Factors Associated With Large Airway Collapse in Severe Asthma

array:23 ["pii" => "S0300289623001643" "issn" => "03002896" "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2023.05.006" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2023-09-01" "aid" => "3320" "copyright" => "The Author(s)" "copyrightAnyo" => "2023" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "crp" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2023;59:605-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S0300289623001734" "issn" => "03002896" "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2023.05.015" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2023-09-01" "aid" => "3329" "copyright" => "SEPAR" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "crp" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2023;59:608-11" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:9 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Scientific Letter" "titulo" => "The New ERS/ATS 2022 Bronchodilator Response Recommendation: Comparison With the Previous Version in an Asthma Cohort" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "608" "paginaFinal" => "611" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Diana Betancor, Carlos Villalobos-Vilda, José María Olaguibel, José Manuel Rodrigo-Muñoz, María Jose Alvarez Puebla, Ebymar Arismendi, Pilar Barranco, Blanca Barroso, Irina Bobolea, Blanca Cárdaba, María Jesús Cruz, Elena Curto, Victoria Del Pozo, Javier Domínguez-Ortega, Francisco-Javier González-Barcala, Juan Alberto Luna-Porta, Carlos Martínez-Rivera, Joaquim Mullol, Xavier Muñoz, Cesar Picado, Vicente Plaza, Santiago Quirce, Manuel Jorge Rial, Lorena Soto-Retes, Antonio Valero, Marcela Valverde-Monge, Joaquín Sastre" "autores" => array:27 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Diana" "apellidos" => "Betancor" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Carlos" "apellidos" => "Villalobos-Vilda" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "José María" "apellidos" => "Olaguibel" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "José Manuel" "apellidos" => "Rodrigo-Muñoz" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "María Jose Alvarez" "apellidos" => "Puebla" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ebymar" "apellidos" => "Arismendi" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Pilar" "apellidos" => "Barranco" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Blanca" "apellidos" => "Barroso" ] 8 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Irina" "apellidos" => "Bobolea" ] 9 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Blanca" "apellidos" => "Cárdaba" ] 10 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "María Jesús" "apellidos" => "Cruz" ] 11 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Elena" "apellidos" => "Curto" ] 12 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Victoria Del" "apellidos" => "Pozo" ] 13 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Javier" "apellidos" => "Domínguez-Ortega" ] 14 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Francisco-Javier" "apellidos" => "González-Barcala" ] 15 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Juan Alberto" "apellidos" => "Luna-Porta" ] 16 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Carlos" "apellidos" => "Martínez-Rivera" ] 17 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Joaquim" "apellidos" => "Mullol" ] 18 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Xavier" "apellidos" => "Muñoz" ] 19 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Cesar" "apellidos" => "Picado" ] 20 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Vicente" "apellidos" => "Plaza" ] 21 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Santiago" "apellidos" => "Quirce" ] 22 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Manuel Jorge" "apellidos" => "Rial" ] 23 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Lorena" "apellidos" => "Soto-Retes" ] 24 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Antonio" "apellidos" => "Valero" ] 25 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Marcela" "apellidos" => "Valverde-Monge" ] 26 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Joaquín" "apellidos" => "Sastre" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0300289623001734?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/03002896/0000005900000009/v2_202311210635/S0300289623001734/v2_202311210635/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S0300289623001308" "issn" => "03002896" "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2023.03.025" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2023-09-01" "aid" => "3308" "copyright" => "SEPAR" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "crp" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2023;59:603-4" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Scientific Letter" "titulo" => "Mesothelioma: An Ongoing Problem" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "603" "paginaFinal" => "604" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1524 "Ancho" => 1723 "Tamanyo" => 125742 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Number of new cases of pleural mesothelioma in the region of Vallès Occidental Est, by 5-yearly diagnostic periods, total and main exposure to asbestos." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Josep Tarrés, Carmen Diego, Constança Albertí-Casas" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Josep" "apellidos" => "Tarrés" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Carmen" "apellidos" => "Diego" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Constança" "apellidos" => "Albertí-Casas" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0300289623001308?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/03002896/0000005900000009/v2_202311210635/S0300289623001308/v2_202311210635/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Scientific Letter" "titulo" => "Factors Associated With Large Airway Collapse in Severe Asthma" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "saludo" => "To the Director," "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "605" "paginaFinal" => "607" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Carlos Martinez Rivera, Pere Serra Mitjà, Felipe Andreo García, Astrid Crespo-Lessmann, Alan Jhunior Solis Solis, Alfons Torrego, Ignasi Garcia-Olive, David Ramos-Barbón, Toni Zapata Comas, Vicente Plaza, Jorge Abad, Antoni Rosell" "autores" => array:12 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Carlos" "apellidos" => "Martinez Rivera" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "carlosmartinezrivera.cmr@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Pere" "apellidos" => "Serra Mitjà" "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Felipe" "apellidos" => "Andreo García" "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Astrid" "apellidos" => "Crespo-Lessmann" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Alan Jhunior" "apellidos" => "Solis Solis" "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Alfons" "apellidos" => "Torrego" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Ignasi" "apellidos" => "Garcia-Olive" "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "David" "apellidos" => "Ramos-Barbón" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Toni" "apellidos" => "Zapata Comas" "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Vicente" "apellidos" => "Plaza" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Jorge" "apellidos" => "Abad" "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Antoni" "apellidos" => "Rosell" "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Barcelona Respiratory Network (BRN), Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología y Alergia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "Large airway collapse (LAC) is mainly caused by tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) and excessive dynamic airway collapse (EDAC).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">1</a> It is defined by a decrease of at least 50% in the cross-sectional area of the tracheobronchial lumen.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105">1,2</a> TBM is characterised by a weakness of the tracheobronchial cartilaginous wall, while EDAC is defined by the presence of excessive bulging of the posterior membrane into the airway lumen,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115">3–5</a> without anomalies in the cartilaginous structures.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115">3</a> LAC is an underdiagnosed condition, especially EDAC, with nonspecific symptoms that can mimic other respiratory diseases, such as asthma. Symptoms are shortness of breath, cough, stridor, respiratory infections and difficulty in expectorating.Severe asthma accounts for 5% of patients with asthma.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130">6</a> While TBM is a condition related with severe asthma, the association between asthma and EDAC has not been described.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135">7,8</a> Our objective was to study the prevalence of LAC and EDAC in patients with severe asthma, and to analyse the associated factors.This was an observational prospective multicentric study conducted in the Respiratory Departments of Hospital Sant Pau (Barcelona) and Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (Badalona) between years 2017 and 2019. Twenty patients with severe asthma consecutively selected in Asthma Units, over 18 years old without exacerbations for at least the previous four weeks were included. Patients with other respiratory conditions, with mild-to-moderate asthma, previously diagnosed tracheal conditions or with previous tracheostomy were excluded.Demographic, anthropometric and clinical data were collected. Clinical data included questionnaires about symptoms (Asthma Control Test) and quality of life (Sydney Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire), asthma treatment, exacerbations during the previous year, pulmonary function and laboratory determinations. A flexible bronchoscopy (FBC) was performed under mild sedation, using a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in medium lobe or lingula bronchi for microbiological cultures and cell count. Bronchoscopy images were videorecorded in order to calculate de degree of the collapse. LAC was diagnosed when a difference of at least 50% in the cross-sectional area of the lumen between inspiration and expiration at tidal volume was seen in one or more of the following locations: trachea, right main bronchus or left main bronchus. Study protocol was approved by Ethics Committee at our institution (PI-16-174), and all subjects gave their informed consent. Quantitative variables were described using median (interquartile range), and qualitative variables were described using absolute and relative frequencies. Comparisons were conducted using Mann–Whitney U in the case of quantitative variables, and Fisher's exact test for qualitative variables. Those variables with p<0.05 were included in a univariate analysis using logistic regression. Calculations were performed using SPSS v22 (Chicago, IL, USA).Seven of our 20 severe asthmatic patients (35%) had LAC, 6 of them (30%) EDAC and one patient TBM (5%). Main bronchi was the most frequent location (5/7). Patients with LAC were older (70 years vs 49 years, p=0.046) and had lower pulmonary function (FEV1%; 51 vs 66, p=0.03), with neutrophilia in bronchoalveolar fluid (30.5% vs 3%; p=0.03) and were more likely to be colonised by potentially pathogen microorganisms (PPM) (66.7% vs 8.3%, p=0.009) especially Haemophilus spp. (50% vs 8.3%, p=0.04). These patients had more symptoms and had a higher body mass index (BMI), without statistical significance. No differences in other variables were found (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0005">Tables 1 and 2</a>). In the univariate logistic analysis, only colonisation with PPM was associated with an increased risk for LAC (OR 22 (1.54–314); p=0.023).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>In our study, prevalence of LAC was 35% in patients with severe asthma, mainly EDAC. These patients were older, with worse pulmonary function, more respiratory symptoms, more neutrophil count in bronchoalveolar fluid, and with higher prevalence of colonisation by PPM.Prevalence of LAC is lower than in the only previous study performed exclusively in asthmatic patients. Dal Negro and cols evaluated 202 asthmatic patients and found an increase in the prevalence related to asthma severity. Prevalence of EDAC and TBM measured endoscopically was 69.2% and 18.4%, respectively.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">9</a> This difference in prevalence between the two studies could be related to the differences in gender, mean pulmonary function differences (68.5% females and FEV1% 48.5 in Dal Negro’ study) and the smaller sample size of our study. Recently, Cosío et al., in 100 uncontrolled severe asthmatics found lower prevalence of LAC than ours; 3%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150">10</a> However, the studies are not comparable as the objectives were clearly different. Other studies focusing on COPD patients have described prevalence of LAC between 9 and 70%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">1</a> The use of different techniques to define LAC (FBC, CT scan or magnetic resonance) could be the reason of such variability, as well as the difference in the degree of collapse used to define LAC, or the respiratory manoeuvre required to the patient. We believe that the FBC is the best method to evaluate LAC in severe asthma, since it adds information on the characteristics of the airway, cellularity, inflammation or microbiological data.Our patients with LAC had a higher BMI. The increase on collapsibility in obese patients could be explained by increased intrathoracic pressure that facilitates collapse of the airways at the end of expiration, especially when airway walls are damaged.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">11</a> Boiselle et al. described that COPD patients with BMI over 35 had a mean tracheal collapse of 69%, while in those with BMI below 35 mean tracheal collapse was only 5%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">12</a>In our study patients with LAC had poorer pulmonary function, which is not in line with previous studies in patients with COPD,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165">13–15</a> where no relation was found between LAC and FEV1.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175">15</a> On the other hand, Fischer et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">16</a> described that FEV1 was 18% lower in children with cystic fibrosis when TBM was present. In the same study, the authors found an increase in the prevalence of infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with TBM.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">16</a> In our study we observed an increase in the colonisation by PPM, especially Haemophilus influenza; to our knowledge is the first paper that it has been described in patients with LAC and severe asthma.The damage to the bronchial wall associated with LAC in asthmatic patients remains unclear but could be explained by different mechanisms, such as asthmatics are more prone to infections,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185">17</a> their high levels of elastase derived from neutrophilic inflammation,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">18</a> the use of high dose of inhaled corticosteroids<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">19</a> or the high intrathoracic pressure due to chronic cough.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175">15,20</a> On the other hand, an increase in PPM colonisation and infection<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">16</a> could be the result of the impaired drainage of mucus due to bronchial collapse. Our data showing bacterial colonisation and neutrophilia in these patients would support part of mechanisms discussed.The article suffers from some limitations such as the sample size or not collecting follow-up data, which we believe are counteracted by the originality of the findings.LAC, especially EDAC, is highly prevalent in patients with severe asthma, and it is associated with increased symptoms, worse pulmonary function and a higher risk of colonisation by PPM. Thus, it is a comorbidity which should be considered in patients with poor clinical control. Increased colonisation by PPM has not been previously described in patients with LAC and asthma. Whether this colonisation is a risk factor for LAC, or its consequence, is still to be elucidated. Studies with larger samples and a follow-up must be carried out.FundingFunded by a grant from Fundació Catalana de Pneumologia (FUCAP), 2018.Conflict of InterestsThe authors state that they have no conflict of interests." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Conflict of Interests" ] 2 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "LAC: large airway collapse; BMI: body mass index; ACT: Asthma Control Test; AQLQ: Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire; med: median; IQR: interquartile range." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">LAC (7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No LAC (13) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age (years), med (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">70 (58–74) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">49 (37.5–69) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.046 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">BMI, med (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30.3 (27–31) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">27.1 (23–31) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.183 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Obesity (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">57 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.128 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Smoking (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">28.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.482 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Prick test+(%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">57 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">77 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.357 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">IgE kU/l, med (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">129 (62–747) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">185 (59–463) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Budesonide mcg, med (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1600 (800–1600) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1600 (1140–1600) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.817 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Use of oral maintenance corticosteroids (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.639 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Exacerbations, med (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (2–4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (1.5–4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.536 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">ACT med (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15 (13–18) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17 (12–23) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.393 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">FEV1%, med (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">51 (46–70) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">66 (58–93) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.030 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age of onset, med (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">40 (6–50) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">27 (2.5–51) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.438 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Years since asthma diagnostic med (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">24 (20–52) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16 (8–39) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.536 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">AQLQ, med (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.2 (1.2–6.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (1.7–6.63) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Women (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">71 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">69 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.919 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3351618.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Demographic, Anthropometric and Clinical Characteristics." ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "LAC: large airways collapse; med: median; IQR: interquartile range; PPM: potentially pathogenic microorganisms." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">LAC (7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No LAC (13) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Col Pseudomona (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.467 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Col Staphylococcus aureus (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.146 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Col Pneumococ (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.146 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Col Haemophilus (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.045 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Col PPM (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">66.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.009 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">BAL neutrophils % med (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30.5 (8.5–49.5)) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (2–4.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.036 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">BAL eosinophils % med (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.5 (0–14) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 (0–2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.733 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Eosinophils serum cel/mm3, med (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">100 (100–300) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">200 (100–400) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.351 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Eosinophils serum % med (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.2 (1.7–4.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.6 (1.1–5.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.536 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3351617.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Microbiological and Inflammatory Characteristics." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:20 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Detection and diagnosis of large airway collapse: a systematic review" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A. Mitropoulos" 1 => "W.J. Song" 2 => "F. Almaghlouth" 3 => "S. Kemp" 4 => "M. Polkey" 5 => "J.H. Hull" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1183/23120541.00055-2021" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "ERJ Open Res" "fecha" => "2021" "volumen" => "7" "paginaInicial" => "00055" "paginaFinal" => "2021" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0110" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Tracheobronchomalacia and excessive dynamic airway collapse" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "S.D. Murgu" 1 => "H.G. Colt" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1440-1843.2006.00862.x" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Respirology" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "11" "paginaInicial" => "388" "paginaFinal" => "406" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Dynamic airway collapse: distinct from tracheomalacia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J.G. Park" 1 => "E.S. Edell" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Bronchol Intervent Pulmonol" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "12" "paginaInicial" => "143" "paginaFinal" => "146" ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0120" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Tracheal dynamics in infants with respiratory distress, stridor, and collapsing trachea" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M.H. Wittenborg" 1 => "M.T. Gyepes" 2 => "D. Crocker" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1148/88.4.653" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Radiology" "fecha" => "1967" "volumen" => "88" "paginaInicial" => "653" "paginaFinal" => "662" ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0125" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Acquired tracheomalacia: etiology and differential diagnosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J.H. Feist" 1 => "T.H. Johnson" 2 => "R.J. Wilson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1378/chest.68.3.340" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "1975" "volumen" => "68" "paginaInicial" => "340" "paginaFinal" => "345" ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0130" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prevalence of uncontrolled severe persistent asthma in pneumology and allergy hospital units in Spain" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "S. Quirce" 1 => "V. Plaza" 2 => "C. Picado" 3 => "M. Vennera" 4 => "J. Casafont" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "21" "paginaInicial" => "466" "paginaFinal" => "471" ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0135" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "Global Initiative for Asthma Scientific Committee" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:2 [ "tituloSerie" => "Global strategy for asthma management and prevention" "fecha" => "2022" ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0140" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "GEMA 5.2. Guía Española para el Manejo del Asma. Available from: <a target="_blank" href="http://www.gemasma.com/">www.gemasma.com</a>." ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0145" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prevalence of teacheobronchomalacia and excessive dynamic airway collapse in bronchial asthma of different severity" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "R.W. Dal Negro" 1 => "S. Tognella" 2 => "M. Guerriero" 3 => "C. Richeletto" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Multidiscip Respir Med" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "8" "paginaInicial" => "32" ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0150" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Redefining the role of bronchoscopy in the workup of severe uncontrolled asthma in the era of biologics: a prospective study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "B.G. Cosío" 1 => "H. Shafiek" 2 => "M. Mosteiro" 3 => "A. Iglesias" 4 => "C. Gómez" 5 => "N. Toledo-Pons" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.chest.2023.03.012" "Revista" => array:2 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "2023" ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0155" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Respiratory restriction and elevated pleural and esophageal pressures in morbid obesity" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "N. Behazin" 1 => "S.B. Jones" 2 => "R.I. Cohen" 3 => "S.H. Loring" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Appl Physiol" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "108" "paginaInicial" => "212" "paginaFinal" => "218" ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0160" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Dynamic expiratory tracheal collapse in morbidly obese COPD patients" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "P.M. Boiselle" 1 => "D.E. Litmanovich" 2 => "G. Michaud" 3 => "D.H. Roberts" 4 => "S.H. Loring" 5 => "H.M. Womble" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "COPD" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "10" "paginaInicial" => "604" "paginaFinal" => "610" ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0165" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Dynamic expiratory tracheal collapse in COPD" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "P.M. Boiselle" 1 => "G. Michaud" 2 => "D.H. Roberts" 3 => "S.H. Loring" 4 => "H.M. Womble" 5 => "M.E. Millett" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "142" "paginaInicial" => "1539" "paginaFinal" => "1544" ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0170" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Excessive dynamic airway collapse in a small cohort of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "C. Represas-Represas" 1 => "V. Leiro-Fernández" 2 => "R. Mallo-Alonso" 3 => "M.I. Botana-Rial" 4 => "A. Tilve-Góez" 5 => "A. Fernández-Vilar" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Thorac Med" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "10" "paginaInicial" => "118" "paginaFinal" => "122" ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0175" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Central airway mechanics and flow limitation in acquired tracheobronchomalacia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "S.T.H. Loring" 1 => "C.R. O’Donnell" 2 => "D.J. Feller-Kopman" 3 => "A. Ernst" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "131" "paginaInicial" => "1118" "paginaFinal" => "1124" ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0180" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Tracheomalacia is associated with lower FEV1 and Pseudomonas acquisition in children with CF" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A.J. Fischer" 1 => "S.B. Singh" 2 => "R.J. Adam" 3 => "D.A. Stolz" 4 => "Ch.F. Baranano" 5 => "S. Kao" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Pulmonol" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "49" "paginaInicial" => "960" "paginaFinal" => "970" ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0185" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Tracheomalacia in adults with cystic fibrosis: determination of prevalence and severity with dynamic cineCT" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Mc Dermott" 1 => "S.C. Barry" 2 => "E.E. Judge" 3 => "S. Collins" 4 => "P.A. de Jong" 5 => "H.A. Tiddens" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Radiology" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "252" "paginaInicial" => "577" "paginaFinal" => "588" ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0190" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Identifying the origins of cystic fibrosis lung disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "S.D. Davis" 1 => "T. Ferkol" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "368" "paginaInicial" => "2026" "paginaFinal" => "2028" ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0195" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Association between inhaled corticosteroids and tracheobronchomalacia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "V. Shah" 1 => "B. Husta" 2 => "A. Mehta" 3 => "S. Ashok" 4 => "O. Ishikawa" 5 => "G. Stoffels" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "157" "paginaInicial" => "1426" "paginaFinal" => "1434" ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0200" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Acquired tracheomalacia: etiology and differential diagnosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J.H. Feist" 1 => "T.H. Johnson" 2 => "R.J. Wilson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "1975" "volumen" => "68" "paginaInicial" => "340" "paginaFinal" => "345" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/03002896/0000005900000009/v2_202311210635/S0300289623001643/v2_202311210635/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "93560" "tipo" => "SECCION" "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Scientific Letters" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/03002896/0000005900000009/v2_202311210635/S0300289623001643/v2_202311210635/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00003Z&text.app=https://archbronconeumol.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0300289623001643?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"]

Statistics

Scientific Letter

Factors Associated With Large Airway Collapse in Severe Asthma

Carlos Martinez Riveraa,b,c,

Corresponding author

carlosmartinezrivera.cmr@gmail.com

Corresponding author.

, Pere Serra Mitjàa,b,c, Felipe Andreo Garcíaa,b,c, Astrid Crespo-Lessmannc,d, Alan Jhunior Solis Solisa,b,c, Alfons Torregoc,d, Ignasi Garcia-Olivea,b,c, David Ramos-Barbónc,d, Toni Zapata Comasa,b,c, Vicente Plazac,d, Jorge Abada,b,c, Antoni Rosella,b,c

a Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain

b Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain

c Barcelona Respiratory Network (BRN), Spain

d Servicio de Neumología y Alergia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain

Read

3191

Times
was read the article

533

Total PDF

2658

Total HTML

Share statistics

 array:23 [
  "pii" => "S0300289623001643"
  "issn" => "03002896"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2023.05.006"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2023-09-01"
  "aid" => "3320"
  "copyright" => "The Author&#40;s&#41;"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2023"
  "documento" => "simple-article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "subdocumento" => "crp"
  "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2023;59:605-7"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:1 [
    "total" => 0
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S0300289623001734"
    "issn" => "03002896"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2023.05.015"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2023-09-01"
    "aid" => "3329"
    "copyright" => "SEPAR"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "crp"
    "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2023;59:608-11"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "en" => array:9 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Scientific Letter</span>"
      "titulo" => "The New ERS&#47;ATS 2022 Bronchodilator Response Recommendation&#58; Comparison With the Previous Version in an Asthma Cohort"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "608"
          "paginaFinal" => "611"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Diana Betancor, Carlos Villalobos-Vilda, Jos&#233; Mar&#237;a Olaguibel, Jos&#233; Manuel Rodrigo-Mu&#241;oz, Mar&#237;a Jose Alvarez Puebla, Ebymar Arismendi, Pilar Barranco, Blanca Barroso, Irina Bobolea, Blanca C&#225;rdaba, Mar&#237;a Jes&#250;s Cruz, Elena Curto, Victoria Del Pozo, Javier Dom&#237;nguez-Ortega, Francisco-Javier Gonz&#225;lez-Barcala, Juan Alberto Luna-Porta, Carlos Mart&#237;nez-Rivera, Joaquim Mullol, Xavier Mu&#241;oz, Cesar Picado, Vicente Plaza, Santiago Quirce, Manuel Jorge Rial, Lorena Soto-Retes, Antonio Valero, Marcela Valverde-Monge, Joaqu&#237;n Sastre"
          "autores" => array:27 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Diana"
              "apellidos" => "Betancor"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Carlos"
              "apellidos" => "Villalobos-Vilda"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Jos&#233; Mar&#237;a"
              "apellidos" => "Olaguibel"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Jos&#233; Manuel"
              "apellidos" => "Rodrigo-Mu&#241;oz"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Mar&#237;a Jose Alvarez"
              "apellidos" => "Puebla"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Ebymar"
              "apellidos" => "Arismendi"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Pilar"
              "apellidos" => "Barranco"
            ]
            7 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Blanca"
              "apellidos" => "Barroso"
            ]
            8 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Irina"
              "apellidos" => "Bobolea"
            ]
            9 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Blanca"
              "apellidos" => "C&#225;rdaba"
            ]
            10 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Mar&#237;a Jes&#250;s"
              "apellidos" => "Cruz"
            ]
            11 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Elena"
              "apellidos" => "Curto"
            ]
            12 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Victoria Del"
              "apellidos" => "Pozo"
            ]
            13 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Javier"
              "apellidos" => "Dom&#237;nguez-Ortega"
            ]
            14 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Francisco-Javier"
              "apellidos" => "Gonz&#225;lez-Barcala"
            ]
            15 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Juan Alberto"
              "apellidos" => "Luna-Porta"
            ]
            16 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Carlos"
              "apellidos" => "Mart&#237;nez-Rivera"
            ]
            17 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Joaquim"
              "apellidos" => "Mullol"
            ]
            18 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Xavier"
              "apellidos" => "Mu&#241;oz"
            ]
            19 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Cesar"
              "apellidos" => "Picado"
            ]
            20 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Vicente"
              "apellidos" => "Plaza"
            ]
            21 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Santiago"
              "apellidos" => "Quirce"
            ]
            22 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Manuel Jorge"
              "apellidos" => "Rial"
            ]
            23 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Lorena"
              "apellidos" => "Soto-Retes"
            ]
            24 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Antonio"
              "apellidos" => "Valero"
            ]
            25 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Marcela"
              "apellidos" => "Valverde-Monge"
            ]
            26 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Joaqu&#237;n"
              "apellidos" => "Sastre"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0300289623001734?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"
    "url" => "/03002896/0000005900000009/v2_202311210635/S0300289623001734/v2_202311210635/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S0300289623001308"
    "issn" => "03002896"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2023.03.025"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2023-09-01"
    "aid" => "3308"
    "copyright" => "SEPAR"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "crp"
    "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2023;59:603-4"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "en" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Scientific Letter</span>"
      "titulo" => "Mesothelioma&#58; An Ongoing Problem"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "603"
          "paginaFinal" => "604"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0005"
          "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1524
              "Ancho" => 1723
              "Tamanyo" => 125742
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Number of new cases of pleural mesothelioma in the region of Vall&#232;s Occidental Est&#44; by 5-yearly diagnostic periods&#44; total and main exposure to asbestos&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Josep Tarr&#233;s, Carmen Diego, Constan&#231;a Albert&#237;-Casas"
          "autores" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Josep"
              "apellidos" => "Tarr&#233;s"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Carmen"
              "apellidos" => "Diego"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Constan&#231;a"
              "apellidos" => "Albert&#237;-Casas"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0300289623001308?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"
    "url" => "/03002896/0000005900000009/v2_202311210635/S0300289623001308/v2_202311210635/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:13 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Scientific Letter</span>"
    "titulo" => "Factors Associated With Large Airway Collapse in Severe Asthma"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "saludo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">To the Director</span>&#44;"
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "605"
        "paginaFinal" => "607"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Carlos Martinez Rivera, Pere Serra Mitj&#224;, Felipe Andreo Garc&#237;a, Astrid Crespo-Lessmann, Alan Jhunior Solis Solis, Alfons Torrego, Ignasi Garcia-Olive, David Ramos-Barb&#243;n, Toni Zapata Comas, Vicente Plaza, Jorge Abad, Antoni Rosell"
        "autores" => array:12 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Carlos"
            "apellidos" => "Martinez Rivera"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "carlosmartinezrivera.cmr@gmail.com"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:4 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Pere"
            "apellidos" => "Serra Mitj&#224;"
            "referencia" => array:3 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Felipe"
            "apellidos" => "Andreo Garc&#237;a"
            "referencia" => array:3 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Astrid"
            "apellidos" => "Crespo-Lessmann"
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0020"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Alan Jhunior"
            "apellidos" => "Solis Solis"
            "referencia" => array:3 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          5 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Alfons"
            "apellidos" => "Torrego"
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0020"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          6 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Ignasi"
            "apellidos" => "Garcia-Olive"
            "referencia" => array:3 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          7 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "David"
            "apellidos" => "Ramos-Barb&#243;n"
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0020"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          8 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Toni"
            "apellidos" => "Zapata Comas"
            "referencia" => array:3 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          9 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Vicente"
            "apellidos" => "Plaza"
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0020"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          10 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Jorge"
            "apellidos" => "Abad"
            "referencia" => array:3 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          11 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Antoni"
            "apellidos" => "Rosell"
            "referencia" => array:3 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumolog&#237;a&#44; Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol&#44; Institut d&#8217;Investigaci&#243; Germans Trias i Pujol&#44; Badalona&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Universitat Aut&#242;noma de Barcelona&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Barcelona Respiratory Network &#40;BRN&#41;&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "c"
            "identificador" => "aff0015"
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumolog&#237;a y Alergia&#44; Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau&#44; Instituto de Investigaci&#243;n Biom&#233;dica Sant Pau &#40;IIB Sant Pau&#41;&#44; Universidad Aut&#243;noma de Barcelona&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "d"
            "identificador" => "aff0020"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Large airway collapse &#40;LAC&#41; is mainly caused by tracheobronchomalacia &#40;TBM&#41; and excessive dynamic airway collapse &#40;EDAC&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> It is defined by a decrease of at least 50&#37; in the cross-sectional area of the tracheobronchial lumen&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> TBM is characterised by a weakness of the tracheobronchial cartilaginous wall&#44; while EDAC is defined by the presence of excessive bulging of the posterior membrane into the airway lumen&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;5</span></a> without anomalies in the cartilaginous structures&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> LAC is an underdiagnosed condition&#44; especially EDAC&#44; with nonspecific symptoms that can mimic other respiratory diseases&#44; such as asthma&#46; Symptoms are shortness of breath&#44; cough&#44; stridor&#44; respiratory infections and difficulty in expectorating&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Severe asthma accounts for 5&#37; of patients with asthma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> While TBM is a condition related with severe asthma&#44; the association between asthma and EDAC has not been described&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8</span></a> Our objective was to study the prevalence of LAC and EDAC in patients with severe asthma&#44; and to analyse the associated factors&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This was an observational prospective multicentric study conducted in the Respiratory Departments of Hospital Sant Pau &#40;Barcelona&#41; and Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol &#40;Badalona&#41; between years 2017 and 2019&#46; Twenty patients with severe asthma consecutively selected in Asthma Units&#44; over 18 years old without exacerbations for at least the previous four weeks were included&#46; Patients with other respiratory conditions&#44; with mild-to-moderate asthma&#44; previously diagnosed tracheal conditions or with previous tracheostomy were excluded&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Demographic&#44; anthropometric and clinical data were collected&#46; Clinical data included questionnaires about symptoms &#40;Asthma Control Test&#41; and quality of life &#40;Sydney Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire&#41;&#44; asthma treatment&#44; exacerbations during the previous year&#44; pulmonary function and laboratory determinations&#46; A flexible bronchoscopy &#40;FBC&#41; was performed under mild sedation&#44; using a bronchoalveolar lavage &#40;BAL&#41; in medium lobe or lingula bronchi for microbiological cultures and cell count&#46; Bronchoscopy images were videorecorded in order to calculate de degree of the collapse&#46; LAC was diagnosed when a difference of at least 50&#37; in the cross-sectional area of the lumen between inspiration and expiration at tidal volume was seen in one or more of the following locations&#58; trachea&#44; right main bronchus or left main bronchus&#46; Study protocol was approved by Ethics Committee at our institution &#40;PI-16-174&#41;&#44; and all subjects gave their informed consent&#46; Quantitative variables were described using median &#40;interquartile range&#41;&#44; and qualitative variables were described using absolute and relative frequencies&#46; Comparisons were conducted using Mann&#8211;Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> in the case of quantitative variables&#44; and Fisher&#39;s exact test for qualitative variables&#46; Those variables with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05 were included in a univariate analysis using logistic regression&#46; Calculations were performed using SPSS v22 &#40;Chicago&#44; IL&#44; USA&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Seven of our 20 severe asthmatic patients &#40;35&#37;&#41; had LAC&#44; 6 of them &#40;30&#37;&#41; EDAC and one patient TBM &#40;5&#37;&#41;&#46; Main bronchi was the most frequent location &#40;5&#47;7&#41;&#46; Patients with LAC were older &#40;70 years vs 49 years&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;046&#41; and had lower pulmonary function &#40;FEV1&#37;&#59; 51 vs 66&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;03&#41;&#44; with neutrophilia in bronchoalveolar fluid &#40;30&#46;5&#37; vs 3&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;03&#41; and were more likely to be colonised by potentially pathogen microorganisms &#40;PPM&#41; &#40;66&#46;7&#37; vs 8&#46;3&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;009&#41; especially <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Haemophilus</span> spp&#46; &#40;50&#37; vs 8&#46;3&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;04&#41;&#46; These patients had more symptoms and had a higher body mass index &#40;BMI&#41;&#44; without statistical significance&#46; No differences in other variables were found &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0005">Tables 1 and 2</a>&#41;&#46; In the univariate logistic analysis&#44; only colonisation with PPM was associated with an increased risk for LAC &#40;OR 22 &#40;1&#46;54&#8211;314&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;023&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our study&#44; prevalence of LAC was 35&#37; in patients with severe asthma&#44; mainly EDAC&#46; These patients were older&#44; with worse pulmonary function&#44; more respiratory symptoms&#44; more neutrophil count in bronchoalveolar fluid&#44; and with higher prevalence of colonisation by PPM&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Prevalence of LAC is lower than in the only previous study performed exclusively in asthmatic patients&#46; Dal Negro and cols evaluated 202 asthmatic patients and found an increase in the prevalence related to asthma severity&#46; Prevalence of EDAC and TBM measured endoscopically was 69&#46;2&#37; and 18&#46;4&#37;&#44; respectively&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> This difference in prevalence between the two studies could be related to the differences in gender&#44; mean pulmonary function differences &#40;68&#46;5&#37; females and FEV1&#37; 48&#46;5 in Dal Negro&#8217; study&#41; and the smaller sample size of our study&#46; Recently&#44; Cos&#237;o et al&#46;&#44; in 100 uncontrolled severe asthmatics found lower prevalence of LAC than ours&#59; 3&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> However&#44; the studies are not comparable as the objectives were clearly different&#46; Other studies focusing on COPD patients have described prevalence of LAC between 9 and 70&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The use of different techniques to define LAC &#40;FBC&#44; CT scan or magnetic resonance&#41; could be the reason of such variability&#44; as well as the difference in the degree of collapse used to define LAC&#44; or the respiratory manoeuvre required to the patient&#46; We believe that the FBC is the best method to evaluate LAC in severe asthma&#44; since it adds information on the characteristics of the airway&#44; cellularity&#44; inflammation or microbiological data&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our patients with LAC had a higher BMI&#46; The increase on collapsibility in obese patients could be explained by increased intrathoracic pressure that facilitates collapse of the airways at the end of expiration&#44; especially when airway walls are damaged&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Boiselle et al&#46; described that COPD patients with BMI over 35 had a mean tracheal collapse of 69&#37;&#44; while in those with BMI below 35 mean tracheal collapse was only 5&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our study patients with LAC had poorer pulmonary function&#44; which is not in line with previous studies in patients with COPD&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#8211;15</span></a> where no relation was found between LAC and FEV1&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> On the other hand&#44; Fischer et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> described that FEV1 was 18&#37; lower in children with cystic fibrosis when TBM was present&#46; In the same study&#44; the authors found an increase in the prevalence of infection by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span> in patients with TBM&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> In our study we observed an increase in the colonisation by PPM&#44; especially <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Haemophilus influenza</span>&#59; to our knowledge is the first paper that it has been described in patients with LAC and severe asthma&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The damage to the bronchial wall associated with LAC in asthmatic patients remains unclear but could be explained by different mechanisms&#44; such as asthmatics are more prone to infections&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> their high levels of elastase derived from neutrophilic inflammation&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> the use of high dose of inhaled corticosteroids<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> or the high intrathoracic pressure due to chronic cough&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;20</span></a> On the other hand&#44; an increase in PPM colonisation and infection<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> could be the result of the impaired drainage of mucus due to bronchial collapse&#46; Our data showing bacterial colonisation and neutrophilia in these patients would support part of mechanisms discussed&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The article suffers from some limitations such as the sample size or not collecting follow-up data&#44; which we believe are counteracted by the originality of the findings&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">LAC&#44; especially EDAC&#44; is highly prevalent in patients with severe asthma&#44; and it is associated with increased symptoms&#44; worse pulmonary function and a higher risk of colonisation by PPM&#46; Thus&#44; it is a comorbidity which should be considered in patients with poor clinical control&#46; Increased colonisation by PPM has not been previously described in patients with LAC and asthma&#46; Whether this colonisation is a risk factor for LAC&#44; or its consequence&#44; is still to be elucidated&#46; Studies with larger samples and a follow-up must be carried out&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Funding</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Funded by a grant from Fundaci&#243; Catalana de Pneumologia &#40;FUCAP&#41;&#44; 2018&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Conflict of Interests</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors state that they have no conflict of interests&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:3 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Funding"
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Conflict of Interests"
        ]
        2 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "multimedia" => array:2 [
      0 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">LAC&#58; large airway collapse&#59; BMI&#58; body mass index&#59; ACT&#58; Asthma Control Test&#59; AQLQ&#58; Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire&#59; med&#58; median&#59; IQR&#58; interquartile range&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">LAC &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No LAC &#40;13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Age &#40;years&#41;&#44; med &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">70 &#40;58&#8211;74&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49 &#40;37&#46;5&#8211;69&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;046&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BMI&#44; med &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30&#46;3 &#40;27&#8211;31&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27&#46;1 &#40;23&#8211;31&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;183&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Obesity &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;128&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Smoking &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;482&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Prick test<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;357&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">IgE kU&#47;l&#44; med &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">129 &#40;62&#8211;747&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">185 &#40;59&#8211;463&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Budesonide mcg&#44; med &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1600 &#40;800&#8211;1600&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1600 &#40;1140&#8211;1600&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;817&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Use of oral maintenance corticosteroids &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;639&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Exacerbations&#44; med &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;2&#8211;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;1&#46;5&#8211;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;536&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ACT med &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;13&#8211;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17 &#40;12&#8211;23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;393&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">FEV1&#37;&#44; med &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51 &#40;46&#8211;70&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">66 &#40;58&#8211;93&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;030&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Age of onset&#44; med &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40 &#40;6&#8211;50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27 &#40;2&#46;5&#8211;51&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;438&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Years since asthma diagnostic med &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24 &#40;20&#8211;52&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;8&#8211;39&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;536&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">AQLQ&#44; med &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;2 &#40;1&#46;2&#8211;6&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;1&#46;7&#8211;6&#46;63&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Women &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;919&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab3351618.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Demographic&#44; Anthropometric and Clinical Characteristics&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at2"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">LAC&#58; large airways collapse&#59; med&#58; median&#59; IQR&#58; interquartile range&#59; PPM&#58; potentially pathogenic microorganisms&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">LAC &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No LAC &#40;13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Col Pseudomona &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;467&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Col <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus aureus</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;146&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Col Pneumococ &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;146&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Col Haemophilus &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;045&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Col PPM &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">66&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;009&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BAL neutrophils &#37; med &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30&#46;5 &#40;8&#46;5&#8211;49&#46;5&#41;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;2&#8211;4&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;036&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BAL eosinophils &#37; med &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;5 &#40;0&#8211;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#8211;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;733&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Eosinophils serum cel&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#44; med &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100 &#40;100&#8211;300&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">200 &#40;100&#8211;400&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;351&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Eosinophils serum &#37; med &#40;IQR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;2 &#40;1&#46;7&#8211;4&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;6 &#40;1&#46;1&#8211;5&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;536&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab3351617.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Microbiological and Inflammatory Characteristics&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:20 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0105"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Detection and diagnosis of large airway collapse&#58; a systematic review"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Mitropoulos"
                            1 => "W&#46;J&#46; Song"
                            2 => "F&#46; Almaghlouth"
                            3 => "S&#46; Kemp"
                            4 => "M&#46; Polkey"
                            5 => "J&#46;H&#46; Hull"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1183/23120541.00055-2021"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "ERJ Open Res"
                        "fecha" => "2021"
                        "volumen" => "7"
                        "paginaInicial" => "00055"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2021"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0110"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tracheobronchomalacia and excessive dynamic airway collapse"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "S&#46;D&#46; Murgu"
                            1 => "H&#46;G&#46; Colt"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1440-1843.2006.00862.x"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Respirology"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "11"
                        "paginaInicial" => "388"
                        "paginaFinal" => "406"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0115"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Dynamic airway collapse&#58; distinct from tracheomalacia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46;G&#46; Park"
                            1 => "E&#46;S&#46; Edell"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Bronchol Intervent Pulmonol"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "paginaInicial" => "143"
                        "paginaFinal" => "146"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0120"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tracheal dynamics in infants with respiratory distress&#44; stridor&#44; and collapsing trachea"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46;H&#46; Wittenborg"
                            1 => "M&#46;T&#46; Gyepes"
                            2 => "D&#46; Crocker"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1148/88.4.653"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Radiology"
                        "fecha" => "1967"
                        "volumen" => "88"
                        "paginaInicial" => "653"
                        "paginaFinal" => "662"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0125"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Acquired tracheomalacia&#58; etiology and differential diagnosis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;H&#46; Feist"
                            1 => "T&#46;H&#46; Johnson"
                            2 => "R&#46;J&#46; Wilson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1378/chest.68.3.340"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "1975"
                        "volumen" => "68"
                        "paginaInicial" => "340"
                        "paginaFinal" => "345"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0130"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevalence of uncontrolled severe persistent asthma in pneumology and allergy hospital units in Spain"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Quirce"
                            1 => "V&#46; Plaza"
                            2 => "C&#46; Picado"
                            3 => "M&#46; Vennera"
                            4 => "J&#46; Casafont"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "21"
                        "paginaInicial" => "466"
                        "paginaFinal" => "471"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0135"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "Global Initiative for Asthma Scientific Committee"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:2 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Global strategy for asthma management and prevention"
                        "fecha" => "2022"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0140"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "GEMA 5&#46;2&#46; Gu&#237;a Espa&#241;ola para el Manejo del Asma&#46; Available from&#58; <a target="_blank" href="http://www.gemasma.com/">www&#46;gemasma&#46;com</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0145"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevalence of teacheobronchomalacia and excessive dynamic airway collapse in bronchial asthma of different severity"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "R&#46;W&#46; Dal Negro"
                            1 => "S&#46; Tognella"
                            2 => "M&#46; Guerriero"
                            3 => "C&#46; Richeletto"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Multidiscip Respir Med"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "32"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0150"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Redefining the role of bronchoscopy in the workup of severe uncontrolled asthma in the era of biologics&#58; a prospective study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "B&#46;G&#46; Cos&#237;o"
                            1 => "H&#46; Shafiek"
                            2 => "M&#46; Mosteiro"
                            3 => "A&#46; Iglesias"
                            4 => "C&#46; G&#243;mez"
                            5 => "N&#46; Toledo-Pons"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.chest.2023.03.012"
                      "Revista" => array:2 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "2023"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0155"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Respiratory restriction and elevated pleural and esophageal pressures in morbid obesity"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Behazin"
                            1 => "S&#46;B&#46; Jones"
                            2 => "R&#46;I&#46; Cohen"
                            3 => "S&#46;H&#46; Loring"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Appl Physiol"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "108"
                        "paginaInicial" => "212"
                        "paginaFinal" => "218"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Dynamic expiratory tracheal collapse in morbidly obese COPD patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "P&#46;M&#46; Boiselle"
                            1 => "D&#46;E&#46; Litmanovich"
                            2 => "G&#46; Michaud"
                            3 => "D&#46;H&#46; Roberts"
                            4 => "S&#46;H&#46; Loring"
                            5 => "H&#46;M&#46; Womble"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "COPD"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "604"
                        "paginaFinal" => "610"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0165"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Dynamic expiratory tracheal collapse in COPD"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "P&#46;M&#46; Boiselle"
                            1 => "G&#46; Michaud"
                            2 => "D&#46;H&#46; Roberts"
                            3 => "S&#46;H&#46; Loring"
                            4 => "H&#46;M&#46; Womble"
                            5 => "M&#46;E&#46; Millett"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "142"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1539"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1544"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0170"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Excessive dynamic airway collapse in a small cohort of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Represas-Represas"
                            1 => "V&#46; Leiro-Fern&#225;ndez"
                            2 => "R&#46; Mallo-Alonso"
                            3 => "M&#46;I&#46; Botana-Rial"
                            4 => "A&#46; Tilve-G&#243;ez"
                            5 => "A&#46; Fern&#225;ndez-Vilar"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Thorac Med"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "118"
                        "paginaFinal" => "122"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0175"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Central airway mechanics and flow limitation in acquired tracheobronchomalacia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "S&#46;T&#46;H&#46; Loring"
                            1 => "C&#46;R&#46; O&#8217;Donnell"
                            2 => "D&#46;J&#46; Feller-Kopman"
                            3 => "A&#46; Ernst"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "131"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1118"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1124"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0180"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tracheomalacia is associated with lower FEV1 and Pseudomonas acquisition in children with CF"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46;J&#46; Fischer"
                            1 => "S&#46;B&#46; Singh"
                            2 => "R&#46;J&#46; Adam"
                            3 => "D&#46;A&#46; Stolz"
                            4 => "Ch&#46;F&#46; Baranano"
                            5 => "S&#46; Kao"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Pulmonol"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "49"
                        "paginaInicial" => "960"
                        "paginaFinal" => "970"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0185"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tracheomalacia in adults with cystic fibrosis&#58; determination of prevalence and severity with dynamic cineCT"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Mc Dermott"
                            1 => "S&#46;C&#46; Barry"
                            2 => "E&#46;E&#46; Judge"
                            3 => "S&#46; Collins"
                            4 => "P&#46;A&#46; de Jong"
                            5 => "H&#46;A&#46; Tiddens"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Radiology"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "252"
                        "paginaInicial" => "577"
                        "paginaFinal" => "588"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0190"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Identifying the origins of cystic fibrosis lung disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "S&#46;D&#46; Davis"
                            1 => "T&#46; Ferkol"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "368"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2026"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2028"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0195"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Association between inhaled corticosteroids and tracheobronchomalacia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "V&#46; Shah"
                            1 => "B&#46; Husta"
                            2 => "A&#46; Mehta"
                            3 => "S&#46; Ashok"
                            4 => "O&#46; Ishikawa"
                            5 => "G&#46; Stoffels"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "157"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1426"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1434"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0200"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Acquired tracheomalacia&#58; etiology and differential diagnosis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;H&#46; Feist"
                            1 => "T&#46;H&#46; Johnson"
                            2 => "R&#46;J&#46; Wilson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "1975"
                        "volumen" => "68"
                        "paginaInicial" => "340"
                        "paginaFinal" => "345"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/03002896/0000005900000009/v2_202311210635/S0300289623001643/v2_202311210635/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "93560"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "es" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Scientific Letters"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/03002896/0000005900000009/v2_202311210635/S0300289623001643/v2_202311210635/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00003Z&text.app=https://archbronconeumol.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0300289623001643?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"
]

Article information

ISSN: 03002896
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.arbres.2023.05.006

The statistics are updated each day

Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 November	12	5	17
2024 October	97	26	123
2024 September	104	16	120
2024 August	152	37	189
2024 July	111	17	128
2024 June	94	18	112
2024 May	189	44	233
2024 April	75	21	96
2024 March	139	12	151
2024 February	69	31	100
2024 January	76	31	107
2023 December	102	26	128
2023 November	83	34	117
2023 October	130	36	166
2023 September	404	71	475
2023 August	647	26	673
2023 July	67	48	115
2023 June	104	28	132
2023 May	3	6	9

Show all

Indexed in:

Follow us:

Subscribe:

Statistics

Indexed in:

Follow us:

Subscribe:

Statistics

Subscribe to our newsletter