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Active Tuberculosis Case Finding Among Immigrants in Barcelona
J. Alcaide Megías
, M.N. Altet Gómez, M.L. de Souza Galvao, M.A. Jiménez Fuentes, C. Milà Auge, J. Solsona Peiró
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4862jam@comb.es
Correspondence: Dr. J. Alcaide Megías. CAP Drassanes. Avda. Drassanes, 17-19. 08001 Barcelona. España
Correspondence: Dr. J. Alcaide Megías. CAP Drassanes. Avda. Drassanes, 17-19. 08001 Barcelona. España
Centro de Prevención y Control de la Tuberculosis, CAP Drassanes, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
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"apellidos" => "Çetinyürek" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212906603546?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/15792129/0000004000000010/v1_201305141820/S1579212906603546/v1_201305141820/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:14 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Articles</span>" "titulo" => "Active Tuberculosis Case Finding Among Immigrants in Barcelona" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "453" "paginaFinal" => "458" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "J. Alcaide Megías, M.N. Altet Gómez, M.L. de Souza Galvao, M.A. Jiménez Fuentes, C. Milà Auge, J. Solsona Peiró" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:5 [ "preGrado" => "Dr." "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Alcaide Megías" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "4862jam@comb.es" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.N." "apellidos" => "Altet Gómez" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.L." "apellidos" => "de Souza Galvao" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.A." "apellidos" => "Jiménez Fuentes" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Milà Auge" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Solsona Peiró" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "entidad" => "Centro de Prevención y Control de la Tuberculosis, CAP Drassanes, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "Correspondence: Dr. J. Alcaide Megías. CAP Drassanes. Avda. Drassanes, 17-19. 08001 Barcelona. España" ] ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2003-10-08" "fechaAceptado" => "2004-04-13" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key Words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec153134" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Tuberculosis and immigration" 1 => "Epidemiology" 2 => "Tuberculin test" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec153135" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Tuberculosis e inmigración" 1 => "Epidemiología" 2 => "Prueba de la tuberculina" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">TO assess the prevalence of tuberculous infection and disease in recent economic immigrants in Barcelona.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Subjects And Method</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Examination and testing of immigrants. Tuberculin tests (TTs) were given and the presence of scars from tuberculosis vaccinations were noted. Thresholds of 5 and 15 mm were established for positivity in unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals, respectively.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 3651 persons were examined, but only 3151 completed the study. Eighteen were diagnosed with tuberculosis (571.2 per 100 000) and 50.6% were classified as positive TT reactors, 34.4% because of infection and 16.3% possibly because of tuberculosis vaccination. The percentage of reactors was significantly higher in the sample of economic immigrants than in the local population. Age, male sex, place of origin, greater poverty, and higher prevalence of disease in the country of origin were associated with tuberculous infection in the sample.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discussion</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Active case finding proved efficient. Interference from tuberculosis vaccination greatly affects TT findings, depending on the positivity threshold that is established. We recommend that chest radiographs be used in addition to TTs. Immigration will change the nature of endemic tuberculosis in Spain, and strategies should be specifically designed to deal with the new challenges that will appear.</p>" ] "es" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Conocer la prevalencia de la infección y de la enfermedad tuberculosa en inmigrantes económicos y recientes en Barcelona.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Sujetos Y Método</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Reconocimiento médico de inmigrantes. Se practicó la prueba de tuberculina (PT) y se indagó la presencia de cicatriz posvacunación antituberculosa. Se estableció el dintel de positividad de la PT en 5 mm para los no vacunados y en 15 mm para los vacunados.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se examinó a 3.651 personas, pero sólo se incluyó en el análisis a las 3.151 que completaron el estudio. Se diagnosticó a 18 enfermos (tasa de 571,2 por 100.000) y el 50,6% se catalogó como reactores positivos a la PT, siendo el 34,4% reactores por infección y 16,3% por posible vacunación antituberculosa. El porcentaje de reactores es estadísti-camente superior al encontrado en una población autóctona. La edad, ser varón, la región de procedencia, la mayor po-breza y la mayor tasa de enfermedad en el país de origen se mostraron asociados a la prevalencia de la infección tuberculosa de los inmigrantes.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discusión</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La búsqueda activa se ha mostrado eficiente. La interferencia de la vacunación antituberculosa modifica mucho los resultados, según el dintel de positividad de la PT que se establezca. Se recomienda realizar la PT junto con la radiología del tórax. La inmigración modificará la endemia tuberculosa del país y se han de diseñar estrategias específi-cas para afrontar este nuevo reto de la tuberculosis.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "REFERENCES" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:39 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "JA Caminero Luna" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "Guía de la tuberculosis para médicos especialistas" "fecha" => "2003" "editorial" => "UICTER" "editorialLocalizacion" => "París" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Enfermedades emergentes. Alerta mundial. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| 2024 October | 31 | 16 | 47 |
| 2024 September | 22 | 22 | 44 |
| 2024 August | 44 | 34 | 78 |
| 2024 July | 27 | 31 | 58 |
| 2024 June | 32 | 20 | 52 |
| 2024 May | 26 | 33 | 59 |
| 2024 April | 21 | 20 | 41 |
| 2024 March | 20 | 18 | 38 |
| 2024 February | 20 | 17 | 37 |
| 2023 March | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| 2023 February | 15 | 25 | 40 |
| 2023 January | 16 | 36 | 52 |
| 2022 December | 17 | 29 | 46 |
| 2022 November | 19 | 20 | 39 |
| 2022 October | 22 | 42 | 64 |
| 2022 September | 17 | 30 | 47 |
| 2022 August | 13 | 39 | 52 |
| 2022 July | 18 | 44 | 62 |
| 2022 June | 17 | 38 | 55 |
| 2022 May | 20 | 35 | 55 |
| 2022 April | 28 | 32 | 60 |
| 2022 March | 19 | 41 | 60 |
| 2022 February | 19 | 53 | 72 |
| 2022 January | 16 | 35 | 51 |
| 2021 December | 20 | 46 | 66 |
| 2021 November | 14 | 35 | 49 |
| 2021 October | 16 | 46 | 62 |
| 2021 September | 19 | 41 | 60 |
| 2021 August | 17 | 29 | 46 |
| 2021 July | 15 | 27 | 42 |
| 2021 June | 15 | 29 | 44 |
| 2021 May | 13 | 27 | 40 |
| 2021 April | 31 | 42 | 73 |
| 2021 March | 14 | 17 | 31 |
| 2021 February | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| 2021 January | 15 | 9 | 24 |
| 2020 December | 8 | 7 | 15 |
| 2020 November | 7 | 11 | 18 |
| 2020 October | 9 | 5 | 14 |
| 2020 September | 10 | 4 | 14 |
| 2020 August | 11 | 10 | 21 |
| 2020 July | 7 | 11 | 18 |
| 2020 June | 6 | 9 | 15 |
| 2020 May | 15 | 16 | 31 |
| 2020 April | 18 | 9 | 27 |
| 2020 March | 15 | 9 | 24 |
| 2020 February | 24 | 11 | 35 |
| 2020 January | 19 | 12 | 31 |
| 2019 December | 8 | 12 | 20 |
| 2019 November | 12 | 13 | 25 |
| 2019 October | 8 | 7 | 15 |
| 2019 September | 6 | 9 | 15 |
| 2019 August | 15 | 6 | 21 |
| 2019 July | 19 | 12 | 31 |
| 2019 June | 7 | 7 | 14 |
| 2019 May | 13 | 8 | 21 |
| 2019 April | 9 | 13 | 22 |
| 2019 March | 15 | 18 | 33 |
| 2019 February | 13 | 12 | 25 |
| 2019 January | 13 | 7 | 20 |
| 2018 December | 12 | 24 | 36 |
| 2018 November | 44 | 11 | 55 |
| 2018 October | 36 | 11 | 47 |
| 2018 September | 5 | 13 | 18 |
| 2018 May | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| 2018 April | 6 | 7 | 13 |
| 2018 March | 3 | 4 | 7 |
| 2018 February | 4 | 6 | 10 |
| 2018 January | 7 | 10 | 17 |
| 2017 December | 12 | 7 | 19 |
| 2017 November | 1 | 5 | 6 |
| 2017 October | 5 | 9 | 14 |
| 2017 September | 6 | 4 | 10 |
| 2017 August | 12 | 8 | 20 |
| 2017 July | 6 | 3 | 9 |
| 2017 June | 7 | 20 | 27 |
| 2017 May | 13 | 9 | 22 |
| 2017 April | 8 | 2 | 10 |
| 2017 March | 4 | 7 | 11 |
| 2017 February | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2017 January | 2 | 3 | 5 |
| 2016 December | 11 | 6 | 17 |
| 2016 November | 18 | 7 | 25 |
| 2016 October | 24 | 19 | 43 |
| 2016 September | 35 | 7 | 42 |
| 2016 August | 16 | 4 | 20 |
| 2016 July | 7 | 7 | 14 |
| 2016 March | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2016 February | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 December | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 October | 26 | 1 | 27 |
| 2015 September | 51 | 8 | 59 |
| 2015 August | 23 | 8 | 31 |
| 2015 July | 31 | 7 | 38 |
| 2015 June | 29 | 4 | 33 |
| 2015 May | 39 | 6 | 45 |
| 2015 April | 31 | 8 | 39 |
| 2015 March | 30 | 6 | 36 |
| 2015 February | 21 | 3 | 24 |
| 2015 January | 31 | 4 | 35 |
| 2014 December | 20 | 5 | 25 |
| 2014 November | 30 | 7 | 37 |
| 2014 October | 40 | 10 | 50 |
| 2014 September | 32 | 7 | 39 |
| 2014 August | 37 | 12 | 49 |
| 2014 July | 38 | 12 | 50 |
| 2014 June | 38 | 6 | 44 |
| 2014 May | 47 | 10 | 57 |
| 2014 April | 43 | 8 | 51 |
| 2014 March | 49 | 9 | 58 |
| 2014 February | 41 | 10 | 51 |
| 2014 January | 39 | 6 | 45 |
| 2013 December | 31 | 11 | 42 |
| 2013 November | 32 | 5 | 37 |
| 2013 October | 24 | 8 | 32 |
| 2013 September | 27 | 11 | 38 |
| 2013 August | 31 | 8 | 39 |
| 2013 July | 51 | 17 | 68 |
| 2013 June | 27 | 9 | 36 |
| 2013 May | 35 | 5 | 40 |
| 2013 April | 22 | 4 | 26 |
| 2013 March | 8 | 1 | 9 |
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