Techniques and Procedures
Exhaled Breath Condensate: Standardized Collection of Samples From Healthy Volunteers
J.B. de Lema
, M. González, L. Vigil, P. Casan
Corresponding author
jbruno@hsp.santpau.es
Correspondence: Dr. J.B. de Lema. Unitat de Funció Pulmonar. Departament de Pneumologia. Hospital de la Santa Creu i de Sant Pau. Sant Antoni M. Claret, 167. 08025 Barcelona. España
Correspondence: Dr. J.B. de Lema. Unitat de Funció Pulmonar. Departament de Pneumologia. Hospital de la Santa Creu i de Sant Pau. Sant Antoni M. Claret, 167. 08025 Barcelona. España
Unitat de Funció Pulmonar, Departament de Pneumologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i de Sant Pau, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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"apellidos" => "de Lema" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "jbruno@hsp.santpau.es" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "González" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Vigil" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Casan" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "entidad" => "Unitat de Funció Pulmonar, Departament de Pneumologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i de Sant Pau, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "Correspondence: Dr. J.B. de Lema. Unitat de Funció Pulmonar. Departament de Pneumologia. Hospital de la Santa Creu i de Sant Pau. Sant Antoni M. Claret, 167. 08025 Barcelona. España" ] ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2004-09-04" "fechaAceptado" => "2005-01-12" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key Words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec153734" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Exhaled breath condensate" 1 => "Inflammation" 2 => "Noninvasive technique" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec153733" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Condensado de aire espirado" 1 => "Inflamación" 2 => "Técnica no invasiva" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Expired breath condensate collection is a noninvasive technique for obtaining a sample in which to analyze substances that reflect the functional status of the lung and other tissues. Twenty healthy volunteers provided 3 expired breath samples: the second was collected 20 minutes after the first and the third 48 hours after the first. The air and condensate volumes were assessed. The mean (SD) volume of condensate in exhaled air over a period of 15 minutes was 1.8 (0.5) mL (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-2 mL) and the coefficient of variation was 29 %. Analysis of variance in the 3 samples demonstrated no significant differences. The mean volume of air inhaled over 15 minutes was 119 (25) L (95% CI, 112-125 L). These results indicate that it takes at least 15 minutes and the inhalation of some 120 L of air to collect a condensate volume that exceeds 1.5 mL, sufficient to allow distribution in aliquots to analyze fundamental physical and chemical properties (conductivity, pH) and certain relevant biomarkers.</p>" ] "es" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El condensado de aire espirado (CAE) es una técnica no invasiva que permite la obtención de un conjunto de sustancias que expresan el estado funcional del pulmón y otros tejidos. A 20 voluntarios sanos se les realizó un total de 3 pruebas a cada uno una primera recogida, seguida de otra a los 20 min y la última a las 48 h de la inicial. Al final de la prueba se estimaron el volumen de muestra de condensado obtenida y el volumen de aire movilizado. La media (± desviación estándar) del volumen de muestra de CAE recolectado en 15 min fue de 1,8 ± 0,5 ml, con un intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95% de 1,5 a 2 ml y un coeficiente de variación del 29%. El análisis de la variancia entre las 3 muestras analizadas no mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas. La media del volumen de aire inspirado en los 15 min fue de 119 ± 25 l, con un IC del 95% de 112 a 125 l. Nuestros resultados indican que para obtener un volumen de muestra superior a 1,5 ml son necesarios al menos 15 min de recogida y haber movilizado unos 120 l de aire, lo que permite la distribución en alícuotas para analizar los componentes físicos y químicos básicos (conductividad, pH) y ciertos biomarcadores de interés.</p>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">This study was financed by Red Respira-ISCIII-SEPAR.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "REFERENCES" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:8 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Breath condensate: an evolving tool for noninvasive evaluation of lung disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "J Hunt" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Allergy Clin. 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