Original Articles
Validation of an Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire for Use With Parents or Guardians of Children With Asthma
C. Rodríguez Martíneza,
, M.P. Sossab
Corresponding author
carlos_rodriguez2671@yahoo.com
Correspondence: Dr. C. Rodríguez Martínez. Hospital Santa Clara. Carrera 15, 1-59 sur. Bogotá. Colombia
Correspondence: Dr. C. Rodríguez Martínez. Hospital Santa Clara. Carrera 15, 1-59 sur. Bogotá. Colombia
Read
8828
Timeswas read the article
5002
Total PDF
3826
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:23 [ "pii" => "S1579212906602565" "issn" => "15792129" "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(06)60256-5" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2005-08-01" "aid" => "60256" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)" "copyrightAnyo" => "2005" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2005;41:419-24" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 5394 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 119 "HTML" => 2633 "PDF" => 2642 ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1579212906602577" "issn" => "15792129" "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(06)60257-7" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2005-08-01" "aid" => "60257" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2005;41:425-9" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2175 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 119 "HTML" => 1308 "PDF" => 748 ] ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Articles</span>" "titulo" => "Radiographic Staging and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cell Counts in Sarcoidosis" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "425" "paginaFinal" => "429" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "S. Vidal Serrano, J. Martín Juan, L. Gómez Izquierdo, I. Sánchez Rodríguez, E. Rodríguez Becerra, F. Rodríguez Panadero" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:3 [ "preGrado" => "Dra." "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Vidal Serrano" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Martín Juan" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Gómez Izquierdo" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "I." "apellidos" => "Sánchez Rodríguez" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Rodríguez Becerra" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Rodríguez Panadero" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212906602577?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/15792129/0000004100000008/v1_201305150223/S1579212906602577/v1_201305150223/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1579212906602553" "issn" => "15792129" "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(06)60255-3" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2005-08-01" "aid" => "60255" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2005;41:413-8" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2646 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 104 "HTML" => 1881 "PDF" => 661 ] ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Articles</span>" "titulo" => "Changes in Exercise Tolerance, Health Related Quality of Life, and Peripheral Muscle Characteristics of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients After 6 Weeks' Training" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "413" "paginaFinal" => "418" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "M. Montes de Oca, S.H. Torres, Y. González, E. Romero, N. Hernández, C. Tálamo" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:3 [ "preGrado" => "Dra." "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Montes de Oca" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "S.H." "apellidos" => "Torres" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Y." "apellidos" => "González" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Romero" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "N." "apellidos" => "Hernández" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Tálamo" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212906602553?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/15792129/0000004100000008/v1_201305150223/S1579212906602553/v1_201305150223/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:14 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Articles</span>" "titulo" => "Validation of an Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire for Use With Parents or Guardians of Children With Asthma" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "419" "paginaFinal" => "424" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "C. Rodríguez Martínez, M.P. Sossa" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:5 [ "preGrado" => "Dr." "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Rodríguez Martínez" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "carlos_rodriguez2671@yahoo.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M.P." "apellidos" => "Sossa" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Santa Clara-Organización Sánitas Internacional, Bogotá. Colombia" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Universidad El Bosque-Hospital Santa Clara, Bogotá, Colombia" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "Correspondence: Dr. C. Rodríguez Martínez. Hospital Santa Clara. Carrera 15, 1-59 sur. Bogotá. Colombia" ] ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2004-07-16" "fechaAceptado" => "2004-11-16" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key Words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154127" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Asthma" 1 => "Asthma knowledge" 2 => "Questionnaire" 3 => "Validation" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154126" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Asma" 1 => "Conocimiento en asma" 2 => "Cuestionario" 3 => "Validación" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Interventions to increase asthma knowledge enable children and/or their parents to acquire skills needed for the prevention and/or appropriate management of crises. Periods of illness caused by the disease can thereby be reduced. However, no validated instrument for quantifying knowledge of asthma is available in Spanish. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate an asthma knowledge questionnaire that could be self-administered by parents and/or persons charged with caring for asthmatic children.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The 17 items that make up the questionnaire were obtained on the basis of a review of the literature, focus group discussions, the professional experience of the researchers, and pilot studies. We evaluated the instrument's face, content, and concurrent validity and analyzed its factorial structure. The test-retest reliability of the questionnaire and its sensitivity to change were also assessed.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 120 pediatric patients with a mean (SD) age of 4.5 (3.7) years participated. Factor analysis demonstrated a probable structure of 3 factors that together explained 85% of the total variance in results. The opinion of an interdisciplinary group of experts on asthma confirmed the face validity of the instrument. The questionnaire's ability to distinguish between parents with high and low asthma knowledge demonstrated its concurrent validity. Test-retest reliability was demonstrated, as was sensitivity to change between 2 different testing moments.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The asthma knowledge questionnaire developed is useful and reliable for quantifying the baseline level of asthma knowledge of parents of asthmatic children as well as to assess the efficacy of an educational intervention aiming to increase knowledge and understanding of the disease.</p>" ] "es" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Una intervención educativa destinada a aumen-tar el conocimiento acerca del asma permite a los niños y/o sus padres adquirir habilidades que les permitan prevenir y/o manejar adecuadamente las crisis asmáticas, disminuyendo la morbilidad producida por la enfermedad. Sin embargo, en nuestro medio no contamos con un instrumento validado que nos permita cuantificar el nivel de conocimiento de asma. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido desarrollar y validar un cuestionario de conocimientos acerca del asma para ser cumplimentado por los padres y/o personas encargadas del cuidado de pacientes pediátricos asmáticos.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material y métodos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">LOS 17 ítems que conforman el cuestionario se obtuvieron de la revisión de la bibliografía, la realización de grupos focales, la experiencia profesional de los investigadores y la realización de pruebas piloto. Se evaluó la validez de apariencia, de contenido y de criterio concurrente del instrumento; asimismo se determinaron la estructura factorial, la fiabilidad test-retest y la sensibilidad al cambio del cuestionario.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyó a 120 pacientes pediátricos con una edad promedio (± desviación estándar) de 4,5 ± 3,7 años. El análisis factorial demostró una estructura probable de 3 factores, que en conjunto explican el 85% de la varianza total de los resultados. La validez de apariencia y de contenido se basó en el concepto de un grupo multidisciplinario de expertos en el tema. La validez de criterio concurrente se demostró mediante la habilidad del cuestionario para distinguir a los padres con alto y con bajo conocimiento acerca del asma. Se demostraron además una adecuada fiabilidad test-retest y una adecuada sensibilidad al cambio al comparar la puntuación del cuestionario administrado en 2 ocasiones distintas.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El cuestionario de conocimientos de asma desarrollado en el estudio es una herramienta útil y fiable para cuantificar el nivel basal de conocimiento acerca del asma en padres de niños asmáticos, así como para determi-nar la eficacia de una intervención educativa destinada a au-mentar el conocimiento y la comprensión de la enfermedad.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "REFERENCES" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:25 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "Expert Panel Report II" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. National Asthma Management and Prevention" "fecha" => "1997" "editorial" => "National Institutes of Health" "editorialLocalizacion" => "Bethesda" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A social cognitive view of self-regulated learning about health" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "NM Clark" 1 => "BJ Zimmerman" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Health Educ Res" "fecha" => "1990" "volumen" => "5" "paginaInicial" => "371" "paginaFinal" => "379" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib3" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Theories and principles of health education applied to asthma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "LW Green" 1 => "CJ Frankish" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "1994" "volumen" => "4" "paginaInicial" => "219S" "paginaFinal" => "230S" ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib4" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "Global Initiative for Asthma. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention" "fecha" => "2002" "editorial" => "National Institutes of Health" "editorialLocalizacion" => "Bethesda" ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib5" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The validity and reliability of an asthma knowledge questionnaire used in the evaluation of a group asthma education self-management program for adults with asthma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "RM Allen" 1 => "M Jones" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J. Asthma" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "35" "paginaInicial" => "537" "paginaFinal" => "545" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9777880" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib6" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Practice parameters for the diagnosis and treatment of asthma: G. Patient education" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "Joint Task Force" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Allergy Clin Immunol" "fecha" => "1995" "volumen" => "96" "paginaInicial" => "811" "paginaFinal" => "820" ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib7" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Economic analysis of two structured treatment and teaching programs on asthma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M Neri" 1 => "GB Migliori" 2 => "A Spanevello" 3 => "D Berra" 4 => "E Nicolin" 5 => "CV Londoni" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Allergy" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "51" "paginaInicial" => "313" "paginaFinal" => "319" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8836335" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib8" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Conceptos básicos sobre validación de escalas" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "R Sánchez" 1 => "C Gómez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Col Psiquiatría" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "121" "paginaFinal" => "130" ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib9" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Validation of an asthma knowledge questionnaire" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "CA Fitzclarence" 1 => "RL Henry" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr Child Health" "fecha" => "1990" "volumen" => "26" "paginaInicial" => "200" "paginaFinal" => "204" ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib10" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Relations among asthma knowledge, treatment adherence, and outcome" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J Ho" 1 => "BG Bender" 2 => "LA Gavin" 3 => "SL O'Connor" 4 => "MZ Wamboldt" 5 => "FS Wamboldt" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Allergy Clin Immunol" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "111" "paginaInicial" => "498" "paginaFinal" => "502" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12642828" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib11" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A health education program for children with asthma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "GS Parcel" 1 => "PR Nader" 2 => "K Tiernan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Dev Behav Pediatr" "fecha" => "1980" "volumen" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "128" "paginaFinal" => "132" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7229057" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib12" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "An evaluation of parental knowledge of childhood asthma in a family practice setting" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "SE Moosa" 1 => "LD Henley" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "S Afr Med J" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "87" "paginaInicial" => "42" "paginaFinal" => "45" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9063312" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib13" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Increasing parental knowledge of asthma decreases the hospitalization of the child: a pilot study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "U Brook" 1 => "A Mendelberg" 2 => "M Heim" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Asthma" "fecha" => "1993" "volumen" => "30" "paginaInicial" => "45" "paginaFinal" => "49" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8428857" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0735109705007631" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "07351097" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib14" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "A Ruiz Morales" 1 => "LE Morillo Zárate" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "Epidemiología clínica: investigación clínica aplicada" "paginaInicial" => "163" "paginaFinal" => "180" "serieFecha" => "2004" ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib15" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A concordance correlation coefficient to evaluate reproducibility" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "LI-K Lin" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Biometrics" "fecha" => "1989" "volumen" => "45" "paginaInicial" => "255" "paginaFinal" => "268" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2720055" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib16" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of test" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "LJ Cronbach" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Psychometrika" "fecha" => "1951" "volumen" => "16" "paginaInicial" => "297" ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib17" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Tamaño de la muestra. A computer program to estimate the required sample size and power in clinical research [abstract]" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A Pérez" 1 => "N Rodríguez" 2 => "JFA Gil" 3 => "GA Ramírez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Epidemiol" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "52" "numero" => "Supl 1" "paginaInicial" => "38S" ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib18" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A Pérez" 1 => "N Rodríguez" 2 => "JFA Gil" 3 => "GA Ramírez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "Tamaño de la muestra. Un programa sistematizado para estimar el tamaño de la muestra requerido para diseños de investigación" "fecha" => "2001" "editorial" => "Pontificia Universidad Javeriana" "editorialLocalizacion" => "Bogotá" ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib19" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Acute asthma in children: evaluation of management in a hospital emergency department" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "PJ Barnett" 1 => "F Oberklaid" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Med J Aust" "fecha" => "1991" "volumen" => "154" "paginaInicial" => "729" "paginaFinal" => "733" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1675420" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib20" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Review of asthma self-management programs" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "GS Rachelefsky" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Allergy Clin Immunol" "fecha" => "1897" "volumen" => "80" "paginaInicial" => "506" "paginaFinal" => "511" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3305670" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib21" "etiqueta" => "21" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy asthma questionnaire" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "JK Wigal" 1 => "C Stout" 2 => "M Brandon" 3 => "JA Winder" 4 => "K McConnaughy" 5 => "TL Creer" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "1993" "volumen" => "104" "paginaInicial" => "1144" "paginaFinal" => "1148" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8404182" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib22" "etiqueta" => "22" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Asthma education" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "LP Boulet" 1 => "KR Chapman" 2 => "LW Green" 3 => "JM Fitzgerald" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "1994" "volumen" => "106" "paginaInicial" => "184S" "paginaFinal" => "196S" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7924543" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib23" "etiqueta" => "23" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effects of educational interventions for self management of asthma in children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "JP Guevara" 1 => "FM Wolf" 2 => "CM Grum" 3 => "NM Clark" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/bmj.326.7402.1308" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "BMJ" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "326" "paginaInicial" => "1308" "paginaFinal" => "1309" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12805167" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib24" "etiqueta" => "24" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Parental smoking and the risk of childhood asthma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "SL Gortmaker" 1 => "DK Walker" 2 => "FH Jacobs" 3 => "H Ruch-Ross" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Public Health" "fecha" => "1982" "volumen" => "72" "paginaInicial" => "574" "paginaFinal" => "579" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7072874" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib25" "etiqueta" => "25" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The impact of passive smoking on emergency room visits of urban children with asthma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "D Evans" 1 => "MJ Levinson" 2 => "CH Feldman" 3 => "NM Clark" 4 => "V Wasilesky" 5 => "B Levin" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/arrd.1987.135.3.567" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am Rev Respir Dis" "fecha" => "1987" "volumen" => "135" "paginaInicial" => "567" "paginaFinal" => "572" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3826881" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/15792129/0000004100000008/v1_201305150223/S1579212906602565/v1_201305150223/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => null "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/15792129/0000004100000008/v1_201305150223/S1579212906602565/v1_201305150223/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00003Z&text.app=https://archbronconeumol.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212906602565?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 6 | 2 | 8 |
| 2024 October | 40 | 28 | 68 |
| 2024 September | 46 | 23 | 69 |
| 2024 August | 56 | 39 | 95 |
| 2024 July | 37 | 29 | 66 |
| 2024 June | 48 | 28 | 76 |
| 2024 May | 46 | 36 | 82 |
| 2024 April | 29 | 32 | 61 |
| 2024 March | 31 | 18 | 49 |
| 2024 February | 22 | 25 | 47 |
| 2023 March | 5 | 10 | 15 |
| 2023 February | 52 | 23 | 75 |
| 2023 January | 30 | 29 | 59 |
| 2022 December | 42 | 28 | 70 |
| 2022 November | 34 | 31 | 65 |
| 2022 October | 42 | 42 | 84 |
| 2022 September | 26 | 21 | 47 |
| 2022 August | 22 | 38 | 60 |
| 2022 July | 42 | 54 | 96 |
| 2022 June | 25 | 36 | 61 |
| 2022 May | 29 | 50 | 79 |
| 2022 April | 26 | 41 | 67 |
| 2022 March | 17 | 37 | 54 |
| 2022 February | 22 | 44 | 66 |
| 2022 January | 22 | 52 | 74 |
| 2021 December | 22 | 57 | 79 |
| 2021 November | 29 | 62 | 91 |
| 2021 October | 27 | 53 | 80 |
| 2021 September | 21 | 57 | 78 |
| 2021 August | 18 | 49 | 67 |
| 2021 July | 13 | 35 | 48 |
| 2021 June | 30 | 59 | 89 |
| 2021 May | 12 | 66 | 78 |
| 2021 April | 42 | 138 | 180 |
| 2021 March | 19 | 90 | 109 |
| 2021 February | 13 | 82 | 95 |
| 2021 January | 8 | 70 | 78 |
| 2020 December | 17 | 70 | 87 |
| 2020 November | 8 | 59 | 67 |
| 2020 October | 10 | 50 | 60 |
| 2020 September | 13 | 48 | 61 |
| 2020 August | 12 | 99 | 111 |
| 2020 July | 16 | 111 | 127 |
| 2020 June | 10 | 44 | 54 |
| 2020 May | 20 | 70 | 90 |
| 2020 April | 20 | 72 | 92 |
| 2020 March | 12 | 89 | 101 |
| 2020 February | 16 | 103 | 119 |
| 2020 January | 29 | 88 | 117 |
| 2019 December | 23 | 34 | 57 |
| 2019 November | 16 | 25 | 41 |
| 2019 October | 10 | 36 | 46 |
| 2019 September | 11 | 70 | 81 |
| 2019 August | 19 | 58 | 77 |
| 2019 July | 21 | 65 | 86 |
| 2019 June | 13 | 81 | 94 |
| 2019 May | 14 | 97 | 111 |
| 2019 April | 20 | 96 | 116 |
| 2019 March | 17 | 103 | 120 |
| 2019 February | 14 | 68 | 82 |
| 2019 January | 16 | 43 | 59 |
| 2018 December | 14 | 49 | 63 |
| 2018 November | 21 | 40 | 61 |
| 2018 October | 12 | 19 | 31 |
| 2018 September | 11 | 41 | 52 |
| 2018 May | 4 | 1 | 5 |
| 2018 April | 13 | 9 | 22 |
| 2018 March | 4 | 4 | 8 |
| 2018 February | 3 | 7 | 10 |
| 2018 January | 9 | 12 | 21 |
| 2017 December | 4 | 27 | 31 |
| 2017 November | 6 | 64 | 70 |
| 2017 October | 5 | 63 | 68 |
| 2017 September | 11 | 52 | 63 |
| 2017 August | 6 | 62 | 68 |
| 2017 July | 1 | 42 | 43 |
| 2017 June | 15 | 66 | 81 |
| 2017 May | 10 | 64 | 74 |
| 2017 April | 0 | 50 | 50 |
| 2017 March | 8 | 71 | 79 |
| 2017 February | 7 | 57 | 64 |
| 2017 January | 2 | 34 | 36 |
| 2016 December | 4 | 17 | 21 |
| 2016 November | 7 | 37 | 44 |
| 2016 October | 8 | 11 | 19 |
| 2016 September | 12 | 23 | 35 |
| 2016 August | 9 | 12 | 21 |
| 2016 July | 6 | 7 | 13 |
| 2016 April | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2016 March | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2016 February | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 December | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 October | 61 | 1 | 62 |
| 2015 September | 59 | 57 | 116 |
| 2015 August | 67 | 53 | 120 |
| 2015 July | 52 | 36 | 88 |
| 2015 June | 61 | 35 | 96 |
| 2015 May | 80 | 51 | 131 |
| 2015 April | 66 | 29 | 95 |
| 2015 March | 78 | 57 | 135 |
| 2015 February | 63 | 30 | 93 |
| 2015 January | 42 | 27 | 69 |
| 2014 December | 91 | 38 | 129 |
| 2014 November | 99 | 34 | 133 |
| 2014 October | 121 | 36 | 157 |
| 2014 September | 110 | 14 | 124 |
| 2014 August | 101 | 11 | 112 |
| 2014 July | 66 | 12 | 78 |
| 2014 June | 85 | 15 | 100 |
| 2014 May | 92 | 16 | 108 |
| 2014 April | 103 | 14 | 117 |
| 2014 March | 72 | 19 | 91 |
| 2014 February | 69 | 16 | 85 |
| 2014 January | 62 | 13 | 75 |
| 2013 December | 50 | 16 | 66 |
| 2013 November | 55 | 18 | 73 |
| 2013 October | 51 | 29 | 80 |
| 2013 September | 56 | 18 | 74 |
| 2013 August | 53 | 11 | 64 |
| 2013 July | 60 | 20 | 80 |
| 2013 June | 55 | 12 | 67 |
| 2013 May | 54 | 13 | 67 |
| 2013 April | 36 | 16 | 52 |
| 2013 March | 10 | 1 | 11 |
Show all
