Original Articles
Spirometric Reference Values in 5 Large Latin American Cities for Subjects Aged 40 Years or Over
Rogelio Pérez-Padillaa,**
, Gonzalo Valdiviab, Adriana Muiñoc, María Victorina Lópezc, María Nelly Márquezc, María Montes de Ocad, Carlos Tálamod, Carmen Lisboab, Julio Pertuzéb, José Roberto B. Jardime, Ana María B. Menezesf, on behalf of the PLATINO work group *
Corresponding author
perezpad@servidor.unam.mx
Correspondence: Dr. R. Pérez-Padilla. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias. Tlalpan, 4.502. 14080 México DF. México
Correspondence: Dr. R. Pérez-Padilla. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias. Tlalpan, 4.502. 14080 México DF. México
a Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico DF, Mexico
b Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
c Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
d Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
e Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
f Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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"apellidos" => "Menezes" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">f</span>" "identificador" => "aff6" ] ] ] 11 => array:2 [ "colaborador" => "on behalf of the PLATINO work group" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "fn1" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:6 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico DF, Mexico" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff4" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>" "identificador" => "aff5" ] 5 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">f</span>" "identificador" => "aff6" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "**" "correspondencia" => "Correspondence: Dr. R. Pérez-Padilla. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias. Tlalpan, 4.502. 14080 México DF. México" ] ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2005-06-01" "fechaAceptado" => "2006-02-28" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154424" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Spirometry" 1 => "Reference Values" 2 => "PLATINO" 3 => "Latin America" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154423" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Espirometría" 1 => "Valores de referencia" 2 => "PLATINO" 3 => "Latinoamérica" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In clinical practice, spirometry is an extremely useful test that requires strict quality control, an appropriate strategy for interpretation, and reliable reference values. The aim of this study was to report spirometric reference values for 5 cities in Latin America.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">From data for 5315 subjects who had undergone spirometry in the PLATINO study in Caracas, Mexico City, Santiago, São Paulo, and Montevideo, we selected information for 906 (17%) individuals aged between 40 years and 90 years to provide reference values. The chosen subjects had never smoked, were asymptomatic, had not been diagnosed with lung disease, and were not obese. Multiple regression models were constructed with the following spirometric parameters: forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>) and in 6 seconds (FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">6</span>), peak expiratory flow, forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>/FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">6</span>, FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>/FVC, and forced midexpiratory flow rate. Height, sex, and age were also included in the model.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Average values for the subjects studied were similar to those for the white North American population and the Mexican-American population of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, but exceeded those of the black population of the same survey by 20%.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The proposed reference values are an improvement on those currently available for Latin America because the participants were chosen by population sampling methods and standardized up-to-date methodology was used.</p>" ] "es" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La espirometría es una prueba de gran utilidad clínica, que requiere un estricto control de calidad, una estrategia de interpretación y valores de referencia adecuados. El propósito del presente trabajo es comunicar los valores de referencia para la espirometría en 5 ciudades de Latinoamérica.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y métodos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El estudio PLATINO se llevó a cabo en Caracas, México, Santiago, São Paulo y Montevideo e incluyó a un total de 5.315 sujetos con espirometría realizada. De ellos, se estudió a 906 (17%) que tenían entre 40 y 90 años de edad para crear valores de referencia, porque nunca habían fumado, estaban asintomáticos y no tenían enfermedad pulmonar diagnosticada ni obesidad. Se efectuaron modelos de regresión múltiple con los valores espirométricos — volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo (FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>) y en 6 s (FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">6</span>), flujo espiratorio máximo, capacidad vital forzada (FVC), FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>/FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">6</span>, FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>/FVC y flujo mesoespiratorio forzado—, la talla, el sexo y la edad.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los sujetos estudiados presentaron en promedio valores similares a los de la población norteamericana blanca y americana de origen mexicano del estudio NHANES III, pero superiores a los de la población negra en un 20%.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los valores de referencia propuestos representan una ventaja sobre los disponibles en la actualidad en Latinoamérica, ya que se eligió a los participantes por métodos de muestreo poblacional y el método empleado es estandarizado y actualizado.</p>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">In addition to the listed authors, the group comprises Dr Dolores Moreno (Universidad Central de Venezuela), and Dr César Gomes Victora and Pedro Curi Hallal (Universidad Federal de Pelotas, Brazil).</p>" ] 1 => array:1 [ "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Study performed with financial support from Boerhinger-Ingelheim and in collaboration with the Latin American Thoracic Association (ALAT) and the Burden of Lung Disease initiative.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:38 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Standardization of spirometry, 1994 update" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "colaboracion" => "American Thoracic Society" "etal" => false ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.152.3.7663792" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "1995" "volumen" => "152" "paginaInicial" => "1107" "paginaFinal" => "1136" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7663792" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Lung volumes and forced ventilatory flows. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 5 | 5 | 10 |
| 2024 October | 27 | 20 | 47 |
| 2024 September | 39 | 19 | 58 |
| 2024 August | 58 | 49 | 107 |
| 2024 July | 29 | 18 | 47 |
| 2024 June | 43 | 38 | 81 |
| 2024 May | 55 | 31 | 86 |
| 2024 April | 26 | 28 | 54 |
| 2024 March | 32 | 24 | 56 |
| 2024 February | 26 | 23 | 49 |
| 2023 October | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| 2023 March | 8 | 5 | 13 |
| 2023 February | 17 | 20 | 37 |
| 2023 January | 21 | 47 | 68 |
| 2022 December | 27 | 26 | 53 |
| 2022 November | 40 | 23 | 63 |
| 2022 October | 32 | 36 | 68 |
| 2022 September | 26 | 26 | 52 |
| 2022 August | 22 | 44 | 66 |
| 2022 July | 38 | 48 | 86 |
| 2022 June | 32 | 39 | 71 |
| 2022 May | 31 | 35 | 66 |
| 2022 April | 30 | 36 | 66 |
| 2022 March | 35 | 43 | 78 |
| 2022 February | 17 | 35 | 52 |
| 2022 January | 22 | 37 | 59 |
| 2021 December | 24 | 50 | 74 |
| 2021 November | 23 | 57 | 80 |
| 2021 October | 23 | 53 | 76 |
| 2021 September | 18 | 59 | 77 |
| 2021 August | 14 | 39 | 53 |
| 2021 July | 16 | 38 | 54 |
| 2021 June | 21 | 50 | 71 |
| 2021 May | 16 | 27 | 43 |
| 2021 April | 28 | 40 | 68 |
| 2021 March | 31 | 27 | 58 |
| 2021 February | 12 | 17 | 29 |
| 2021 January | 10 | 11 | 21 |
| 2020 December | 11 | 27 | 38 |
| 2020 November | 20 | 27 | 47 |
| 2020 October | 4 | 10 | 14 |
| 2020 September | 11 | 6 | 17 |
| 2020 August | 11 | 12 | 23 |
| 2020 July | 13 | 26 | 39 |
| 2020 June | 5 | 1 | 6 |
| 2020 May | 23 | 11 | 34 |
| 2020 April | 22 | 22 | 44 |
| 2020 March | 17 | 13 | 30 |
| 2020 February | 20 | 19 | 39 |
| 2020 January | 15 | 14 | 29 |
| 2019 December | 14 | 13 | 27 |
| 2019 November | 13 | 13 | 26 |
| 2019 October | 10 | 7 | 17 |
| 2019 September | 18 | 5 | 23 |
| 2019 August | 13 | 8 | 21 |
| 2019 July | 16 | 19 | 35 |
| 2019 June | 6 | 10 | 16 |
| 2019 May | 33 | 18 | 51 |
| 2019 April | 31 | 19 | 50 |
| 2019 March | 11 | 24 | 35 |
| 2019 February | 15 | 17 | 32 |
| 2019 January | 8 | 13 | 21 |
| 2018 December | 10 | 11 | 21 |
| 2018 November | 17 | 20 | 37 |
| 2018 October | 18 | 17 | 35 |
| 2018 September | 13 | 9 | 22 |
| 2018 May | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2018 April | 9 | 4 | 13 |
| 2018 March | 1 | 5 | 6 |
| 2018 February | 7 | 6 | 13 |
| 2018 January | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| 2017 December | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| 2017 November | 5 | 5 | 10 |
| 2017 October | 6 | 10 | 16 |
| 2017 September | 4 | 6 | 10 |
| 2017 August | 3 | 10 | 13 |
| 2017 July | 2 | 9 | 11 |
| 2017 June | 4 | 21 | 25 |
| 2017 May | 6 | 11 | 17 |
| 2017 April | 3 | 8 | 11 |
| 2017 March | 3 | 5 | 8 |
| 2017 February | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| 2017 January | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| 2016 December | 7 | 7 | 14 |
| 2016 November | 15 | 10 | 25 |
| 2016 October | 13 | 6 | 19 |
| 2016 September | 11 | 8 | 19 |
| 2016 August | 8 | 3 | 11 |
| 2016 July | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| 2016 March | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2016 February | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 December | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2015 October | 78 | 17 | 95 |
| 2015 September | 70 | 15 | 85 |
| 2015 August | 74 | 11 | 85 |
| 2015 July | 103 | 5 | 108 |
| 2015 June | 77 | 12 | 89 |
| 2015 May | 73 | 16 | 89 |
| 2015 April | 86 | 16 | 102 |
| 2015 March | 104 | 5 | 109 |
| 2015 February | 73 | 7 | 80 |
| 2015 January | 50 | 7 | 57 |
| 2014 December | 83 | 13 | 96 |
| 2014 November | 96 | 10 | 106 |
| 2014 October | 99 | 10 | 109 |
| 2014 September | 109 | 15 | 124 |
| 2014 August | 72 | 16 | 88 |
| 2014 July | 44 | 16 | 60 |
| 2014 June | 69 | 12 | 81 |
| 2014 May | 78 | 16 | 94 |
| 2014 April | 95 | 13 | 108 |
| 2014 March | 86 | 17 | 103 |
| 2014 February | 60 | 14 | 74 |
| 2014 January | 56 | 7 | 63 |
| 2013 December | 70 | 21 | 91 |
| 2013 November | 68 | 13 | 81 |
| 2013 October | 62 | 24 | 86 |
| 2013 September | 69 | 18 | 87 |
| 2013 August | 62 | 22 | 84 |
| 2013 July | 65 | 18 | 83 |
| 2013 June | 60 | 12 | 72 |
| 2013 May | 68 | 16 | 84 |
| 2013 April | 47 | 7 | 54 |
| 2013 March | 6 | 3 | 9 |
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