Original Articles
Systemic and Lung Inflammation in 2 Phenotypes of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
José Luis Izquierdoa,
, Carlos Almonacida, Trinidad Parrab, Jaime Pérezb
Corresponding author
jlizquierdo@sescam.org
Correspondence: Dr. J.L. Izquierdo. Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Universitario. Donantes de Sangre, s/n. 19002 Guadalajara. España
Correspondence: Dr. J.L. Izquierdo. Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Universitario. Donantes de Sangre, s/n. 19002 Guadalajara. España
Read
4650
Timeswas read the article
1810
Total PDF
2840
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:23 [ "pii" => "S1579212906605429" "issn" => "15792129" "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(06)60542-9" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2006-07-01" "aid" => "60542" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)" "copyrightAnyo" => "2006" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2006;42:332-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2378 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 114 "HTML" => 1669 "PDF" => 595 ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1579212906605430" "issn" => "15792129" "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(06)60543-0" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2006-07-01" "aid" => "60543" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2006;42:338-43" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 3452 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 127 "HTML" => 2576 "PDF" => 749 ] ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Articles</span>" "titulo" => "Optimizing Exercise Performance With a Continuously Paced Shuttle Walk Test for Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "338" "paginaFinal" => "343" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Fernanda W. Rosa, Aquiles Camelier, Anamaria Mayer, José R. Jardim" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "preGrado" => "Dr." "nombre" => "Fernanda W." "apellidos" => "Rosa" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Aquiles" "apellidos" => "Camelier" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Anamaria" "apellidos" => "Mayer" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "José R." "apellidos" => "Jardim" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212906605430?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/15792129/0000004200000007/v1_201305150248/S1579212906605430/v1_201305150248/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1579212906605417" "issn" => "15792129" "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(06)60541-7" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2006-07-01" "aid" => "60541" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2006;42:326-31" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2241 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 131 "HTML" => 1584 "PDF" => 526 ] ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Articles</span>" "titulo" => "Spirometry in Primary Care in Navarre, Spain" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "326" "paginaFinal" => "331" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Javier Hueto, Pilar Cebollero, Idoya Pasca, José Antonio Cascante, Víctor Manuel Eguía, Francisco Teruel, Manuel Carpintero" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:3 [ "preGrado" => "Dr." "nombre" => "Javier" "apellidos" => "Hueto" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Pilar" "apellidos" => "Cebollero" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Idoya" "apellidos" => "Pasca" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "José Antonio" "apellidos" => "Cascante" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Víctor Manuel" "apellidos" => "Eguía" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Francisco" "apellidos" => "Teruel" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Manuel" "apellidos" => "Carpintero" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212906605417?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/15792129/0000004200000007/v1_201305150248/S1579212906605417/v1_201305150248/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:15 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Articles</span>" "titulo" => "Systemic and Lung Inflammation in 2 Phenotypes of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "332" "paginaFinal" => "337" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "José Luis Izquierdo, Carlos Almonacid, Trinidad Parra, Jaime Pérez" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "José Luis" "apellidos" => "Izquierdo" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "jlizquierdo@sescam.org" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Carlos" "apellidos" => "Almonacid" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Trinidad" "apellidos" => "Parra" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Jaime" "apellidos" => "Pérez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario, Guadalajara, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario, Guadalajara, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "Correspondence: Dr. J.L. Izquierdo. Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Universitario. Donantes de Sangre, s/n. 19002 Guadalajara. España" ] ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2005-09-19" "fechaAceptado" => "2005-11-15" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154428" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "COPD" 1 => "Phenotype" 2 => "Inflammation" 3 => "Oxidative stress" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154429" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "EPOC" 1 => "Fenotipo" 2 => "Inflamación" 3 => "Estrés oxidativo" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To study whether patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at the same level of flow limitation but with different clinical phenotypes present different degrees of systemic and/or pulmonary inflammation.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We studied 15 male smokers without COPD (control group) and 39 males with COPD in stable clinical condition.</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The COPD patients were assigned to 2 groups based on the ratio of carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO) to alveolar volume (DLCO/VA) expressed as a percentage as follows: <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a</span>) mainly emphysema (n=15) and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b</span>) mainly chronic bronchitis (n=24). Classification was determined by comparing both clinical features and diagnostic images.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mean (SD) concentrations of interleukin 8 (IL-8) and 8-isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) were significantly lower in patients with mainly emphysema (IL-8, 0.34 [0.70] pg/mL; 8-isoprostane, 0.07 [0.26] pg/mL) than in patients with chronic bronchitis (IL-8, 2.32 [3.10] pg/mL; 8-isoprostane, 1.77 [2.98] pg/mL) or in the controls (IL-8, 3.14 [4.59] pg/mL; 8-isoprostane, 1.92 [2.84] pg/mL); <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><.05 for IL-8 comparisons and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><.01 for 8-isoprostane.</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">IL-8, leukotriene B<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>, and 8-isoprostano in EBC correlated significantly with DLCO/VA (% of predicted) (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span>=0.30, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><.05; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span>=0.29, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=<.05; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span>=0.46, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><.01, respectively) but not with forced expiratory volume in 1 second. There was a negative correlation between EBC and serum levels of both IL-8 (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span>=−0.31; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><.05) and 8-isoprostane (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span>=−0.51; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><.001). The correlation between leukotriene B<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span> concentrations in EBC and serum was not significant, however.</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">No significant differences were found between smokers' and ex-smokers' serum levels of IL-8, leukotriene B<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>, 8-isoprostane in serum or EBC.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The results indicate that COPD patients with an emphysematous phenotype have a less intense inflammatory response and less oxidative stress in the lung.</p>" ] "es" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Investigar si los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) con un mismo grado de limitación ventilatoria, pero diferente fenotipo clínico, presentan diferencias en el grado de respuesta inflamatoria pulmonar y/o sistémica.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y métodos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se estudió a 15 varones fumadores sin EPOC (grupo control) y a 39 varones con EPOC en situación clínica estable. Usando la relación factor de transferencia de monóxido de carbono/volumen alveolar (TLCO/VA%), se dividió a los pacientes con EPOC en 2 grupos: <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a</span>) EPOC de predominio enfisema (EPOC-A; n = 15), y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b</span>) EPOC de predominio bronquitis crónica (EPOC-B; n = 24). La correcta clasificación de los pacientes se confirmó analizando aspectos clínicos y técnicas de imagen.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las concentraciones medias ± DE de interleucina-8 (IL-8) y de 8-isoprostano en el condensado de aire exhalado (CAE) fueron significativamente menores (p < 0,05 para la IL-8 y p < 0,01 para el 8-isoprostano) en los pacientes con predominio enfisematoso (IL-8: 0,34 ± 0,70 pg/ml; 8-isoprostano: 0,07 ± 0,26 pg/ml) que en los pacientes con bronquitis crónica (IL-8: 2,32 ± 3,10 pg/ml; 8-isoprostano: 1,77 ± 2,98 pg/ml) o que en los controles (IL-8: 3,14 ± 4,59 pg/ml; 8-isoprostano: 1,92 ± 2,84 pg/ml). Los valores de IL-8, leucotrieno B<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span> y 8-isoprostano en el CAE se relacionaron significativamente con los valores de TLCO/VA % (r = 0,30, p < 0,05; r = 0,29, p = < 0,05, y r = 0,46; p < 0,01, respectivamente), pero no con el volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo. Existió una relación negativa entre los valores de IL-8 (r = -0,31; p < 0,05) y 8-isoprostano (r = -0,51; p < 0,001) en suero y CAE. Sin embargo, esta correlación no fue significativa para el leucotrieno B<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre fumadores activos y ex fumadores para IL-8, leucotrieno B<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span> y 8-isoprostano en suero y CAE.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los resultados de este estudio indican que en pacientes con EPOC la presencia de un fenotipo enfisematoso se acompaña de una menor respuesta inflamatoria y menor estrés oxidativo en el pulmón.</p>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">This research was funded by Neuromadrid and SESCAM grant number GC03002.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:26 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS/ERS position paper" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "Celli BR" 1 => "MacNee W" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "23" "paginaInicial" => "932" "paginaFinal" => "946" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15219010" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Centrilobular and panlobular emphysema in smokers. Two distinct morphological and functional entities" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "Kim WD" 1 => "Eidelman D" 2 => "Izquierdo JL" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm/144.6.1385" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am Rev Respir Dis" "fecha" => "1991" "volumen" => "144" "paginaInicial" => "1385" "paginaFinal" => "1390" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1741553" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib3" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/WHO global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD) workshop summary" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "Pauwels RA" 1 => "Buist AS" 2 => "Calverley PMA" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.163.5.2101039" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "163" "paginaInicial" => "1256" "paginaFinal" => "1276" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11316667" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib4" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Iron-deficiency anaemia: its effect on transfer factor for the lung (diffusing capacity) and ventilation and cardiac frequency during submaximal exercise" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "Cotes JE" 1 => "Dabbs JM" 2 => "Elwood PC" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Sci" "fecha" => "1972" "volumen" => "42" "paginaInicial" => "325" "paginaFinal" => "335" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5013875" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib5" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Response of whole-body protein and urea turnover to exercise differs between patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with and without emphysema" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "Engelen MP" 1 => "Deutz NE" 2 => "Mostert R" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Clin Nutr" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "77" "paginaInicial" => "868" "paginaFinal" => "874" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12663285" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib6" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Different patterns of chronic tissue wasting among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "Engelen MP" 1 => "Schools AM" 2 => "Lamers RJ" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1054/clnu.1999.0030" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Nutr" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "18" "paginaInicial" => "275" "paginaFinal" => "280" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10601534" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib7" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Systemic effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "Agusti AG" 1 => "Noguera A" 2 => "Sauleda J" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "21" "paginaInicial" => "347" "paginaFinal" => "360" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12608452" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib8" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Increased exhalation of hydrogen peroxide in patients with stable and unstable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "Dekhuijzen PN" 1 => "Aben KK" 2 => "Dekker I" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.154.3.8810624" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "154" "paginaInicial" => "813" "paginaFinal" => "816" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8810624" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib9" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The interrelationship of sputum inflammatory markers in patients with chronic bronchitis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "Hill AT" 1 => "Bayley D" 2 => "Stockley RA" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.160.3.9901091" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "160" "paginaInicial" => "893" "paginaFinal" => "898" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10471615" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib10" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Exhaled leukotrienes and prostaglandins in COPD" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "Montuschi P" 1 => "Kharitonov SA" 2 => "Ciabattoni G" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Thorax" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "58" "paginaInicial" => "585" "paginaFinal" => "588" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12832671" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0735109700005313" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "07351097" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib11" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Serum leukotriene B<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span> levels in patients with obstructive pulmonary disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "Seggev JS" 1 => "Thornton WH Jr" 2 => "Edes TE" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "1991" "volumen" => "99" "paginaInicial" => "289" "paginaFinal" => "291" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1846571" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib12" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Airway inflammation in COPD assessed by sputum levels of interleukin-8" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "Yamamoto C" 1 => "Yoneda T" 2 => "Yoshikawa M" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "112" "paginaInicial" => "505" "paginaFinal" => "510" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9266891" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib13" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Exhaled 8-isoprostane as an <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vivo</span> biomarker of lung oxidative stress in patients with COPD and healthy smokers" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "Montuschi P" 1 => "Collins JV" 2 => "Ciabattoni G" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.162.3.2001063" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "162" "paginaInicial" => "1175" "paginaFinal" => "1177" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10988150" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib14" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Exhaled leukotrienes and prostaglandins in COPD" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "Montuschi P" 1 => "Kharitonov SA" 2 => "Ciabattoni G" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Thorax" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "58" "paginaInicial" => "585" "paginaFinal" => "588" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12832671" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib15" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Extent of centrilobular and panacinar emphysema in smokers' lungs: pathological and mechanical implications" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "Saetta M" 1 => "Kim WD" 2 => "Izquierdo JL" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "1994" "volumen" => "7" "paginaInicial" => "664" "paginaFinal" => "671" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8005246" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib16" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Exhaled markers of pulmonary disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "Kharitonov SA" 1 => "Barnes P" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "163" "paginaInicial" => "1693" "paginaFinal" => "1722" ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib17" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Utility of transfer factor to detect different bronchodilator responses in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "Izquierdo Alonso JL" 1 => "Sánchez Hernández I" 2 => "Fernández Francés J" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Respiration" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "65" "paginaInicial" => "282" "paginaFinal" => "288" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9730794" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib18" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Response to corticosteroids in chronic airflow obstruction: Relationship to emphysema and airways collapse" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "Weir DC" 1 => "Gove IR" 2 => "Robertson AS" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "1991" "volumen" => "4" "paginaInicial" => "1185" "paginaFinal" => "1190" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1804665" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib19" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The use of criteria for reversibility and obstruction to define patient groups for bronchodilator trials" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "Eliasson O" 1 => "Degraff AC" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/arrd.1985.132.4.858" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am Rev Respir Dis" "fecha" => "1985" "volumen" => "132" "paginaInicial" => "858" "paginaFinal" => "864" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4051321" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib20" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "C-reactive protein in patients with COPD, control smokers, and non-smokers" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "Pinto-Plata VM" 1 => "Mullerova H" 2 => "Toso JF" 3 => "Feudjo-Tepie M" 4 => "Soriano JB" 5 => "Vessey RS" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/thx.2005.042200" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Thorax" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "61" "paginaInicial" => "23" "paginaFinal" => "28" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16143583" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib21" "etiqueta" => "21" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Exhaled breath condensate analysis in patients with COPD" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "Montuschi P" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.cccn.2005.01.012" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Chim Acta" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "356" "paginaInicial" => "22" "paginaFinal" => "34" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15936301" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib22" "etiqueta" => "22" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Microscopic and macroscopic measurements of emphysema: relation to carbon monoxide gas transfer" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "McLean A" 1 => "Warren PM" 2 => "Gillooly M" 3 => "McNee W" 4 => "Lamb D" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Thorax" "fecha" => "1992" "volumen" => "47" "paginaInicial" => "144" "paginaFinal" => "149" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1519189" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib23" "etiqueta" => "23" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Utility of complete dead space washout by real time gas analysis in the measurement of transfer factor in patients with chronic airflow limitation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "Izquierdo Alonso JL" 1 => "Juretschke Moragues MA" 2 => "Ramos Martos A" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Respiration" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "63" "paginaInicial" => "339" "paginaFinal" => "345" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8933651" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib24" "etiqueta" => "24" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Quantitative analysis of 8-isoprostane and hydrogen peroxide in exhaled breath condensate" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "van Hoydonck PGA" 1 => "Wuyts WA" 2 => "Vanaudenaerde BM" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "23" "paginaInicial" => "189" "paginaFinal" => "192" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14979489" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib25" "etiqueta" => "25" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "I don't know what you guys are measuring but you sue are measuring it" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "Hyde RW" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.165.5.2201001a" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "165" "paginaInicial" => "561" "paginaFinal" => "564" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11874802" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib26" "etiqueta" => "26" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "On behalf of the ATS/ERS Task Force on Exhaled Breath. ATS/ERS TASK FORCE. Exhaled breath condensate: methodological recommendations and unresolved questions" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "Horvath I" 1 => "Hunt J" 2 => "Barnes PJ" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1183/09031936.05.00029705" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "26" "paginaInicial" => "523" "paginaFinal" => "548" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16135737" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/15792129/0000004200000007/v1_201305150248/S1579212906605429/v1_201305150248/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => null "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/15792129/0000004200000007/v1_201305150248/S1579212906605429/v1_201305150248/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00003Z&text.app=https://archbronconeumol.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212906605429?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 6 | 3 | 9 |
| 2024 October | 24 | 17 | 41 |
| 2024 September | 36 | 17 | 53 |
| 2024 August | 43 | 34 | 77 |
| 2024 July | 29 | 22 | 51 |
| 2024 June | 38 | 32 | 70 |
| 2024 May | 37 | 28 | 65 |
| 2024 April | 24 | 27 | 51 |
| 2024 March | 21 | 13 | 34 |
| 2024 February | 21 | 24 | 45 |
| 2023 March | 8 | 2 | 10 |
| 2023 February | 35 | 17 | 52 |
| 2023 January | 28 | 41 | 69 |
| 2022 December | 35 | 18 | 53 |
| 2022 November | 33 | 30 | 63 |
| 2022 October | 32 | 28 | 60 |
| 2022 September | 35 | 16 | 51 |
| 2022 August | 47 | 35 | 82 |
| 2022 July | 53 | 43 | 96 |
| 2022 June | 36 | 26 | 62 |
| 2022 May | 33 | 28 | 61 |
| 2022 April | 37 | 22 | 59 |
| 2022 March | 24 | 32 | 56 |
| 2022 February | 31 | 35 | 66 |
| 2022 January | 64 | 42 | 106 |
| 2021 December | 20 | 62 | 82 |
| 2021 November | 24 | 49 | 73 |
| 2021 October | 22 | 48 | 70 |
| 2021 September | 16 | 53 | 69 |
| 2021 August | 19 | 40 | 59 |
| 2021 July | 20 | 25 | 45 |
| 2021 June | 22 | 36 | 58 |
| 2021 May | 19 | 30 | 49 |
| 2021 April | 27 | 44 | 71 |
| 2021 March | 26 | 22 | 48 |
| 2021 February | 12 | 20 | 32 |
| 2021 January | 13 | 20 | 33 |
| 2020 December | 14 | 18 | 32 |
| 2020 November | 14 | 22 | 36 |
| 2020 October | 5 | 7 | 12 |
| 2020 September | 8 | 7 | 15 |
| 2020 August | 18 | 9 | 27 |
| 2020 July | 17 | 26 | 43 |
| 2020 June | 1 | 5 | 6 |
| 2020 May | 14 | 9 | 23 |
| 2020 April | 20 | 19 | 39 |
| 2020 March | 8 | 11 | 19 |
| 2020 February | 14 | 13 | 27 |
| 2020 January | 13 | 9 | 22 |
| 2019 December | 28 | 14 | 42 |
| 2019 November | 21 | 11 | 32 |
| 2019 October | 12 | 6 | 18 |
| 2019 September | 11 | 11 | 22 |
| 2019 August | 15 | 4 | 19 |
| 2019 July | 14 | 11 | 25 |
| 2019 June | 5 | 2 | 7 |
| 2019 May | 15 | 13 | 28 |
| 2019 April | 47 | 8 | 55 |
| 2019 March | 14 | 14 | 28 |
| 2019 February | 12 | 15 | 27 |
| 2019 January | 5 | 13 | 18 |
| 2018 December | 6 | 13 | 19 |
| 2018 November | 9 | 16 | 25 |
| 2018 October | 15 | 16 | 31 |
| 2018 September | 8 | 9 | 17 |
| 2018 May | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| 2018 April | 9 | 7 | 16 |
| 2018 March | 8 | 2 | 10 |
| 2018 February | 5 | 7 | 12 |
| 2018 January | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2017 December | 6 | 4 | 10 |
| 2017 November | 3 | 5 | 8 |
| 2017 October | 7 | 9 | 16 |
| 2017 September | 1 | 14 | 15 |
| 2017 August | 5 | 12 | 17 |
| 2017 July | 6 | 5 | 11 |
| 2017 June | 3 | 6 | 9 |
| 2017 May | 7 | 6 | 13 |
| 2017 April | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2017 March | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| 2017 February | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 2017 January | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 2016 December | 4 | 5 | 9 |
| 2016 November | 14 | 8 | 22 |
| 2016 October | 21 | 18 | 39 |
| 2016 September | 8 | 5 | 13 |
| 2016 August | 8 | 3 | 11 |
| 2016 July | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 2016 March | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2015 December | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 October | 51 | 17 | 68 |
| 2015 September | 44 | 8 | 52 |
| 2015 August | 36 | 10 | 46 |
| 2015 July | 63 | 7 | 70 |
| 2015 June | 26 | 7 | 33 |
| 2015 May | 48 | 10 | 58 |
| 2015 April | 36 | 9 | 45 |
| 2015 March | 41 | 15 | 56 |
| 2015 February | 30 | 9 | 39 |
| 2015 January | 40 | 15 | 55 |
| 2014 December | 27 | 3 | 30 |
| 2014 November | 31 | 6 | 37 |
| 2014 October | 39 | 6 | 45 |
| 2014 September | 31 | 8 | 39 |
| 2014 August | 35 | 4 | 39 |
| 2014 July | 27 | 10 | 37 |
| 2014 June | 53 | 6 | 59 |
| 2014 May | 34 | 10 | 44 |
| 2014 April | 51 | 6 | 57 |
| 2014 March | 52 | 7 | 59 |
| 2014 February | 41 | 10 | 51 |
| 2014 January | 43 | 4 | 47 |
| 2013 December | 41 | 9 | 50 |
| 2013 November | 28 | 7 | 35 |
| 2013 October | 41 | 10 | 51 |
| 2013 September | 41 | 9 | 50 |
| 2013 August | 41 | 12 | 53 |
| 2013 July | 55 | 15 | 70 |
| 2013 June | 56 | 9 | 65 |
| 2013 May | 36 | 4 | 40 |
| 2013 April | 47 | 6 | 53 |
| 2013 March | 9 | 2 | 11 |
Show all
