Letter to the Director
Reply to Figueroa-Gonçalves and de Miguel-Díez
Marc Miravitllesa,
, Konstantinos Kostikasb, Nikoletta Bizymic, Nikolaos Tzanakisc
Corresponding author
a Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
b Respiratory Medicine Department, University of Ioannina, Greece
c Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Do We Take into Account the Severity of the Exacerbation?" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "65" "paginaFinal" => "66" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1537 "Ancho" => 2508 "Tamanyo" => 184741 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Proposal for initial pharmacological treatment. Low risk: Patients who present mild or moderate airflow obstruction, low degree of dyspnea (mMRC of 0–1) and ≤<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1 exacerbation that has not required admission (all criteria must be met). High risk: Patients who present severe or very severe airflow obstruction, a high degree of dyspnea (mMRC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2) and/or at least ≥<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 moderate exacerbations in the previous year or at least 1 that required hospital admission (at least 1 criterion must be met). <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Abbreviations</span>: LAMA: long-acting muscarinic antagonist; LABA: long-acting β2-agonist; ICS: inhaled corticosteroid; Eo: eosinophils.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Juan Marco Figueira-Gonçalves, Javier de Miguel-Díez" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Juan Marco" "apellidos" => "Figueira-Gonçalves" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Javier" "apellidos" => "de Miguel-Díez" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0300289623003666?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/03002896/0000006000000001/v3_202406051404/S0300289623003666/v3_202406051404/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Letter to the Director</span>" "titulo" => "Reply to Figueroa-Gonçalves and de Miguel-Díez" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "saludo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">To the Director</span>," "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "67" "paginaFinal" => "68" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Marc Miravitlles, Konstantinos Kostikas, Nikoletta Bizymi, Nikolaos Tzanakis" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Marc" "apellidos" => "Miravitlles" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "marcm@separ.es" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Konstantinos" "apellidos" => "Kostikas" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Nikoletta" "apellidos" => "Bizymi" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Nikolaos" "apellidos" => "Tzanakis" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Respiratory Medicine Department, University of Ioannina, Greece" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We thank Figueroa-Gonçalves and de Miguel-Díez for their interest and comments about our manuscript on a new treatment algorithm for COPD.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> In our proposal, we restricted the indication of triple therapy with LAMA/LABA/ICS as initial therapy for exacerbators with >300 blood eosinophils (BEC), while they suggest that in case of severe exacerbations triple therapy should be recommended at lower levels of BEC (i.e. >100).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> They base their recommendation in the fact that severe exacerbations have a high impact on the natural history of COPD, are followed by a high frequency of readmissions, and that it is not uncommon for admitted patients with COPD to be treatment naïve.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> There is no discussion about this, but there is currently no concrete evidence that triple therapy will be more effective than dual bronchodilation at discharge in naïve patients with 100–300 eosinophils, as suggested by the authors.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To further support their recommendation, Figueroa-Gonçalves and de Miguel-Díez indicate that a post hoc analysis of the IMPACT study demonstrates that the initiation of triple therapy after a severe COPD exacerbation provides a greater benefit in terms of the development of future exacerbations than LAMA/LABA in patients with a level of BEC >100. However, it is of note that patients in IMPACT were by no means treatment naïve; on the contrary, up to 40% were already on triple therapy at screening (therefore, they do not “initiate” triple after admission) and a further 41% were on either LABA/ICS or LAMA/LABA.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Moreover, looking at the mortality results, there was no effect whatsoever of triple therapy in reduction of mortality in patients who were not previously on ICS, which are the closer to treatment naïve that we can find in IMPACT.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> For these reasons, the IMPACT study results cannot be extrapolated to treatment naïve subjects with COPD and cannot be used to justify triple therapy in previously naïve COPD patients after a severe exacerbation in all cases with BEC >100. We do not dispute the indication of triple therapy in discharged patients with BEC >300, since enough evidence exists about the great efficacy of ICS in this population, but naïve patients with BEC between 100 and 300 should try LABA/LAMA first and only escalate to triple in case of a new episode or frequent moderate exacerbations, as indicated in the GESEPOC guidelines.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Figueroa-Gonçalves y de Miguel-Díez also base their recommendation on data from the observational PRIMUS study, which observed lower mortality with the early initiation of triple after an admission compared with delayed initiation, but again patients in PRIMUS were not treatment naïve and the observational design may involve certain bias.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> There are observational studies suggesting the opposite, for example, Jo et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> observed that patients who discontinued their ICS after being discharged from an exacerbation of COPD had a significant reduction of 35% of the risk of re-hospitalisation or death compared with those who continued using their ICS. Therefore, we need to be very cautious with the recommendation to use triple therapy, even in patients after a hospital admission, because benefits do not always outweigh the risks, particularly in previously naïve patients with less than 300 BEC.</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflict of Interests</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Marc Miravitlles has received speaker fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Cipla, GlaxoSmithKline, Menarini, Kamada, Takeda, Zambon, CSL Behring, Specialty Therapeutics, Janssen, Grifols and Novartis, consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Atriva Therapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim, BEAM Therapeutics, Chiesi, GlaxoSmithKline, CSL Behring, Inhibrx, Menarini, Mereo Biopharma, Spin Therapeutics, Specialty Therapeutics, ONO Pharma, Palobiofarma SL, Takeda, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Zambon, Zentiva and Grifols and research grants from Grifols.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Konstantinos Kostikas has received honoraria for presentations and/or consultancy fees from Alector Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, CSL Behring, Chiesi, ELPEN, GILEAD, GSK, Menarini, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, Specialty Therapeutics, WebMD; his department has received funding and/or grants from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Innovis, ELPEN, GSK, Menarini, Novartis and NuvoAir; he is a member of the GOLD Assembly.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nikoletta Bizymi has no conflicts of interest related to this paper.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nikolaos Tzanakis has received speaker and/or consultancy fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, CSL Behring, Chiesi, ELPEN, GILEAD, GSK, Innovis, Menarini, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, Specialty Therapeutics, Help and has received research grants from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Innovis, GSK, Menarini, and Novartis.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Conflict of Interests" ] 1 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A novel figure and algorithm for the gold ABE classification" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M. 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