Original Articles
Bronchial Exudate of Serum Proteins During Asthma Attack
J. Beldaa,
, G. Margarita, C. Martínezb, P. Casana, F. Rodríguez-Jereza, M. Brufala, M. Torrejóna, C. Granela, J. Sanchisa
Corresponding author
jbelda@hsp.santpau.es
Correspondence: Dr. J. Belda. Clínica d'Asma i Al·lèrgia. Departament de Pneumologia. Hospital de la Santa Creu i de Sant Pau. Antoni M. Claret, 167. 08025 Barcelona. España
Correspondence: Dr. J. Belda. Clínica d'Asma i Al·lèrgia. Departament de Pneumologia. Hospital de la Santa Creu i de Sant Pau. Antoni M. Claret, 167. 08025 Barcelona. España
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"apellidos" => "Belda" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "jbelda@hsp.santpau.es" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "G." "apellidos" => "Margarit" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Martínez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Casan" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Rodríguez-Jerez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Brufal" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Torrejón" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Granel" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Sanchis" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Clínica d'Asma i Al-lérgia, Departament de Pneumologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servei de Bioquímica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "Correspondence: Dr. J. Belda. Clínica d'Asma i Al·lèrgia. Departament de Pneumologia. Hospital de la Santa Creu i de Sant Pau. Antoni M. Claret, 167. 08025 Barcelona. España" ] ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2004-05-03" "fechaAceptado" => "2004-11-30" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154091" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Albumin" 1 => "α<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>-macroglobulin" 2 => "Induced sputum" 3 => "Eosinophils" 4 => "Neutrophils" 5 => "Crisis, asthmatic" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154092" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Albúmina" 1 => "Macroglobulina α<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>" 2 => "Esputo inducido" 3 => "Eosinófilos" 4 => "Neutrófilos" 5 => "Crisis de asma" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Although altered vascular permeability and edema of the bronchial mucosa are associated with asthma attack, their influence on its severity remains unknown. We address this issue by comparing relative indices for the concentration of albumin (RIAlb) and α<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>-macroglobulin (RIα<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>M) in induced sputum and peripheral blood from patients with exacerbated asthma, patients with stable asthma, and control subjects.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Forty-six volunteers participated in the study: 14 with exacerbated asthma (forced expiratory volume in the first second [FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>] 74.3% [SD, 20.8%] of reference), 23 with stable asthma (FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 93.6% [7.5%]), and 9 controls (FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 101.1% [9.9%]). The concentrations of albumin and α<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>-macroglobulin were quantified by immunoturbidimetry and immunonephelometry, respectively. The relative index was then calculated by dividing the concentration in sputum supernatant by the concentration in peripheral blood.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The mean RIAlb was 1.2 (1.1) in the control group, 2.9 (3.1) in the stable asthma group, and 6.0 (6.7) in the exacerbated asthma group. The RIα<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>M values were 11.7 (10.9), 11.9 (14.7), and 3.2 (3.8) for the control group and stable and exacerbated asthma groups, respectively. The increases in the RIAlb values between all groups, and the decrease in the RIα<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>M value between the exacerbated asthma and control groups were statistically significant (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> <.05). The percentage of neutrophils, but not of eosinophils, in sputum was correlated with the RIAlb (r=0.39; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> = .008) but not the RIα<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>M (r=-0.035; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> = .82). FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> displayed an inverse relationship with the RIAlb (r=-0.43; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> = .009) but not with the RIα<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>M (r=-0.206; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> = .24). No correlation was found between oxyhemoglobin saturation and either the RIAlb (r=-0.33; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> = .19) or the RIα<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>M (r=-0.12; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> = .84).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Vascular permeability is altered during asthma exacerbations and appears to be correlated with the presence of neutrophils and the degree of bronchial obstruction.</p>" ] "es" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La alteración de la permeabilidad vascular y el edema de la mucosa bronquial se asocian con las crisis de asma. Hay pocos datos publicados y adems no se conoce su relación con la gravedad de éstas. Así se propuso comparar los índices relativos de albúmina (IRAlb) y de macroglobulina α<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> (IRMα<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>), entre esputo inducido y sangre periférica, de asmáticos agudizados (AA), asmáticos estables (AE) y controles.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y métodos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se estudió a 46 voluntarios: 14 del grupo AA (volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo [FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>]: 74,3 ± 20,8), 23 del AE (FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>: 93,6 ± 7,5) y 9 controles (FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>: 101,1 ± 9,9). Se cuantificó la concentración de albúmina (turbidimetría inmunoquímica) y de macroglobulina α<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> (nefelometría inmunoquímica) en el sobrenadante del esputo y en sangre venosa periférica y se calcularon los índices relativos.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La media ± desviación estándar del IRAlb fue de 1,2 ± 1,1 en el grupo control, de 2,9 ± 3,1 en AE y de 6,0 ± 6,7 en AA. El IRMα<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> fue 11,7 ± 10,9,11,9 ± 14,7 y 3,2 ± 3,8, respectivamente. El incremento del IRAlb entre los grupos AA, AE y control, y el descenso del IRMα<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> entre AA y control fueron estadísticamente significativos (p < 0,05). Se relacionó el porcentaje de neutrófilos, y no el de eosinófilos, con el IRAlb (r = 0,39; p = 0,008), pero no con el IRMα<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> (r = -0,035; p = 0,82). El FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> se relacionó inversamente con el IRAlb (r = -0,43; p = 0,009) y no con el IRM?<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> (r = -0,206; p = 0,24), y tampoco se relacionó la saturación de oxihemoglobina con el IRAlb (r = -0,33; p = 0,19) o el IRMα<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> (r = -0,12; p = 0,84).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La permeabilidad vascular está alterada en las agudizaciones de asma y parece relacionarse con la presencia de neutrófilos y el grado de obstrucción bronquial.</p>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">This work was partially funded by a grant from Red Respira (RITC-Instituto de Salud Carlos III and the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery [SEPAR]).</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "REFERENCES" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:25 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Mild exacerbations and eosinophilic inflammation in patients with stable, well-controlled asthma after 1 year of follow-up" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "J Belda" 1 => "J Giner" 2 => "P Casan" 3 => "J Sanchis" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "119" "paginaInicial" => "1011" "paginaFinal" => "1017" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11296162" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Reproducibility of allergen-induced early and late asthmatic responses" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "MD Inman" 1 => "R Watson" 2 => "DW Cockcroft" 3 => "BJ Wong" 4 => "FE Hargreave" 5 => "PM O'Byrne" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Allergy Clin Immunol" "fecha" => "1995" "volumen" => "95" "paginaInicial" => "1191" "paginaFinal" => "1195" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7797787" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0210569109001673" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "02105691" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib3" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Microvascular-epithelial exudation of plasma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "CGA Persson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:5 [ "titulo" => "Asthma: basic mechanisms and clinical management" "paginaInicial" => "253" "paginaFinal" => "267" "edicion" => "3rd ed." 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 5 | 6 | 11 |
| 2024 October | 33 | 15 | 48 |
| 2024 September | 33 | 8 | 41 |
| 2024 August | 46 | 39 | 85 |
| 2024 July | 24 | 28 | 52 |
| 2024 June | 38 | 20 | 58 |
| 2024 May | 32 | 33 | 65 |
| 2024 April | 18 | 27 | 45 |
| 2024 March | 18 | 18 | 36 |
| 2024 February | 15 | 22 | 37 |
| 2023 March | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| 2023 February | 12 | 24 | 36 |
| 2023 January | 31 | 27 | 58 |
| 2022 December | 23 | 28 | 51 |
| 2022 November | 16 | 26 | 42 |
| 2022 October | 24 | 33 | 57 |
| 2022 September | 13 | 21 | 34 |
| 2022 August | 19 | 32 | 51 |
| 2022 July | 20 | 35 | 55 |
| 2022 June | 16 | 28 | 44 |
| 2022 May | 14 | 28 | 42 |
| 2022 April | 15 | 26 | 41 |
| 2022 March | 24 | 30 | 54 |
| 2022 February | 13 | 23 | 36 |
| 2022 January | 12 | 29 | 41 |
| 2021 December | 13 | 36 | 49 |
| 2021 November | 21 | 43 | 64 |
| 2021 October | 19 | 50 | 69 |
| 2021 September | 18 | 45 | 63 |
| 2021 August | 13 | 23 | 36 |
| 2021 July | 14 | 21 | 35 |
| 2021 June | 16 | 33 | 49 |
| 2021 May | 14 | 22 | 36 |
| 2021 April | 26 | 51 | 77 |
| 2021 March | 18 | 12 | 30 |
| 2021 February | 17 | 23 | 40 |
| 2021 January | 9 | 10 | 19 |
| 2020 December | 10 | 21 | 31 |
| 2020 November | 3 | 9 | 12 |
| 2020 October | 9 | 10 | 19 |
| 2020 September | 4 | 3 | 7 |
| 2020 August | 11 | 9 | 20 |
| 2020 July | 11 | 15 | 26 |
| 2020 June | 7 | 4 | 11 |
| 2020 May | 21 | 11 | 32 |
| 2020 April | 18 | 11 | 29 |
| 2020 March | 16 | 12 | 28 |
| 2020 February | 15 | 13 | 28 |
| 2020 January | 19 | 13 | 32 |
| 2019 December | 15 | 15 | 30 |
| 2019 November | 8 | 13 | 21 |
| 2019 October | 5 | 5 | 10 |
| 2019 September | 12 | 21 | 33 |
| 2019 August | 8 | 8 | 16 |
| 2019 July | 10 | 13 | 23 |
| 2019 June | 13 | 3 | 16 |
| 2019 May | 11 | 14 | 25 |
| 2019 April | 36 | 34 | 70 |
| 2019 March | 11 | 16 | 27 |
| 2019 February | 10 | 13 | 23 |
| 2019 January | 8 | 10 | 18 |
| 2018 December | 5 | 9 | 14 |
| 2018 November | 10 | 9 | 19 |
| 2018 October | 27 | 8 | 35 |
| 2018 September | 8 | 7 | 15 |
| 2018 May | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2018 April | 5 | 5 | 10 |
| 2018 March | 7 | 9 | 16 |
| 2018 February | 5 | 8 | 13 |
| 2018 January | 2 | 7 | 9 |
| 2017 December | 6 | 9 | 15 |
| 2017 November | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| 2017 October | 3 | 8 | 11 |
| 2017 September | 4 | 10 | 14 |
| 2017 August | 6 | 8 | 14 |
| 2017 July | 4 | 5 | 9 |
| 2017 June | 5 | 7 | 12 |
| 2017 May | 7 | 20 | 27 |
| 2017 April | 1 | 6 | 7 |
| 2017 March | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 2017 February | 2 | 5 | 7 |
| 2017 January | 4 | 5 | 9 |
| 2016 December | 11 | 6 | 17 |
| 2016 November | 9 | 6 | 15 |
| 2016 October | 15 | 7 | 22 |
| 2016 September | 11 | 9 | 20 |
| 2016 August | 6 | 2 | 8 |
| 2016 July | 10 | 5 | 15 |
| 2016 March | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2016 January | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 December | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 October | 55 | 1 | 56 |
| 2015 September | 36 | 5 | 41 |
| 2015 August | 29 | 10 | 39 |
| 2015 July | 38 | 2 | 40 |
| 2015 June | 33 | 7 | 40 |
| 2015 May | 47 | 13 | 60 |
| 2015 April | 43 | 11 | 54 |
| 2015 March | 22 | 8 | 30 |
| 2015 February | 28 | 5 | 33 |
| 2015 January | 38 | 4 | 42 |
| 2014 December | 30 | 6 | 36 |
| 2014 November | 23 | 6 | 29 |
| 2014 October | 48 | 7 | 55 |
| 2014 September | 35 | 10 | 45 |
| 2014 August | 28 | 10 | 38 |
| 2014 July | 34 | 6 | 40 |
| 2014 June | 47 | 5 | 52 |
| 2014 May | 44 | 13 | 57 |
| 2014 April | 56 | 11 | 67 |
| 2014 March | 57 | 10 | 67 |
| 2014 February | 43 | 8 | 51 |
| 2014 January | 46 | 10 | 56 |
| 2013 December | 40 | 12 | 52 |
| 2013 November | 30 | 4 | 34 |
| 2013 October | 40 | 8 | 48 |
| 2013 September | 30 | 15 | 45 |
| 2013 August | 44 | 9 | 53 |
| 2013 July | 49 | 17 | 66 |
| 2013 June | 40 | 6 | 46 |
| 2013 May | 35 | 2 | 37 |
| 2013 April | 27 | 6 | 33 |
| 2013 March | 7 | 3 | 10 |
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