Concepción Hernández García, Pedro Abreu González, Candelaria Martín García, Alejandro Jiménez" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Juan Abreu" "apellidos" => "González" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "juan_abre@hotmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Concepción Hernández" "apellidos" => "García" ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Pedro Abreu" "apellidos" => "González" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Candelaria Martín" "apellidos" => "García" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Alejandro" "apellidos" => "Jiménez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Fistología Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "Correspondence: Dr. J. Abreu González. Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Universitario de Canarias. Ofra, s/n. 38320 La Laguna. Santa Cruz de Tenerife. España" ] ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2005-05-03" "fechaAceptado" => "2006-01-03" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154476" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD" 1 => "Magnesium sulfate" 2 => "Bronchodilator agents" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154477" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC)" 1 => "Sulfato de magnesio" 2 => "Broncodilatadores" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Magnesium sulfate has been shown to have a bronchodilating effect in asthma, but this effect has not been clearly established in the context of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). For this reason we investigated the possible bronchodilating effect of magnesium sulfate in COPD exacerbations.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We studied 24 patients with exacerbated COPD who required admission to our hospital's pneumology department. All patients underwent baseline spirometry and were subsequently randomized to groups in a double-blind crossover design. Patients received 1.5 g of magnesium sulfate or placebo in an intravenous solution for 20 minutes. Those who received magnesium sulfate the first day were given placebo the second day, and vice versa. Spirometry was performed 15, 30, and 45 minutes after administration of magnesium sulfate or placebo. Finally, 400 μg of salbutamol were administered using a spacer and a final spirometry was performed 15 minutes later. All patients also received treatment with corticosteroids, intravenous antibiotics, oxygen, and regularly-scheduled bronchodilator therapy (salbutamol and ipratropium bromide every 6 hours).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">When we compared absolute increase in liters and percentage increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>) obtained with magnesium sulfate application to the increases obtained with placebo after 15, 30, and 45 minutes, no significant differences were found. When we compared absolute and percentage increases in FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> after administering salbutamol, we found significantly greater increases after magnesium sulfate administration. The mean (SD) absolute increase in FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> was 0.185 (0.42) L after magnesium sulfate administration and 0.081 (0.01) L after placebo (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=.004). The percentage increase in FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> was 17.11% (3.7%) after magnesium sulfate and 7.06% (1.8%) after placebo (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=.008).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Intravenous administration of magnesium sulfate has no bronchodilating effect in patients with COPD exacerbations. It does, however, enhance the bronchodilating effect of inhaled β<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>-agonists.</p>" ] "es" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El sulfato de magnesio (SM) ha demostrado tener en el asma bronquial un efecto broncodilatador, que resulta dudoso en el caso de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). Por ello hemos llevado a cabo un estudio con el objetivo de investigar el posible efecto broncodilatador del SM intravenoso en la EPOC agudizada.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y métodos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se estudió a 24 pacientes diagnosticados de EPOC agudizada que requirieron ingreso en la Unidad de Hospitalizaciön de Neumología. A cada uno se le realizó una espirometría basal. Posteriormente, se efectuó una aleatorización a doble ciego y cruzada de los pacientes para recibir 1,5 g de SM o placebo en solución intravenosa (20 min). A quienes el primer día recibieron SM se les administró placebo el segundo día, y al revés. Se realizaron espirometrías a los 15, 30 y 45 min de la administración de SM o placebo. Por último, se administraron 400 μg de salbutamol inhalados mediante cámara espaciadora y a los 15 min se realizó una última espirometría. Todos los enfermos recibieron además tratamiento con esteroides, antibióticos intravenosos, oxígeno y broncodilatadores pautados (salbutamol y bromuro de ipratropio cada 6 h).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cuando se compararon los incrementos absolutes (en ml) y porcentuales del volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo (FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>) obtenidos con SM y placebo a los 15, 30 y 45 min, no se encontraron diferencias significativas. Al comparar los incrementos absolutos y porcentuales del FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> tras la administración de salbutamol se observaron incrementos significativos con el SM (incrementos absolutos FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> SM/placebo: 0,185 ± 0,42 frente a 0,081 ± 0,01 l; p = 0,004. Incrementos porcentuales FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> SM/placebo: 17,11 ± 3,7% frente al 7,06 ± 1,8%; p = 0,008).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La administración de SM intravenoso carece de efecto broncodilatador en pacientes con EPOC agudizada; sin embargo, sí potencia dicho efecto de los betamiméticos inhalados.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:23 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "R Rodríguez-Roisin" 1 => "W Macnee" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "7" "paginaInicial" => "107" "paginaFinal" => "126" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Actualización de las recomendaciones ALAT sobre la exacerbación infecciosa de la EPOC" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "colaboracion" => "Grupo de trabajo de la Asociación Latinoamericana del Tórax (ALAT)" "etal" => false ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "40" "paginaInicial" => "315" "paginaFinal" => "325" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15225518" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0001731011000159" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "00017310" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib3" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Patient selection for COPD therapy" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "PMA Calverley" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir Rev" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "9" "paginaInicial" => "179" "paginaFinal" => "183" ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib4" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Assessment of bronchodilator efficacy in symptomatic COPD" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "DE O'Donnell" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "117" "paginaInicial" => "42S" "paginaFinal" => "47S" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10673474" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib5" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of salbutamol on dynamic hyperinflation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "C Tantucci" 1 => "A Duguet" 2 => "T Similowski" 3 => "M Zelter" 4 => "JP Derenne" 5 => "J Milic-Emili" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "12" "paginaInicial" => "799" "paginaFinal" => "804" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9817148" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib6" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bronchodilator in chronic air-flow limitation. Effects on airway function, exercise capacity, and quality of life" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "GH Guyatt" 1 => "M Townsend" 2 => "SO Pugsley" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/arrd.1987.135.5.1069" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am Rev Respir Dis" "fecha" => "1987" "volumen" => "135" "paginaInicial" => "1069" "paginaFinal" => "1074" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3579005" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib7" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of parenteral magnesium sulfate on pulmonary functions in bronchial asthma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "SK Sharma" 1 => "A Bhargava" 2 => "JN Pande" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Asthma" "fecha" => "1994" "volumen" => "31" "paginaInicial" => "109" "paginaFinal" => "115" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8175629" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib8" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Intravenous magnesium sulfate for treatment of acute asthma in the emergency department" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "EM Skobeloff" 1 => "WH Spivey" 2 => "RM McNamara" 3 => "L Greenspont" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "JAMA" "fecha" => "1989" "volumen" => "262" "paginaInicial" => "1210" "paginaFinal" => "1213" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2761061" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib9" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Intravenous magnesium sulfate in acute severe asthma not responding to conventional therapy" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "PR Devi" 1 => "L Kumar" 2 => "SC Singhi" 3 => "R Prasad" 4 => "M Singh" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Indian Pediatr" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "34" "paginaInicial" => "389" "paginaFinal" => "397" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9332112" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0735109710007631" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "07351097" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib10" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Acute Asthma/Magnesium Study Group. IV magnesium sulfate in the treatment of acute severe asthma: a multicenter randomized controlled trial" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "RA Silverman" 1 => "H Osborn" 2 => "J Runge" 3 => "EJ Gallagher" 4 => "W Chian" 5 => "J Feldman" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "122" "paginaInicial" => "489" "paginaFinal" => "497" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12171821" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib11" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Magnesium sulphate administered via continuous intravenous infusion in pediatric patients with refractory wheezing" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "ML Glover" 1 => "C Machado" 2 => "BR Totapally" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Crit Care" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "17" "paginaInicial" => "255" "paginaFinal" => "258" ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib12" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Magnesium sulfate in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "MS Skorodin" 1 => "MF Tenholder" 2 => "B Yetter" 3 => "KA Owen" 4 => "RF Waller" 5 => "S Khandelwahl" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Intern Med" "fecha" => "1995" "volumen" => "155" "paginaInicial" => "496" "paginaFinal" => "500" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7864705" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0140673606692295" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01406736" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib13" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Espirometría forzada" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J Sanchís Aldás" 1 => "P Casan Clarà" 2 => "J Castillo Gómez" 3 => "N González Mangado" 4 => "L Palenciano Ballesteros" 5 => "J Roca Torrent" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "Recomendaciones SEPAR" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "18" "serieFecha" => "1998" ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib14" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Patient use of peak monitoring" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "NM Clark" 1 => "D Evans" 2 => "RB Mellis" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am Rev Respir Dis" "fecha" => "1992" "volumen" => "154" "paginaInicial" => "722" "paginaFinal" => "725" ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib15" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of subject effort on pulmonary function measures: a preliminary investigation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "DL Haren" 1 => "RJ Marion" 2 => "H Kotses" 3 => "JL Creer" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Asthma" "fecha" => "1984" "volumen" => "21" "paginaInicial" => "295" "paginaFinal" => "298" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6501168" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib16" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The role of the peak flow meter in the diagnosis and management of asthma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "D Cross" 1 => "HS Nelson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Allergy Clin Immunol" "fecha" => "1991" "volumen" => "87" "paginaInicial" => "120" "paginaFinal" => "128" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1825099" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib17" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Magnesium sulfate as a vehicle for nebulized salbutamol in acute asthma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "LJ Nannini" 1 => "JC Pendino" 2 => "RA Corna" 3 => "S Mannarino" 4 => "R Quispe" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Med" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "108" "paginaInicial" => "193" "paginaFinal" => "197" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10723972" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib18" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Magnesium sulfate potentiates several cardiovascular and metabolic actions of terbutaline" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "MS Skorodin" 1 => "PC Freebeck" 2 => "B Yetter" 3 => "JE Nelson" 4 => "WB van de Graff" 5 => "J Walsch" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "1994" "volumen" => "105" "paginaInicial" => "701" "paginaFinal" => "705" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8131528" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0735109705014853" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "07351097" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib19" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Interactions of magnesium with direct and indirect-acting sympathomimetic amines" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "HG Classen" 1 => "R Jacob" 2 => "H Schimatschek" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Mag Bull" "fecha" => "1987" "volumen" => "9" "paginaInicial" => "80" "paginaFinal" => "87" ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib20" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHL/WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Workshop summary" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "colaboracion" => "the GOLD Scientific Committee" "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "RA Pauwles" 1 => "AS Buits" 2 => "PM Calverley" 3 => "CR Jenkins" 4 => "SS Hurd" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.163.5.2101039" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "163" "paginaInicial" => "1256" "paginaFinal" => "1276" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11316667" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib21" "etiqueta" => "21" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Guía clínica para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "JA Barberá" 1 => "G Peces-Barba" 2 => "AGN Agustí" 3 => "JL Izquierdo" 4 => "E Monsó" 5 => "T Montemayor" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "37" "paginaInicial" => "297" "paginaFinal" => "316" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11412529" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib22" "etiqueta" => "22" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Failure of inhaled corticosteroids to modify bronchoconstrictor or bronchodilator responsiveness in middle-aged smokers with mild airflow obstruction" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A Watson" 1 => "TK Lim" 2 => "H Joyce" 3 => "NB Pride" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "1992" "volumen" => "101" "paginaInicial" => "350" "paginaFinal" => "355" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1735253" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib23" "etiqueta" => "23" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Moderate dose inhaled corticosteroids plus salmeterol versus higher doses of inhaled corticosteroids in symptomatic asthma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M Masoli" 1 => "M Weatherall" 2 => "S Holt" 3 => "R Beasley" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/thx.2004.039180" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Thorax" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "60" "paginaInicial" => "730" "paginaFinal" => "734" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16135679" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0001731010004503" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "00017310" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/15792129/0000004200000008/v1_201305150251/S157921290660551X/v1_201305150251/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => null "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/15792129/0000004200000008/v1_201305150251/S157921290660551X/v1_201305150251/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00003Z&text.app=https://archbronconeumol.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S157921290660551X?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 5 | 1 | 6 |
| 2024 October | 33 | 18 | 51 |
| 2024 September | 37 | 19 | 56 |
| 2024 August | 39 | 44 | 83 |
| 2024 July | 28 | 64 | 92 |
| 2024 June | 43 | 82 | 125 |
| 2024 May | 45 | 57 | 102 |
| 2024 April | 13 | 22 | 35 |
| 2024 March | 19 | 25 | 44 |
| 2024 February | 19 | 20 | 39 |
| 2023 March | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| 2023 February | 22 | 19 | 41 |
| 2023 January | 22 | 34 | 56 |
| 2022 December | 25 | 27 | 52 |
| 2022 November | 22 | 23 | 45 |
| 2022 October | 28 | 59 | 87 |
| 2022 September | 25 | 29 | 54 |
| 2022 August | 17 | 28 | 45 |
| 2022 July | 22 | 40 | 62 |
| 2022 June | 14 | 37 | 51 |
| 2022 May | 16 | 36 | 52 |
| 2022 April | 22 | 35 | 57 |
| 2022 March | 17 | 37 | 54 |
| 2022 February | 19 | 32 | 51 |
| 2022 January | 22 | 37 | 59 |
| 2021 December | 15 | 51 | 66 |
| 2021 November | 19 | 51 | 70 |
| 2021 October | 28 | 56 | 84 |
| 2021 September | 14 | 56 | 70 |
| 2021 August | 13 | 37 | 50 |
| 2021 July | 12 | 32 | 44 |
| 2021 June | 18 | 38 | 56 |
| 2021 May | 15 | 34 | 49 |
| 2021 April | 46 | 62 | 108 |
| 2021 March | 33 | 41 | 74 |
| 2021 February | 13 | 25 | 38 |
| 2021 January | 11 | 10 | 21 |
| 2020 December | 18 | 16 | 34 |
| 2020 November | 14 | 29 | 43 |
| 2020 October | 14 | 24 | 38 |
| 2020 September | 7 | 14 | 21 |
| 2020 August | 14 | 19 | 33 |
| 2020 July | 10 | 20 | 30 |
| 2020 June | 3 | 12 | 15 |
| 2020 May | 15 | 14 | 29 |
| 2020 April | 18 | 29 | 47 |
| 2020 March | 16 | 18 | 34 |
| 2020 February | 10 | 30 | 40 |
| 2020 January | 20 | 24 | 44 |
| 2019 December | 11 | 26 | 37 |
| 2019 November | 25 | 23 | 48 |
| 2019 October | 11 | 21 | 32 |
| 2019 September | 12 | 21 | 33 |
| 2019 August | 11 | 23 | 34 |
| 2019 July | 9 | 23 | 32 |
| 2019 June | 7 | 50 | 57 |
| 2019 May | 20 | 31 | 51 |
| 2019 April | 25 | 44 | 69 |
| 2019 March | 20 | 25 | 45 |
| 2019 February | 18 | 27 | 45 |
| 2019 January | 14 | 26 | 40 |
| 2018 December | 11 | 29 | 40 |
| 2018 November | 24 | 20 | 44 |
| 2018 October | 29 | 36 | 65 |
| 2018 September | 9 | 24 | 33 |
| 2018 May | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| 2018 April | 19 | 36 | 55 |
| 2018 March | 10 | 63 | 73 |
| 2018 February | 6 | 26 | 32 |
| 2018 January | 4 | 28 | 32 |
| 2017 December | 4 | 15 | 19 |
| 2017 November | 4 | 23 | 27 |
| 2017 October | 5 | 19 | 24 |
| 2017 September | 6 | 25 | 31 |
| 2017 August | 8 | 33 | 41 |
| 2017 July | 3 | 8 | 11 |
| 2017 June | 7 | 17 | 24 |
| 2017 May | 6 | 23 | 29 |
| 2017 April | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| 2017 March | 1 | 12 | 13 |
| 2017 February | 1 | 9 | 10 |
| 2017 January | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| 2016 December | 8 | 6 | 14 |
| 2016 November | 16 | 12 | 28 |
| 2016 October | 21 | 13 | 34 |
| 2016 September | 11 | 12 | 23 |
| 2016 August | 8 | 5 | 13 |
| 2016 July | 14 | 5 | 19 |
| 2016 March | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2015 December | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 October | 239 | 26 | 265 |
| 2015 September | 205 | 15 | 220 |
| 2015 August | 189 | 21 | 210 |
| 2015 July | 261 | 16 | 277 |
| 2015 June | 178 | 11 | 189 |
| 2015 May | 196 | 21 | 217 |
| 2015 April | 192 | 36 | 228 |
| 2015 March | 249 | 19 | 268 |
| 2015 February | 208 | 9 | 217 |
| 2015 January | 269 | 14 | 283 |
| 2014 December | 178 | 9 | 187 |
| 2014 November | 175 | 13 | 188 |
| 2014 October | 208 | 10 | 218 |
| 2014 September | 195 | 13 | 208 |
| 2014 August | 179 | 10 | 189 |
| 2014 July | 191 | 9 | 200 |
| 2014 June | 205 | 11 | 216 |
| 2014 May | 232 | 15 | 247 |
| 2014 April | 205 | 15 | 220 |
| 2014 March | 212 | 23 | 235 |
| 2014 February | 203 | 15 | 218 |
| 2014 January | 253 | 14 | 267 |
| 2013 December | 142 | 14 | 156 |
| 2013 November | 103 | 19 | 122 |
| 2013 October | 112 | 24 | 136 |
| 2013 September | 95 | 9 | 104 |
| 2013 August | 90 | 13 | 103 |
| 2013 July | 89 | 23 | 112 |
| 2013 June | 75 | 18 | 93 |
| 2013 May | 71 | 12 | 83 |
| 2013 April | 43 | 17 | 60 |
| 2013 March | 16 | 3 | 19 |
Show all
