Techniques and Procedures
Transcutaneous Measurement of Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen Saturation: Validation of the SenTec Monitor
Ch. Domingo
, E. Canturri, M. Luján, A. Moreno, H. Espuelas, A. Marín
Corresponding author
cdomingo@cspt.es
Correspondence: Dr. C. Domingo. Servei de Pneumologia. Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí. Parc Taulí, s/n. 08208 Sabadell. Barcelona. España
Correspondence: Dr. C. Domingo. Servei de Pneumologia. Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí. Parc Taulí, s/n. 08208 Sabadell. Barcelona. España
Servei de Pneumologia, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
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"apellidos" => "Domingo" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "cdomingo@cspt.es" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Canturri" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Luján" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Moreno" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "H." "apellidos" => "Espuelas" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Marín" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "entidad" => "Servei de Pneumologia, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "Correspondence: Dr. C. Domingo. Servei de Pneumologia. Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí. Parc Taulí, s/n. 08208 Sabadell. Barcelona. España" ] ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2005-07-05" "fechaAceptado" => "2005-11-15" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154354" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Carbon dioxide partial pressure determination transcutaneous" 1 => "Severinghaus type sensor" 2 => "Pulse oximetry" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154355" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "PaCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> transcutáneo" 1 => "Sensor tipo Severinghaus" 2 => "Pulsioxímetro" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">TO validate a monitor for transcutaneous measurement of oxygen saturation (SpO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (TcPCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This observational study included 140 Caucasian nonsmokers without jaundice. Patients underwent forced spirometry, measurement of SpO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> and TcPCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> with the SenTec monitor, and arterial blood gas analysis (readings with 2 devices) during the stabilization phase of the monitor. In the statistical analysis, values from the 2 devices for measuring arterial blood gases were compared by mean differences for PaCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> and oxygen saturation (SaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>). The arithmetic mean of the 2 blood gas measurements was calculated and relations between them and the SpO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> and TcPCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> were assessed by the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) as a measure of agreement. Bland-Altman analysis was used to test data dispersion.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ten patients were excluded due to a systematic error in the gas calibrator. The mean (SD) time to stabilization of the monitor before reading was 13.9 (2.4) minutes. The forced expiratory volume in the first second was greater than 80% in 40 patients, between 60% and 79% in 23, between 40% and 59% in 30, and less than 40% in 37. The mean differences between arterial blood gas measurements were 0.28 (1.0) mm Hg for PaCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>, −0.06% (0.86%) for SaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>, and −0.9 (2.7) mmHg for PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>. In the tests for correlation and agreement, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span> was 0.74 and ICC was 0.73 for SaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> and SpO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span> was 0.92 and ICC was 0.92 for PaCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> and TcPCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>. The subgroup analyses did not show any noteworthy differences. The Bland and Altman analysis showed no significant dispersion. It was observed that the SenTec monitor underestimated oxygen saturation values by around 1% with respect to SaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>and overestimated carbon dioxide pressure by 1 mm Hg with respect to PaCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> values.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The stabilization time recommended for the SenTec monitor before taking a reading is 20 minutes. The overestimates and underestimates by the monitor are not clinically relevant. Finally, the values for SpO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> and TcPCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> measured by the validated monitor are reliable.</p>" ] "es" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Validar un monitor que mide la saturación de oxígeno y la presión parcial de anhídrido carbónico por vía transcutánea (SpO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> y PtcCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y métodos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se ha realizado un estudio obser-vacional en el que se incluyó a 140 pacientes de raza caucá-sica, no fumadores y sin ictericia. Se les realizó: espirome-tría forzada, medición de la SpO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> y PtcCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> mediante el monitor SenTec y gasometría arterial (lectura en 2 gasóme-tros) durante la fase de estabilización del monitor. En la evaluación estadística se compararon los valores de las 2 mediciones de gasometría arterial mediante media de dife-rencias para la presión arterial de anhídrido carbónico (PaCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>) y la saturación de oxígeno (SaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>). Se calculó la media aritmética entre las 2 gasometrías, además del coeficien-te de correlación de Pearson (r) y el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI) entre SaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> y SpO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> y PaCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> y PtcCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> como medida de concordancia. Se aplicó el análisis de Bland y Altman para el estudio de la dispersión de datos.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se rechazó a 10 pacientes debido a un error sistemático por problemas del gas calibrador. El tiempo me-dio (± desviación estándar) de estabilización del monitor antes de lectura fue de 13,9 ± 2,4 min. El volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo fue superior al 80% en 40 pacientes; se situó entre el 60 y el 79% en 23; entre el 40 y el 59% en 30, y fue menor del 40% en 37. La media de dife-rencias entre las gasometrías arteriales fue: para la PaCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>, 0,28 ± 1,0 mmHg; para la SaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>, −0,06 ± 0,86%, y para la presión arterial de oxígeno, −0,9 ± 2,7 mmHg. En cuanto a la correlación y concordancia, los resultados fueron los si-guientes: para la SaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> y SpO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>, r = 0,74 y CCI = 0,73; para la PaCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>y PtcCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>, r = 0,92 y CCI = 0,92. El análisis por subgru-pos no mostró diferencias destacables. El análisis de Bland y Altman no demostró dispersión significativa de datos. Se ob-servó que el monitor SenTec infravaloró los valores de SaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> alrededor del 1% y sobrevaloró los de PaCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>en 1 mmHg.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El tiempo de estabilización aconsejable del monitor SenTec antes de realizar una lectura es de 20 min. Las sobrevaloraciones e infravaloraciones del monitor carecen de traducción clínica. Por último, los valores obteni-dos de SpO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> y PtcCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> del monitor validado son fiables.</p>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Funded with the 2005 Institutional Investigation Committee (CIR) grant from the Parc Taulf Foundation.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "REFERENCES" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:25 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Pulse oximetry for tapering supplemental oxygen in hospitalized patients" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "T King" 1 => "RH Simon" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "1987" "volumen" => "92" "paginaInicial" => "713" "paginaFinal" => "716" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3652756" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Skin color and ear oximetry" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "AL Ries" 1 => "LM Prewitt" 2 => "JJ Jonson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "1989" "volumen" => "96" "paginaInicial" => "287" "paginaFinal" => "290" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2752811" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib3" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Evaluation of the use of three different devices for nocturnal oxygen therapy in COPD patients" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "C Domingo" 1 => "J Roig" 2 => "R Coll" 3 => "J Klamburg" 4 => "J Izquierdo" 5 => "J Ruiz-Manzano" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Respiration" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "63" "paginaInicial" => "230" "paginaFinal" => "235" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8815970" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib4" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Catéter transtraqueal y oxígeno líquido: 5 años de experiencia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "C Domingo" 1 => "R Coll" 2 => "J Izquierdo" 3 => "J Roig" 4 => "J Klamburg" 5 => "E Domingo" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol." 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 5 | 2 | 7 |
| 2024 October | 31 | 26 | 57 |
| 2024 September | 30 | 16 | 46 |
| 2024 August | 37 | 28 | 65 |
| 2024 July | 25 | 24 | 49 |
| 2024 June | 35 | 25 | 60 |
| 2024 May | 39 | 29 | 68 |
| 2024 April | 22 | 28 | 50 |
| 2024 March | 24 | 19 | 43 |
| 2024 February | 18 | 17 | 35 |
| 2023 March | 4 | 5 | 9 |
| 2023 February | 13 | 39 | 52 |
| 2023 January | 25 | 47 | 72 |
| 2022 December | 24 | 42 | 66 |
| 2022 November | 30 | 37 | 67 |
| 2022 October | 49 | 33 | 82 |
| 2022 September | 16 | 47 | 63 |
| 2022 August | 18 | 47 | 65 |
| 2022 July | 21 | 47 | 68 |
| 2022 June | 16 | 37 | 53 |
| 2022 May | 25 | 36 | 61 |
| 2022 April | 22 | 34 | 56 |
| 2022 March | 25 | 37 | 62 |
| 2022 February | 14 | 31 | 45 |
| 2022 January | 22 | 32 | 54 |
| 2021 December | 36 | 45 | 81 |
| 2021 November | 40 | 55 | 95 |
| 2021 October | 39 | 48 | 87 |
| 2021 September | 26 | 55 | 81 |
| 2021 August | 24 | 25 | 49 |
| 2021 July | 24 | 32 | 56 |
| 2021 June | 26 | 35 | 61 |
| 2021 May | 19 | 26 | 45 |
| 2021 April | 52 | 73 | 125 |
| 2021 March | 30 | 25 | 55 |
| 2021 February | 13 | 19 | 32 |
| 2021 January | 12 | 20 | 32 |
| 2020 December | 21 | 19 | 40 |
| 2020 November | 16 | 10 | 26 |
| 2020 October | 8 | 7 | 15 |
| 2020 September | 9 | 10 | 19 |
| 2020 August | 9 | 13 | 22 |
| 2020 July | 18 | 22 | 40 |
| 2020 June | 7 | 9 | 16 |
| 2020 May | 15 | 22 | 37 |
| 2020 April | 19 | 25 | 44 |
| 2020 March | 14 | 13 | 27 |
| 2020 February | 17 | 23 | 40 |
| 2020 January | 18 | 19 | 37 |
| 2019 December | 16 | 25 | 41 |
| 2019 November | 10 | 21 | 31 |
| 2019 October | 8 | 11 | 19 |
| 2019 September | 7 | 12 | 19 |
| 2019 August | 15 | 13 | 28 |
| 2019 July | 17 | 25 | 42 |
| 2019 June | 9 | 18 | 27 |
| 2019 May | 8 | 26 | 34 |
| 2019 April | 12 | 70 | 82 |
| 2019 March | 5 | 29 | 34 |
| 2019 February | 9 | 21 | 30 |
| 2019 January | 9 | 16 | 25 |
| 2018 December | 8 | 15 | 23 |
| 2018 November | 4 | 21 | 25 |
| 2018 October | 10 | 16 | 26 |
| 2018 September | 8 | 9 | 17 |
| 2018 May | 8 | 1 | 9 |
| 2018 April | 5 | 6 | 11 |
| 2018 March | 2 | 7 | 9 |
| 2018 February | 5 | 8 | 13 |
| 2018 January | 1 | 12 | 13 |
| 2017 December | 3 | 10 | 13 |
| 2017 November | 4 | 12 | 16 |
| 2017 October | 4 | 5 | 9 |
| 2017 September | 6 | 7 | 13 |
| 2017 August | 7 | 16 | 23 |
| 2017 July | 6 | 11 | 17 |
| 2017 June | 9 | 14 | 23 |
| 2017 May | 8 | 17 | 25 |
| 2017 April | 3 | 6 | 9 |
| 2017 March | 2 | 12 | 14 |
| 2017 February | 1 | 5 | 6 |
| 2017 January | 2 | 5 | 7 |
| 2016 December | 11 | 9 | 20 |
| 2016 November | 11 | 6 | 17 |
| 2016 October | 14 | 13 | 27 |
| 2016 September | 11 | 6 | 17 |
| 2016 August | 12 | 3 | 15 |
| 2016 July | 8 | 4 | 12 |
| 2016 March | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 December | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 October | 112 | 27 | 139 |
| 2015 September | 104 | 16 | 120 |
| 2015 August | 108 | 14 | 122 |
| 2015 July | 152 | 11 | 163 |
| 2015 June | 94 | 12 | 106 |
| 2015 May | 119 | 24 | 143 |
| 2015 April | 118 | 18 | 136 |
| 2015 March | 97 | 11 | 108 |
| 2015 February | 104 | 11 | 115 |
| 2015 January | 95 | 8 | 103 |
| 2014 December | 79 | 12 | 91 |
| 2014 November | 145 | 12 | 157 |
| 2014 October | 150 | 24 | 174 |
| 2014 September | 112 | 24 | 136 |
| 2014 August | 103 | 18 | 121 |
| 2014 July | 103 | 14 | 117 |
| 2014 June | 89 | 26 | 115 |
| 2014 May | 97 | 27 | 124 |
| 2014 April | 115 | 7 | 122 |
| 2014 March | 109 | 23 | 132 |
| 2014 February | 117 | 23 | 140 |
| 2014 January | 89 | 12 | 101 |
| 2013 December | 87 | 16 | 103 |
| 2013 November | 70 | 14 | 84 |
| 2013 October | 70 | 13 | 83 |
| 2013 September | 85 | 14 | 99 |
| 2013 August | 75 | 21 | 96 |
| 2013 July | 79 | 16 | 95 |
| 2013 June | 58 | 12 | 70 |
| 2013 May | 53 | 11 | 64 |
| 2013 April | 48 | 19 | 67 |
| 2013 March | 14 | 5 | 19 |
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