Original Articles
Agreement in Asthmatics' Perception of Dyspnea During Acute and Chronic Obstruction
Read
4212
Timeswas read the article
1823
Total PDF
2389
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:23 [ "pii" => "S1579212906602437" "issn" => "15792129" "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(06)60243-7" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2005-07-01" "aid" => "60243" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)" "copyrightAnyo" => "2005" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2005;41:371-5" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2261 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 107 "HTML" => 1498 "PDF" => 656 ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1579212906602449" "issn" => "15792129" "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(06)60244-9" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2005-07-01" "aid" => "60244" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2005;41:376-9" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2220 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 117 "HTML" => 1388 "PDF" => 715 ] ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Articles</span>" "titulo" => "Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Benign and Malignant Pleural Effusions" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "376" "paginaFinal" => "379" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "A. Kaya, B. Poyraz, G. Celik, A. Ciledag, B.E. Gulbay, H. Savas, I. Savas" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Kaya" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "B." "apellidos" => "Poyraz" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "G." "apellidos" => "Celik" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Ciledag" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "B.E." "apellidos" => "Gulbay" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "H." "apellidos" => "Savas" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "I." "apellidos" => "Savas" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212906602449?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/15792129/0000004100000007/v1_201305150220/S1579212906602449/v1_201305150220/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1579212906602425" "issn" => "15792129" "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(06)60242-5" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2005-07-01" "aid" => "60242" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2005;41:363-70" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1976 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 113 "HTML" => 1264 "PDF" => 599 ] ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Articles</span>" "titulo" => "Effects of HIV Status and Other Variables on the Outcome of Tuberculosis Treatment in Spain" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "363" "paginaFinal" => "370" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "M. Díez Ruiz-Navarro, J.A. Hernández Espinosa, M.J. Bleda Hernández, A. Díaz Franco, C. Castells Carrillo, A. Domínguez García, A.M. García Fulgueiras, P. Gayoso Diz, M.J. López de Valdivielso, M.F. Vázquez Fernández" "autores" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "preGrado" => "Dr." "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Díez Ruiz-Navarro" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.A." "apellidos" => "Hernández Espinosa" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.J." "apellidos" => "Bleda Hernández" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Díaz Franco" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Castells Carrillo" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Domínguez García" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A.M." "apellidos" => "García Fulgueiras" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Gayoso Diz" ] 8 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.J." "apellidos" => "López de Valdivielso" ] 9 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.F." "apellidos" => "Vázquez Fernández" ] 10 => array:1 [ "colaborador" => "on behalf of the PMIT-2 Working Group" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212906602425?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/15792129/0000004100000007/v1_201305150220/S1579212906602425/v1_201305150220/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:15 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Articles</span>" "titulo" => "Agreement in Asthmatics' Perception of Dyspnea During Acute and Chronic Obstruction" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "371" "paginaFinal" => "375" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "E. Martínez-Moragón, M. Perpiñá, A. Belloch, A. de Diego, M.E. Martínez-Francés" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:5 [ "preGrado" => "Dra." "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Martínez-Moragón" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "emm01v@saludalia.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Perpiñá" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Belloch" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "de Diego" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M.E." "apellidos" => "Martínez-Francés" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Hospital de Sagunto, Port de Sagunt, Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamientos Psicológicos, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "Correspondence: Dra. E. Martínez-Moragón. Servicio de Neumología (Medicina Interna). Hospital de Sagunto. Avda. Ramón y Cajal, s/n. 46520 Port de Sagunt. Valencia. España" ] ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2004-04-12" "fechaAceptado" => "2004-11-16" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key Words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154105" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Dyspnea" 1 => "Asthma" 2 => "Perception" 3 => "Borg scale" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154104" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Disnea" 1 => "Asma" 2 => "Percepción" 3 => "Escala de Borg" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Three types of asthmatic patients can be identified during periods of clinical stability: “poor perceivers,” “normal perceivers,” and “over perceivers.” When asthmatics undergo bronchial challenge in the laboratory, the same distinctions in type of perception can be observed. The aim of the present study was to determine the level of agreement between the 2 situations.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 93 patients with persistent moderate asthma (36 men and 57 women; mean age 40 years) were studied. We asked them to assess their dyspnea on a modified Borg scale when stable and after each histamine dose in a bronchial provocation test. When a patient's Borg scale assessment in stable situation was below the 25th percentile, that patient was classified as a poor perceiver. Patients were considered over perceivers if their score in stable situation was in the 75th percentile. Others were labeled normal perceivers. Type of perception during acute bronchoconstriction was defined in function of the change in Borg assessment once forced expiratory volume in the first second had decreased 20%: poor perceivers were those whose change in Borg assessment was in the 25th percentile, over perceivers were in the 75th percentile, and normal perceivers in the middle percentiles.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In stable situation, 23 patients were poor perceivers, 58 were normal perceivers, and 12 were over perceivers. During bronchoconstriction, there were 23 poor perceivers, 47 normal perceivers, and 23 over perceivers. Agreement was estimated by a kappa index of 0.0574 for poor perception, 0.1521 for over perception, and 0.3980 for normal perception.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Asthmatics' perception of dyspnea during periods of stability and during acute bronchoconstriction are independent phenomena. It is therefore not possible to infer how a patient will perceive an asthmatic attack by evaluating only how he or she perceives breathlessness during stable periods.</p>" ] "es" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Durante la estabilidad clínica se pueden distinguir 3 tipos de asmáticos: hipoperceptores, normoperceptores e hiperperceptores. Cuando a esos mismos pacientes se les provoca una broncoconstricción aguda, también existen hipo, normo e hiperperceptores de disnea. El objetivo del presente trabajo ha sido comprobar la concordancia entre ambas situaciones.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y métodos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se ha estudiado a 93 pacientes con asma persistente moderada (36 varones y 57 mujeres; edad media de 40 años). Se les pidió que estimaran su disnea (es-cala modificada de Borg) en situación de estabilidad y después de cada dosis de histamina en una prueba de broncoprovocación. Cuando la puntuación de Borg en situación estable era menor del percentil 25, se consideró hipoperceptor; si era superior al percentil 75, hiperperceptor, y normoperceptor al grupo restante. En función del cambio de disnea al descender un 20% el volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo se distinguieron los perceptores agudos: hipoperceptores (cambio en Borg inferior al percentil 25), hiperperceptores (cambio superior al percentil 75) y normoperceptores (cambio entre los percentiles 25 y 75).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En situación estable 23 pacientes fueron hipoperceptores, 58 normoperceptores y 12 hiperperceptores, mientras que durante la broncoconstricción hubo 23 hipoperceptores, 47 normoperceptores y 23 hiperperceptores. El análisis de concordancia mostró un índice kappa de 0,0574 para la hipopercepción, de 0,1521 para la hiperpercepción y de 0,3980 para la normopercepción.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las percepciones de disnea de los asmáticos en situación estable y durante una broncoconstricción aguda son fenómenos independientes. Por ello, no es posible inferir cómo un paciente va a percibir una crisis de asma va-lorando únicamente cómo percibe su enfermedad durante la estabilidad clínica.</p>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">This study was partially funded by Red Respira-ISCIII (RTIC-03-11).</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "REFERENCES" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:23 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The sensation of breathlessness" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "EJM Campbell" 1 => "JBL Howell" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br Med Bull" "fecha" => "1963" "volumen" => "19" "paginaInicial" => "36" "paginaFinal" => "40" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14018125" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Poorly perceived asthma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "PJ Barnes" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Thorax" "fecha" => "1992" "volumen" => "47" "paginaInicial" => "408" "paginaFinal" => "409" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1496496" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib3" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Chemosensitivity and perception of dyspnea in patients with a history of near-fatal asthma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "Y Kiruchi" 1 => "S Okaabe" 2 => "G Tamura" 3 => "W Hida" 4 => "M Homma" 5 => "K Shirato" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM199405123301901" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med" "fecha" => "1994" "volumen" => "330" "paginaInicial" => "1329" "paginaFinal" => "1334" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8152444" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib4" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Perception scoring of induced bronchoconstriction as an index of awareness of asthma symptoms" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "L-P Boulet" 1 => "P Leblanc" 2 => "H Turcotte" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "1994" "volumen" => "105" "paginaInicial" => "1430" "paginaFinal" => "1433" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8181331" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib5" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Perception of asthma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "AR Rubinfeld" 1 => "MCF Pain" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lancet" "fecha" => "1976" "volumen" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "882" "paginaFinal" => "884" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2564955" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib6" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Pathophysiology of dyspnea" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "HL Manning" 1 => "RM Schwartzstein" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM199512073332307" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med" "fecha" => "1995" "volumen" => "333" "paginaInicial" => "1547" "paginaFinal" => "1553" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7477171" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib7" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Perception of asthma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "AH Kendrick" 1 => "CMB Higgs" 2 => "G Laszlo" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Asthma Rev" "fecha" => "1977" "volumen" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "189" "paginaFinal" => "204" ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib8" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Standards for the diagnosis and care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "American Thoracic Society" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm/136.1.225" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am Rev Respir Dis" "fecha" => "1987" "volumen" => "136" "paginaInicial" => "225" "paginaFinal" => "244" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3605835" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib9" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Guía española para el manejo del asma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "colaboracion" => "en calidad de Comité Ejecutivo de la GEMA y en representación del grupo de redactores" "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "V Plaza Moral" 1 => "FJ Álvarez Gutiérrez" 2 => "P Casan Clarà" 3 => "N Cobos Barroso" 4 => "A López Viña" 5 => "MA Llauger Roselló" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "39" "numero" => "Supl 5" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "42" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14587516" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib10" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention NHLBI/WHO Workshop Report, 2002." ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib11" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Psychophysical basis of perceived exertion" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "GAV Borg" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Med Sci Sports Exerc" "fecha" => "1982" "volumen" => "14" "paginaInicial" => "377" "paginaFinal" => "381" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7154893" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib12" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A scale for measurement of quality of life in adults with asthma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "GB Marks" 1 => "SM Dunn" 2 => "J Woolcock" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Epidemiol" "fecha" => "1992" "volumen" => "45" "paginaInicial" => "461" "paginaFinal" => "472" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1588352" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib13" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cali-dad de vida en asma: validación del cuestionario AQL para su utilización en población asmática española" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "M Perpiñá" 1 => "A Belloch" 2 => "LM Pascual" 3 => "A de Diego" 4 => "L Compte" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol" "fecha" => "1995" "volumen" => "31" "paginaInicial" => "211" "paginaFinal" => "218" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7788082" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib14" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "CD Spielberger" 1 => "RL Gorsuch" 2 => "E Lushene" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "STAI, manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (self evaluation questionnaire)" "fecha" => "1979" "editorial" => "Consulting Psychologist Press" "editorialLocalizacion" => "Palo Alto" ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib15" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "AT Beck" 1 => "AJ Rush" 2 => "BF Shaw" 3 => "G Emery" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "Cognitive therapy of depression" "fecha" => "1979" "editorial" => "Guilford Press" "editorialLocalizacion" => "New York" ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib16" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Normativa para la práctica de la espirometría forzada" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J Sanchís" 1 => "P Casán" 2 => "J Castillo" 3 => "N González" 4 => "L Palenciano" 5 => "J Roca" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol" "fecha" => "1989" "volumen" => "25" "paginaInicial" => "132" "paginaFinal" => "142" ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib17" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bronchial reactivity to inhaled histamine: a method and clinical survey" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "DW Cocckroft" 1 => "DN Killian" 2 => "JA Mellon" 3 => "FE Hargreave" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Allergy" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "7" "paginaInicial" => "235" "paginaFinal" => "243" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/908121" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib18" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Percepción de la disnea durante la broncoconstricción aguda en los pacientes con asma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "E Martínez-Moragón" 1 => "M Perpiñá" 2 => "A Belloch" 3 => "A de Diego" 4 => "ME Martínez-Francés" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "39" "paginaInicial" => "67" "paginaFinal" => "73" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12586046" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib19" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Determinants of dyspnea in patients with different grades of stable asthma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "E Martínez-Moragón" 1 => "M Perpiñá" 2 => "A Belloch" 3 => "A de Diego" 4 => "ME Martínez-Francés" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Asthma" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "40" "paginaInicial" => "375" "paginaFinal" => "382" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12870833" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib20" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The measurement of observed agreement for categoric data" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "JR Landis" 1 => "GG Koch" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Biometrics" "fecha" => "1977" "volumen" => "33" "paginaInicial" => "159" "paginaFinal" => "174" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/843571" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib21" "etiqueta" => "21" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The language of breathlessness" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "MW Elliot" 1 => "L Adams" 2 => "A Cockcroft" 3 => "KD MacRae" 4 => "K Murphy" 5 => "A Guz" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm/144.4.826" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am Rev Respir Dis" "fecha" => "1991" "volumen" => "144" "paginaInicial" => "826" "paginaFinal" => "832" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1928956" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib22" "etiqueta" => "22" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Descriptors of breathlessness in cardiorespiratory diseases" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "DA Mahler" 1 => "A Harver" 2 => "T Lentine" 3 => "JA Scott" 4 => "K Beck" 5 => "RM Schwartzstein" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.154.5.8912748" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "154" "paginaInicial" => "1357" "paginaFinal" => "1363" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8912748" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib23" "etiqueta" => "23" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Language of dyspnea in assessment of patients with acute asthma treated with nebulized albuterol" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "ML Moy" 1 => "ML Lantin" 2 => "A Harver" 3 => "RM Schwartzstein" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.158.3.9707088" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "158" "paginaInicial" => "749" "paginaFinal" => "753" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9731000" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/15792129/0000004100000007/v1_201305150220/S1579212906602437/v1_201305150220/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => null "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/15792129/0000004100000007/v1_201305150220/S1579212906602437/v1_201305150220/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00003Z&text.app=https://archbronconeumol.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212906602437?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 8 | 4 | 12 |
| 2024 October | 67 | 16 | 83 |
| 2024 September | 43 | 18 | 61 |
| 2024 August | 52 | 37 | 89 |
| 2024 July | 25 | 24 | 49 |
| 2024 June | 29 | 24 | 53 |
| 2024 May | 28 | 29 | 57 |
| 2024 April | 24 | 22 | 46 |
| 2024 March | 18 | 18 | 36 |
| 2024 February | 17 | 19 | 36 |
| 2023 March | 4 | 4 | 8 |
| 2023 February | 19 | 20 | 39 |
| 2023 January | 15 | 35 | 50 |
| 2022 December | 23 | 24 | 47 |
| 2022 November | 20 | 22 | 42 |
| 2022 October | 16 | 30 | 46 |
| 2022 September | 15 | 21 | 36 |
| 2022 August | 17 | 34 | 51 |
| 2022 July | 21 | 38 | 59 |
| 2022 June | 19 | 34 | 53 |
| 2022 May | 19 | 38 | 57 |
| 2022 April | 17 | 23 | 40 |
| 2022 March | 19 | 33 | 52 |
| 2022 February | 17 | 30 | 47 |
| 2022 January | 10 | 33 | 43 |
| 2021 December | 13 | 54 | 67 |
| 2021 November | 16 | 46 | 62 |
| 2021 October | 16 | 36 | 52 |
| 2021 September | 16 | 52 | 68 |
| 2021 August | 10 | 30 | 40 |
| 2021 July | 7 | 25 | 32 |
| 2021 June | 20 | 40 | 60 |
| 2021 May | 11 | 27 | 38 |
| 2021 April | 24 | 47 | 71 |
| 2021 March | 18 | 22 | 40 |
| 2021 February | 18 | 21 | 39 |
| 2021 January | 8 | 9 | 17 |
| 2020 December | 8 | 16 | 24 |
| 2020 November | 6 | 16 | 22 |
| 2020 October | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| 2020 September | 6 | 10 | 16 |
| 2020 August | 12 | 10 | 22 |
| 2020 July | 10 | 16 | 26 |
| 2020 June | 9 | 5 | 14 |
| 2020 May | 32 | 16 | 48 |
| 2020 April | 38 | 15 | 53 |
| 2020 March | 14 | 13 | 27 |
| 2020 February | 16 | 13 | 29 |
| 2020 January | 30 | 11 | 41 |
| 2019 December | 23 | 14 | 37 |
| 2019 November | 12 | 25 | 37 |
| 2019 October | 4 | 5 | 9 |
| 2019 September | 8 | 6 | 14 |
| 2019 August | 10 | 8 | 18 |
| 2019 July | 13 | 21 | 34 |
| 2019 June | 7 | 8 | 15 |
| 2019 May | 13 | 8 | 21 |
| 2019 April | 16 | 17 | 33 |
| 2019 March | 11 | 15 | 26 |
| 2019 February | 16 | 14 | 30 |
| 2019 January | 9 | 5 | 14 |
| 2018 December | 9 | 16 | 25 |
| 2018 November | 12 | 28 | 40 |
| 2018 October | 31 | 31 | 62 |
| 2018 September | 12 | 11 | 23 |
| 2018 May | 7 | 1 | 8 |
| 2018 April | 3 | 6 | 9 |
| 2018 March | 3 | 4 | 7 |
| 2018 February | 6 | 9 | 15 |
| 2018 January | 3 | 10 | 13 |
| 2017 December | 4 | 8 | 12 |
| 2017 November | 6 | 7 | 13 |
| 2017 October | 6 | 5 | 11 |
| 2017 September | 8 | 18 | 26 |
| 2017 August | 7 | 12 | 19 |
| 2017 July | 3 | 4 | 7 |
| 2017 June | 14 | 13 | 27 |
| 2017 May | 6 | 7 | 13 |
| 2017 April | 2 | 4 | 6 |
| 2017 March | 6 | 5 | 11 |
| 2017 February | 2 | 6 | 8 |
| 2017 January | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 2016 December | 10 | 12 | 22 |
| 2016 November | 11 | 6 | 17 |
| 2016 October | 7 | 10 | 17 |
| 2016 September | 9 | 5 | 14 |
| 2016 August | 11 | 5 | 16 |
| 2016 July | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| 2016 March | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 December | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 October | 41 | 1 | 42 |
| 2015 September | 28 | 11 | 39 |
| 2015 August | 26 | 9 | 35 |
| 2015 July | 36 | 14 | 50 |
| 2015 June | 34 | 4 | 38 |
| 2015 May | 31 | 10 | 41 |
| 2015 April | 25 | 7 | 32 |
| 2015 March | 24 | 11 | 35 |
| 2015 February | 32 | 4 | 36 |
| 2015 January | 22 | 6 | 28 |
| 2014 December | 34 | 5 | 39 |
| 2014 November | 22 | 4 | 26 |
| 2014 October | 45 | 13 | 58 |
| 2014 September | 40 | 7 | 47 |
| 2014 August | 32 | 9 | 41 |
| 2014 July | 26 | 7 | 33 |
| 2014 June | 48 | 8 | 56 |
| 2014 May | 41 | 11 | 52 |
| 2014 April | 62 | 5 | 67 |
| 2014 March | 53 | 11 | 64 |
| 2014 February | 49 | 5 | 54 |
| 2014 January | 38 | 7 | 45 |
| 2013 December | 33 | 13 | 46 |
| 2013 November | 34 | 6 | 40 |
| 2013 October | 34 | 6 | 40 |
| 2013 September | 31 | 11 | 42 |
| 2013 August | 29 | 8 | 37 |
| 2013 July | 48 | 8 | 56 |
| 2013 June | 38 | 5 | 43 |
| 2013 May | 34 | 5 | 39 |
| 2013 April | 29 | 7 | 36 |
| 2013 March | 11 | 1 | 12 |
Show all
