Does Experience Influence Perception of Dyspnea?

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Bertrand, E. Fehlmann, M. Lizama, N. Holmgren, M. Silva, I. Sánchez" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:3 [ "preGrado" => "Dr." "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Bertrand" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Fehlmann" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Lizama" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "N." "apellidos" => "Holmgren" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Silva" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "I." "apellidos" => "Sánchez" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212906604370?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/15792129/0000004200000004/v1_201305150241/S1579212906604370/v1_201305150241/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:15 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original Articles" "titulo" => "Does Experience Influence Perception of Dyspnea?" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "171" "paginaFinal" => "174" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "E. Martínez-Moragòn, M. Perpiñá, A. Belloch" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:5 [ "preGrado" => "Dra." "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Martínez-Moragòn" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "emm01v@saludalia.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Perpiñá" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff2" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Belloch" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff3" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Fe de Valencia, Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Hospital de Sagunto, Sagunto, Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff2" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamientos PsicolSoAgicos, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff3" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "Correspondence: Dra. E. Martínez-Moragón. Avda. Pérez Galdós, 12–10. 46007 Valencia. España" ] ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2005-03-22" "fechaAceptado" => "2005-10-11" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154306" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Dyspnea" 1 => "Asthma" 2 => "Perception" 3 => "Bronchoconstriction" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154307" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Disnea" 1 => "Asma" 2 => "Percepción" 3 => "Broncoconstricción" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "ObjectiveThe perception of somatic sensations like dyspnea can be influenced by such factors as an individual's personality, experiences, or ability to adapt to stimuli. Our aim was to determine whether the perception of acute bronchoconstriction is different for patients with asthma and patients who have never experienced an episode of airway obstruction. Patients and methodWe studied 2 groups of patients. The first consisted of 24 subjects with intermittent rhinitis and asthma (10 females and 14 males) with a mean (SD) age of 25 (7) years. All reported not feeling dyspnea at rest on a Borg scale. The second group consisted of 24 subjects who only had rhinitis but no lung disease (no episode of asthma) or dyspnea at rest (12 females and 12 males) with a mean age of 27 (6) years. There were no significant differences between the groups with regard to sex, smoking, economic or educational level, anxiety (determined by the trait portion of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), depression (Beck Depression Inventory), or spirometric parameters. All took a histamine bronchial provocation test in which the patient assessed dyspnea on a modified Borg scale after each histamine dose. The provocation dose needed to produce a 20% decrease (PD20) in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) was calculated. We also recorded the dyspnea perception score when FEV1 fell 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% (PS20). ResultsNO dyspnea was perceived at PS20 by 12.5% of the asthmatics and by 45% of nonasthmatics (P<.0001). The mean PS20 was 2.4 (2.1) (range, 0–7) in the first group and 0.37 (0.48) (range, 0–3) in the second (P<.0001). More asthma patients than nonasthmatics perceived dyspnea at all degrees of bronchial obstruction. PD20 was different in the 2 groups (1.6 [2] vs 6.03 [5] for the first and second groups, respectively; P<.003), but there was no significant relation between PD20 and PS20 (Spearman's correlation coefficient, 0.19; P=.221). ConclusionOur findings support the hypothesis that appropriate perception of dyspnea is grounded in prior experience and learning." ] "es" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "ObjetivoEn la percepción de las sensaciones somáticas, como la disnea, pueden influir factores tales como la propia personalidad del individuo, su experiencia previa o su capa-cidad de adaptación a los estímulos. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido conocer si los pacientes con asma perciben una situación de broncoconstricción aguda de forma diferente de los pacientes que nunca han sufrido un episodio previo de obstrucción de la vía aérea. Patientes y métodoEstudiamos 2 grupos de pacientes. El primero estaba formado por 24 sujetos con rinitis y asma intermitente (10 mujeres y 14 varones, con una edad media ± desviación estándar de 25 ± 7 años), que no referían sentir disnea basal en la escala de Borg. El segundo lo formaron 24 pacientes con rinitis sola, sin enfermedad pulmonar (nunca habían sufrido un episodio de asma) ni disnea basal (12 mujeres y 12 varones, edad media de 27 ± 6 años). No había diferencias significativas entre los grupos en cuanto a edad, sexo, porcentaje de fumadores, nivel económico y educativo, ansiedad-determinada por el State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, versión Rasgo (STAI-R)-, depresión (Beck) ni parámetros espirométricos. A todos ellos se les realizó una prueba de broncoprovocación con histamina midiendo la disnea experimentada tras cada dosis del fármaco en una escala modificada de Borg. Se calculó la PD20, es decir, la dosis de agente broncoconstrictor ca-paz de producir un descenso del 20% del valor inicial del volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo (FEV1), así como la percepción de disnea con una caída del FEV1 del 5, el 10, el 15 y el 20% (PS5, PS10, PS15 y PS20, respecti-vamente). ResultadosNO percibió disnea con el descenso del 20% en el FEV1 el 12,5% de los pacientes con asma, frente a un 45% de las personas no asmáticas (p < 0,0001). La media de la PS20 en el primer grupo fue de 2,4 ± 2,1 (rango: 0–7) y en el segundo de 0,37 ± 0,48 (rango: 0–3) (p < 0,0001). En todos los grados de obstrucción bronquial la disnea percibida por los pacientes con asma fue mayor. La PD20 fue diferente en ambos grupos (1,6 ± 2 frente a 6,03 ± 5; p < 0,003), pero no hubo relación significativa entre la PD20 y la PS20 (coeficiente de correlación de Spearman: 0,19, p = 0,221). ConclusiónNuestros datos apoyan la hipótesis de que la adecuada percepción de la disnea se fundamenta en aspectos como la experiencia previa y el aprendizaje." ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "nota" => "This study was partially funded by a grant from Red RESPIRA-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RTIC-03/11)." ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "REFERENCES" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:24 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Disnea: bases fisiopatológicas, medición e implicaciones en la rehabilitación" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "M Perpiñá Tordera" 1 => "M Martínez Francés" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "Rehabilitación respiratoria" "paginaInicial" => "39" "paginaFinal" => "59" "serieFecha" => "1999" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Coping strategies for dyspnea" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "V Carrieri-Kohlman" 1 => "JM Gormley" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "Dyspnea" "paginaInicial" => "287" "paginaFinal" => "320" "serieFecha" => "1998" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib3" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Beyond attentional strategies: a cognitive-perceptual model of somatic interpretation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "D Cioffi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Psychol Bull." 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