Techniques and Procedures
Determining Cardiac Output by Carbon Dioxide Rebreathing in Patients With Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome
A. Alonso-Fernándeza,
, M.A. Ariasb, F. García-Ríoc
Corresponding author
aaf_97@hotmail.com
Correspondence: Dr. A. Alonso-Fernández. Marte, 32. 28760 Tres Cantos. Madrid. España
Correspondence: Dr. A. Alonso-Fernández. Marte, 32. 28760 Tres Cantos. Madrid. España
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"apellidos" => "Alonso-Fernández" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "aaf_97@hotmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M.A." "apellidos" => "Arias" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "García-Río" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Son Dureta, Palma de Mallorca, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Cardiología, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Jaén, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "*" "correspondencia" => "Correspondence: Dr. A. Alonso-Fernández. Marte, 32. 28760 Tres Cantos. Madrid. España" ] ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2005-04-05" "fechaAceptado" => "2005-04-26" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154246" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Cardiac output" 1 => "Carbon dioxide rebreathing" 2 => "Stroke volume" 3 => "Sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome" 4 => "Left ventricular function" 5 => "Variability" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154247" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Gasto cardíaco" 1 => "Reinhalación de CO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>" 2 => "Volumen sistólico" 3 => "Síndrome de apneas durante el sueño" 4 => "Función ventricular izquierda" 5 => "Variabilidad" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The objective of the present study was to determine the relation between resting cardiac output in patients with sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome but without arterial hypertension or heart failure as measured indirectly by the carbon dioxide rebreathing method and left ventricular function evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography. We also compared the variability and reproducibility of the measurements obtained by the equilibrium and exponential methods. In patients with sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome there was a modest but significant association between resting cardiac output and left ventricular shortening fraction (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span>=0.690; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=.001) and left ventricular ejection fraction (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span>=0.690; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=.001). In addition, mean (SD) cardiac output obtained by the equilibrium method showed a lower coefficient of variability (0.21 [0.08]) than that of the exponential method (0.16 [0.09]) (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><.01) as well as a narrower reproducibility interval.</p>" ] "es" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido relacionar la medida indirecta del gasto cardíaco por reinhalación de anhídrido carbónico en reposo en pacientes con síndrome de apneas-hipopneas durante el sueño sin hipertensión arterial ni insuficiencia cardíaca, con la función ventricular izquierda valorada mediante ecocardiografía transtorácica. También se comparan la variabilidad y la reproducibilidad de las medidas obtenidas por el método del equilibrio y por el método exponencial. En pacientes con síndrome de apneas-hipopneas durante el sueño se evidencia una relación moderada pero significativa del gasto cardíaco en reposo (método de equilibrio) con las fracciones de acortamiento (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span> = 0,690; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> < 0,001) y de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo (r = 0,690; p < 0,001). Además, el gasto cardíaco obtenido por el método de equilibrio mostró un menor coeficiente de variabilidad que por el obtenido por el método exponencial (0,21 ± 0,08 frente a 0,16 ± 0,09; p < 0,01), así como un menor intervalo de reproducibilidad.</p>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">This study was partially funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias FIS 01/0278 and a PNEUMOMADRID 2000 grant.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "REFERENCES" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:15 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Long-term cardiovascular outcomes in men with obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea with or without treatment with continuous positive airway pressure: an observational study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "JM Marín" 1 => "SJ Carrizo" 2 => "E Vicente" 3 => "AG Agustí" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71141-7" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lancet" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "365" "paginaInicial" => "1046" "paginaFinal" => "1053" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15781100" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Obstructive sleep apneahypopnea and related clinical features in a population-based sample of subjects aged 30 to 70 yr" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "J Durán" 1 => "S Esnaola" 2 => "R Rubio" 3 => "A Iztueta" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.163.3.2005065" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "163" "paginaInicial" => "685" "paginaFinal" => "689" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11254524" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib3" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "El síndrome de apneas del sueño como causa y consecuencia de insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "F García-Río" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin (Barc)" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "116" "paginaInicial" => "312" "paginaFinal" => "314" ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib4" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "NL Jones" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "Clinical exercise testing" "fecha" => "1988" "editorial" => "W.B. 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| 2024 October | 30 | 14 | 44 |
| 2024 September | 26 | 18 | 44 |
| 2024 August | 42 | 30 | 72 |
| 2024 July | 25 | 23 | 48 |
| 2024 June | 43 | 19 | 62 |
| 2024 May | 29 | 28 | 57 |
| 2024 April | 13 | 18 | 31 |
| 2024 March | 20 | 20 | 40 |
| 2024 February | 19 | 14 | 33 |
| 2023 March | 3 | 4 | 7 |
| 2023 February | 13 | 13 | 26 |
| 2023 January | 21 | 29 | 50 |
| 2022 December | 24 | 32 | 56 |
| 2022 November | 20 | 26 | 46 |
| 2022 October | 27 | 35 | 62 |
| 2022 September | 18 | 26 | 44 |
| 2022 August | 16 | 36 | 52 |
| 2022 July | 17 | 42 | 59 |
| 2022 June | 16 | 31 | 47 |
| 2022 May | 16 | 33 | 49 |
| 2022 April | 20 | 27 | 47 |
| 2022 March | 16 | 36 | 52 |
| 2022 February | 14 | 33 | 47 |
| 2022 January | 14 | 34 | 48 |
| 2021 December | 17 | 54 | 71 |
| 2021 November | 14 | 45 | 59 |
| 2021 October | 18 | 46 | 64 |
| 2021 September | 16 | 45 | 61 |
| 2021 August | 14 | 35 | 49 |
| 2021 July | 12 | 24 | 36 |
| 2021 June | 10 | 37 | 47 |
| 2021 May | 20 | 35 | 55 |
| 2021 April | 30 | 48 | 78 |
| 2021 March | 19 | 18 | 37 |
| 2021 February | 10 | 20 | 30 |
| 2021 January | 7 | 21 | 28 |
| 2020 December | 10 | 21 | 31 |
| 2020 November | 17 | 12 | 29 |
| 2020 October | 14 | 10 | 24 |
| 2020 September | 8 | 13 | 21 |
| 2020 August | 10 | 9 | 19 |
| 2020 July | 12 | 17 | 29 |
| 2020 June | 14 | 10 | 24 |
| 2020 May | 19 | 20 | 39 |
| 2020 April | 14 | 11 | 25 |
| 2020 March | 15 | 14 | 29 |
| 2020 February | 18 | 13 | 31 |
| 2020 January | 15 | 10 | 25 |
| 2019 December | 10 | 14 | 24 |
| 2019 November | 13 | 9 | 22 |
| 2019 October | 5 | 9 | 14 |
| 2019 September | 3 | 7 | 10 |
| 2019 August | 10 | 3 | 13 |
| 2019 July | 8 | 12 | 20 |
| 2019 June | 6 | 10 | 16 |
| 2019 May | 11 | 18 | 29 |
| 2019 April | 14 | 24 | 38 |
| 2019 March | 14 | 22 | 36 |
| 2019 February | 13 | 15 | 28 |
| 2019 January | 5 | 9 | 14 |
| 2018 December | 10 | 19 | 29 |
| 2018 November | 20 | 9 | 29 |
| 2018 October | 15 | 15 | 30 |
| 2018 September | 10 | 9 | 19 |
| 2018 May | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 2018 April | 4 | 11 | 15 |
| 2018 March | 3 | 4 | 7 |
| 2018 February | 6 | 12 | 18 |
| 2018 January | 4 | 9 | 13 |
| 2017 December | 3 | 9 | 12 |
| 2017 November | 4 | 5 | 9 |
| 2017 October | 8 | 9 | 17 |
| 2017 September | 4 | 4 | 8 |
| 2017 August | 11 | 11 | 22 |
| 2017 July | 5 | 8 | 13 |
| 2017 June | 7 | 15 | 22 |
| 2017 May | 7 | 18 | 25 |
| 2017 April | 1 | 4 | 5 |
| 2017 March | 7 | 9 | 16 |
| 2017 February | 2 | 13 | 15 |
| 2017 January | 1 | 5 | 6 |
| 2016 December | 8 | 9 | 17 |
| 2016 November | 11 | 8 | 19 |
| 2016 October | 10 | 12 | 22 |
| 2016 September | 7 | 10 | 17 |
| 2016 August | 6 | 3 | 9 |
| 2016 July | 9 | 5 | 14 |
| 2016 March | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 December | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2015 October | 36 | 13 | 49 |
| 2015 September | 22 | 17 | 39 |
| 2015 August | 39 | 13 | 52 |
| 2015 July | 38 | 7 | 45 |
| 2015 June | 36 | 4 | 40 |
| 2015 May | 46 | 9 | 55 |
| 2015 April | 30 | 8 | 38 |
| 2015 March | 29 | 15 | 44 |
| 2015 February | 33 | 10 | 43 |
| 2015 January | 38 | 12 | 50 |
| 2014 December | 34 | 11 | 45 |
| 2014 November | 42 | 6 | 48 |
| 2014 October | 71 | 15 | 86 |
| 2014 September | 41 | 6 | 47 |
| 2014 August | 32 | 14 | 46 |
| 2014 July | 36 | 12 | 48 |
| 2014 June | 52 | 11 | 63 |
| 2014 May | 59 | 10 | 69 |
| 2014 April | 66 | 8 | 74 |
| 2014 March | 74 | 13 | 87 |
| 2014 February | 63 | 12 | 75 |
| 2014 January | 52 | 8 | 60 |
| 2013 December | 44 | 13 | 57 |
| 2013 November | 39 | 7 | 46 |
| 2013 October | 43 | 12 | 55 |
| 2013 September | 42 | 6 | 48 |
| 2013 August | 50 | 19 | 69 |
| 2013 July | 43 | 17 | 60 |
| 2013 June | 42 | 11 | 53 |
| 2013 May | 37 | 8 | 45 |
| 2013 April | 28 | 10 | 38 |
| 2013 March | 16 | 4 | 20 |
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