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tratados solo en atenci&#243;n primaria o pr&#225;cticamente asintom&#225;ticos durante la infecci&#243;n aguda&#44; terminaban siendo los m&#225;s enfermos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; La terminolog&#237;a ha variado sobre c&#243;mo llamar a estos pacientes &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#46; Actualmente&#44; la OMS recomienda referirse a ella como &#171;condici&#243;n post COVID-19&#187;&#44; pues este nombre no atribuye causalidad ni duraci&#243;n&#44; y ya hay c&#243;digos espec&#237;ficos ICD-10 &#40;U09&#41; e ICD-11 &#40;RA02&#41; para identificarlos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; M&#225;s all&#225; del nombre&#44; una definici&#243;n universal y consensuada con sociedades&#44; organismos y pacientes es necesaria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las estimaciones de cu&#225;ntas personas desarrollan condici&#243;n post COVID-19 var&#237;an&#46; Curiosamente&#44; parece afectar a m&#225;s adultos de mediana edad que a ancianos&#44; pero hasta el momento nadie sabe con certeza por qu&#233; ocurre ni a qui&#233;n es m&#225;s probable que afecte&#46; Y con m&#225;s de 126 millones de casos de COVID-19 en todo el mundo hasta la fecha&#44; las personas a riesgo aumentan<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46; Muchos pacientes post COVID-19&#44; individualmente o agrupados en asociaciones como SOSCOVID&#44; colectivo COVID-19 persistente Madrid y otras&#44; refieren que sus m&#233;dicos de primaria &#40;y neum&#243;logos&#41; inicialmente descartaron y desatendieron sus s&#237;ntomas&#44; lo que agrava su sufrimiento<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; Y tambi&#233;n en los ni&#241;os&#44; para desesperaci&#243;n de sus madres y padres&#46; Hospitales y cl&#237;nicas en el Reino Unido e Italia primero&#44; han organizado ya cl&#237;nicas multidisciplinares para tratar a estos pacientes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El SARS-CoV-2 no es el primer virus que causa s&#237;ntomas duraderos ni nuevos s&#237;ndromes asociados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; Brotes virales epid&#233;micos anteriores como Zika&#44; chikungunya&#44; SARS y MERS&#44; y antes la gripe de 1918 &#40;mal llamada gripe espa&#241;ola&#41; dejaron a muchas personas debilitadas durante meses&#44; a veces a&#241;os&#46; En estos pacientes&#44; el virus no est&#225; vivo ni activo ya&#44; pero estas personas sufren s&#237;ntomas persistentes&#46; Respecto a mecanismos causantes&#44; tenemos algunos posibles sospechosos&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Exceso de inflamaci&#243;n</span>&#58; Es el candidato principal&#44; pues se observan niveles altos y an&#243;malos de inflamaci&#243;n en muchos pacientes&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Respuesta autoinmune&#58;</span> En pacientes con condici&#243;n post COVID-19 se han encontrado una gran cantidad de autoanticuerpos&#46; Y ciertas enfermedades autoinmunes&#44; como el lupus y la artritis reumatoide&#44; com&#250;nmente causan fatiga y problemas digestivos&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Problemas del sistema nervioso&#58;</span> La disautonom&#237;a&#44; que se refiere a una desregulaci&#243;n del sistema nervioso aut&#243;nomo&#44; afecta el flujo sangu&#237;neo&#44; incluido al cerebro&#44; por lo que puede causar fatiga&#44; dolores de cabeza&#44; confusi&#243;n mental e intolerancia al ejercicio&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Co&#225;gulos de sangre y da&#241;o vascular&#58;</span> Muchos pacientes tienen niveles elevados de d&#237;mero D en la sangre&#44; y con la anti-coagulaci&#243;n profil&#225;ctica mejoran&#46; Autopsias de personas que murieron de COVID-19 encontraron co&#225;gulos generalizados&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finalmente&#44; &#191;c&#243;mo tratar a estos pacientes&#63; Muchos requieren ser atendidos por varios especialistas&#44; desde neum&#243;logos hasta cardi&#243;logos&#44; gastroenter&#243;logos&#44; y por supuesto en atenci&#243;n primaria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#8211;12</span></a>&#46; Tras resonancias&#44; tomograf&#237;as&#44; anal&#237;ticas y otras pruebas&#44; el objetivo del tratamiento ha de ser identificar problemas subyacentes&#44; controlar los s&#237;ntomas y mejorar su capacidad funcional&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La condici&#243;n post COVID-19 es un nuevo desaf&#237;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#44; por un virus tambi&#233;n nuevo&#46; Nuevos estudios pronto proporcionar&#225;n algunas respuestas&#46; Mientras tanto&#44; la mejor manera de protegerse es &#8230; no infectarse con el virus&#46; Si se contrae COVID-19&#44; aseg&#250;rese de tomarse el tiempo suficiente para recuperarse antes de volver a su actividad habitual&#46; 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                  \t\t\t\t">CDC website &#91;consultado 29 Mar 2021&#93; Disponible en&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0005" href="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-care/late-sequelae.html">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;cdc&#46;gov&#47;coronavirus&#47;2019-ncov&#47;hcp&#47;clinical-care&#47;late-sequelae&#46;html</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Long covid&#47;</span>Covid larga&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mahase E&#46; BMJ&#46; 2020 Jul 14&#59;370&#58;m2815&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Long COVID&#47;</span>COVID larga&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Perego E&#44; et al&#46; Wellcome Open Research 2020&#59;5&#58;224&#59; Editorial&#46; The Royal Society&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">LONG COVID&#47;</span>COVID LARGA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nature Editorial &#91;Let patients help define long-lasting COVID symptoms&#93; 8 October 2020&#59; Long COVID Forum 9-10 December 2020 from ISARIC&#47;GLOPIDR&#47;LONG COVID Support&#59; Lancet Editorial &#91;Facing up to long COVID&#93; 12 December 2020&#59;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Long haul COVID</span>&#47;COVID de larga duraci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nath A&#46; Long-Haul COVID&#46; Neurology&#46; 2020 Sep 29&#59;95&#40;13&#41;&#58;559-560&#46;&#59; Scientific American &#40;By Carolyn Barber on December 29&#44; 2020&#41;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Long-term COVID-19&#47;</span>COVID-19 a largo plazo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine &#40;ISSN 2077-0383&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Post-acute sequelae</span>&#47;Secuelas post-agudas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NIH-National Institutes of Health &#40;EE&#46; UU&#46;&#41; &#91;consultado 29 Mar 2021&#93; Disponible en&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0010" href="https://videocast.nih.gov/watch=38878">https&#58;&#47;&#47;videocast&#46;nih&#46;gov&#47;watch&#61;38878</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Post COVID syndrome</span>&#47;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#237;ndrome post COVID</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NHS-National Health Service &#40;UK&#41; &#91;consultado 29 Mar 2021&#93; Disponible en&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0015" href="https://www.england.nhs.uk/coronavirus/post-covid-syndrome-long-covid/">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;england&#46;nhs&#46;uk&#47;coronavirus&#47;post-covid-syndrome-long-covid&#47;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Post-acute COVID-19</span>&#47;COVID-19 post aguda&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Several papers in&#58; BMJ&#44; Eur J Phys Rehabil Med&#44; Eur J Intern Med&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection &#40;PASC&#41;</span>&#47;Secuelas post-agudas de SARS-CoV-2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Subbaraman N&#46; US health agency will invest &#36;1 billion to investigate &#8216;long COVID&#8217;Nature&#46; 2021&#59;591&#58;356&#46; DOI&#58; 10&#46;1038&#47;d41586-021-00586-y&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Repositorio de nombres sugeridos relacionados con la condici&#243;n post COVID-19</p>"
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      "titulo" => "Bibliograf&#237;a"
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                            3 => "M&#46;P&#46; Kieny"
                            4 => "S&#46;S&#46;A&#46; Karim"
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                            5 => "C&#46; Kaushic"
                            6 => "G&#46; Boily-Larouche"
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                            3 => "M&#46;V&#46; Madhavan"
                            4 => "C&#46; McGroder"
                            5 => "J&#46;S&#46; Stevens"
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                      "titulo" => "In the wake of the pandemic&#46; Preparing for Long COVID&#46; Policy Brief 39&#46; Health Systems and Policy Analysis"
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                          "etal" => true
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                            2 => "N&#46; Alwan"
                            3 => "C&#46; Steves"
                            4 => "T&#46; Greenhalgh"
                            5 => "N&#46; MacDermott"
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                      "titulo" => "Taking pandemic sequelae seriously&#58; From the Russian influenza to COVID-19 long-haulers"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
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                      "titulo" => "Pneumology in the Days of COVID-19"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46;L&#46; Izquierdo Alonso"
                            1 => "J&#46;M&#46; Rodr&#237;guez Gonz&#225;lez-Moro"
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                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2020.05.017"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "56"
                        "numero" => "Suppl 2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
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                            0 => "P&#46; Casan Clar&#224;"
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                      "titulo" => "Nefer&#44; Sinuhe and clinical research assessing post-COVID-19 syndrome"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "J&#46;B&#46; Soriano"
                            1 => "G&#46; Waterer"
                            2 => "J&#46;L&#46; Pe&#241;alvo"
                            3 => "J&#46; Rello"
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                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1183/13993003.04423-2020"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J"
                        "fecha" => "2021"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2004423"
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                      "titulo" => "COVID-19&#44; nuclear war&#44; and global warming&#58; Lessons for our vulnerable world"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46;E&#46; Muller"
                            1 => "D&#46;G&#46; Nathan"
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                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet&#46;"
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                        "volumen" => "395"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1967"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1968"
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              "etiqueta" => "14"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "CIBERESUCICOVID&#58; A strategic project for a better understanding and clinical management of COVID-19 in critical patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Torres"
                            1 => "M&#46; Arguimbau"
                            2 => "J&#46; Bermejo-Mart&#237;n"
                            3 => "R&#46; Campo"
                            4 => "A&#46; Ceccato"
                            5 => "L&#46; Fernandez-Barat"
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                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
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                        "fecha" => "2021"
                        "volumen" => "57"
                        "numero" => "Suppl 2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
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Editorial
Sobre la nueva condición post COVID-19
On the New Post COVID-19 Condition
Joan B. Sorianoa,b,c,
Corresponding author
jbsoriano2@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, Julio Ancocheaa,b
a Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
b Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, España
c COVID-19 Clinical Management Team, WHO Health Emergency Programme, World Health Organization HQ, Ginebra, Suiza
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 &#40;COVID-19&#41; est&#225; a&#250;n lejos de acabar<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; A finales de la primavera de 2020&#44; cuando se estaba empezando a controlar la primera ola de casos&#44; se observ&#243; algo inusual&#58; algunos pacientes COVID-19 todav&#237;a ten&#237;an s&#237;ntomas semanas despu&#233;s de que pasara la infecci&#243;n inicial&#46; Ten&#237;an problemas como fatiga&#44; disnea&#44; dolor tor&#225;cico&#44; palpitaciones&#44; s&#237;ntomas gastrointestinales&#44; confusi&#243;n mental&#44; ansiedad y depresi&#243;n&#44; entre m&#225;s de 150 s&#237;ntomas posibles asociados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#44; durante semanas o meses&#46; Era sorprendente&#44; porque algunos de los pacientes menos enfermos inicialmente&#44; tratados solo en atenci&#243;n primaria o pr&#225;cticamente asintom&#225;ticos durante la infecci&#243;n aguda&#44; terminaban siendo los m&#225;s enfermos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; La terminolog&#237;a ha variado sobre c&#243;mo llamar a estos pacientes &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#46; Actualmente&#44; la OMS recomienda referirse a ella como &#171;condici&#243;n post COVID-19&#187;&#44; pues este nombre no atribuye causalidad ni duraci&#243;n&#44; y ya hay c&#243;digos espec&#237;ficos ICD-10 &#40;U09&#41; e ICD-11 &#40;RA02&#41; para identificarlos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; M&#225;s all&#225; del nombre&#44; una definici&#243;n universal y consensuada con sociedades&#44; organismos y pacientes es necesaria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las estimaciones de cu&#225;ntas personas desarrollan condici&#243;n post COVID-19 var&#237;an&#46; Curiosamente&#44; parece afectar a m&#225;s adultos de mediana edad que a ancianos&#44; pero hasta el momento nadie sabe con certeza por qu&#233; ocurre ni a qui&#233;n es m&#225;s probable que afecte&#46; Y con m&#225;s de 126 millones de casos de COVID-19 en todo el mundo hasta la fecha&#44; las personas a riesgo aumentan<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46; Muchos pacientes post COVID-19&#44; individualmente o agrupados en asociaciones como SOSCOVID&#44; colectivo COVID-19 persistente Madrid y otras&#44; refieren que sus m&#233;dicos de primaria &#40;y neum&#243;logos&#41; inicialmente descartaron y desatendieron sus s&#237;ntomas&#44; lo que agrava su sufrimiento<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; Y tambi&#233;n en los ni&#241;os&#44; para desesperaci&#243;n de sus madres y padres&#46; Hospitales y cl&#237;nicas en el Reino Unido e Italia primero&#44; han organizado ya cl&#237;nicas multidisciplinares para tratar a estos pacientes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El SARS-CoV-2 no es el primer virus que causa s&#237;ntomas duraderos ni nuevos s&#237;ndromes asociados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; Brotes virales epid&#233;micos anteriores como Zika&#44; chikungunya&#44; SARS y MERS&#44; y antes la gripe de 1918 &#40;mal llamada gripe espa&#241;ola&#41; dejaron a muchas personas debilitadas durante meses&#44; a veces a&#241;os&#46; En estos pacientes&#44; el virus no est&#225; vivo ni activo ya&#44; pero estas personas sufren s&#237;ntomas persistentes&#46; Respecto a mecanismos causantes&#44; tenemos algunos posibles sospechosos&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Exceso de inflamaci&#243;n</span>&#58; Es el candidato principal&#44; pues se observan niveles altos y an&#243;malos de inflamaci&#243;n en muchos pacientes&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Respuesta autoinmune&#58;</span> En pacientes con condici&#243;n post COVID-19 se han encontrado una gran cantidad de autoanticuerpos&#46; Y ciertas enfermedades autoinmunes&#44; como el lupus y la artritis reumatoide&#44; com&#250;nmente causan fatiga y problemas digestivos&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Problemas del sistema nervioso&#58;</span> La disautonom&#237;a&#44; que se refiere a una desregulaci&#243;n del sistema nervioso aut&#243;nomo&#44; afecta el flujo sangu&#237;neo&#44; incluido al cerebro&#44; por lo que puede causar fatiga&#44; dolores de cabeza&#44; confusi&#243;n mental e intolerancia al ejercicio&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Co&#225;gulos de sangre y da&#241;o vascular&#58;</span> Muchos pacientes tienen niveles elevados de d&#237;mero D en la sangre&#44; y con la anti-coagulaci&#243;n profil&#225;ctica mejoran&#46; Autopsias de personas que murieron de COVID-19 encontraron co&#225;gulos generalizados&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finalmente&#44; &#191;c&#243;mo tratar a estos pacientes&#63; Muchos requieren ser atendidos por varios especialistas&#44; desde neum&#243;logos hasta cardi&#243;logos&#44; gastroenter&#243;logos&#44; y por supuesto en atenci&#243;n primaria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#8211;12</span></a>&#46; Tras resonancias&#44; tomograf&#237;as&#44; anal&#237;ticas y otras pruebas&#44; el objetivo del tratamiento ha de ser identificar problemas subyacentes&#44; controlar los s&#237;ntomas y mejorar su capacidad funcional&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La condici&#243;n post COVID-19 es un nuevo desaf&#237;o<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#44; por un virus tambi&#233;n nuevo&#46; Nuevos estudios pronto proporcionar&#225;n algunas respuestas&#46; Mientras tanto&#44; la mejor manera de protegerse es &#8230; no infectarse con el virus&#46; Si se contrae COVID-19&#44; aseg&#250;rese de tomarse el tiempo suficiente para recuperarse antes de volver a su actividad habitual&#46; Sabemos tanto por Zika&#44; chikungunya&#44; SARS o MERS&#44; como por los pacientes con s&#237;ndrome de fatiga cr&#243;nica &#40;actualmente llamado s&#237;ndrome de intolerancia sist&#233;mica al ejercicio&#41; que&#44; si se presiona demasiado&#44; se experimenta una recidiva y la recuperaci&#243;n es m&#225;s lenta de lo esperado&#46; La buena noticia es que&#44; a partir de los 6 meses&#44; hay una mejora gradual en la mayor&#237;a de series de pacientes&#44; incluidos aquellos que estuvieron ingresados en la UCI<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#46; Parafraseando a Carmen de George Bizet &#40;1845&#41;&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#171;Prends garde de faire un faux pas&#33;&#33;</span>&#187; o &#171;&#161;Ten cuidado de dar un paso en falso &#8230;con la condici&#243;n post COVID-19&#33;&#187;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Chronic COVID Syndrome&#47;</span>S&#237;ndrome COVID cr&#243;nico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baig AM&#46; Chronic COVID syndrome&#58; Need for an appropriate medical terminology for long-COVID and COVID long-haulers&#46; J Med Virol&#46; 2021&#46; DOI&#58; 10&#46;1002&#47;jmv&#46;26624&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Late sequelae of COVID-19</span>&#47;Secuelas tard&#237;as de COVID-19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CDC website &#91;consultado 29 Mar 2021&#93; Disponible en&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0005" href="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-care/late-sequelae.html">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;cdc&#46;gov&#47;coronavirus&#47;2019-ncov&#47;hcp&#47;clinical-care&#47;late-sequelae&#46;html</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Long covid&#47;</span>Covid larga&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mahase E&#46; BMJ&#46; 2020 Jul 14&#59;370&#58;m2815&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Long COVID&#47;</span>COVID larga&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Perego E&#44; et al&#46; Wellcome Open Research 2020&#59;5&#58;224&#59; Editorial&#46; The Royal Society&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">LONG COVID&#47;</span>COVID LARGA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nature Editorial &#91;Let patients help define long-lasting COVID symptoms&#93; 8 October 2020&#59; Long COVID Forum 9-10 December 2020 from ISARIC&#47;GLOPIDR&#47;LONG COVID Support&#59; Lancet Editorial &#91;Facing up to long COVID&#93; 12 December 2020&#59;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Long haul COVID</span>&#47;COVID de larga duraci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nath A&#46; Long-Haul COVID&#46; Neurology&#46; 2020 Sep 29&#59;95&#40;13&#41;&#58;559-560&#46;&#59; Scientific American &#40;By Carolyn Barber on December 29&#44; 2020&#41;&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Long-term COVID-19&#47;</span>COVID-19 a largo plazo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine &#40;ISSN 2077-0383&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Post-acute sequelae</span>&#47;Secuelas post-agudas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NIH-National Institutes of Health &#40;EE&#46; UU&#46;&#41; &#91;consultado 29 Mar 2021&#93; Disponible en&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0010" href="https://videocast.nih.gov/watch=38878">https&#58;&#47;&#47;videocast&#46;nih&#46;gov&#47;watch&#61;38878</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Post COVID syndrome</span>&#47;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#237;ndrome post COVID</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NHS-National Health Service &#40;UK&#41; &#91;consultado 29 Mar 2021&#93; Disponible en&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0015" href="https://www.england.nhs.uk/coronavirus/post-covid-syndrome-long-covid/">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;england&#46;nhs&#46;uk&#47;coronavirus&#47;post-covid-syndrome-long-covid&#47;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Post-acute COVID-19</span>&#47;COVID-19 post aguda&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Several papers in&#58; BMJ&#44; Eur J Phys Rehabil Med&#44; Eur J Intern Med&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection &#40;PASC&#41;</span>&#47;Secuelas post-agudas de SARS-CoV-2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Subbaraman N&#46; US health agency will invest &#36;1 billion to investigate &#8216;long COVID&#8217;Nature&#46; 2021&#59;591&#58;356&#46; DOI&#58; 10&#46;1038&#47;d41586-021-00586-y&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Repositorio de nombres sugeridos relacionados con la condici&#243;n post COVID-19</p>"
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      ]
    ]
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      "titulo" => "Bibliograf&#237;a"
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                      "titulo" => "SARS-CoV-2 variants and ending the COVID-19 pandemic"
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                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Fontanet"
                            1 => "B&#46; Autran"
                            2 => "B&#46; Lina"
                            3 => "M&#46;P&#46; Kieny"
                            4 => "S&#46;S&#46;A&#46; Karim"
                            5 => "D&#46; Sridhar"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "More Than 50 Long-Term Effects of COVID-19&#58; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
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                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Lopez-Leon"
                            1 => "T&#46; Wegman-Ostrosky"
                            2 => "C&#46; Perelman"
                            3 => "R&#46; Sepulveda"
                            4 => "P&#46; Rebolledo"
                            5 => "A&#46; Cuapio"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.21203/rs.3.rs-266574/v1"
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              "identificador" => "bib0085"
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Long COVID&#58; Tackling a multifaceted condition requires a multidisciplinary approach"
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                          "colaboracion" => "ISARIC and GloPID-R Long COVID Forum Working Group"
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Norton"
                            1 => "P&#46; Olliaro"
                            2 => "L&#46; Sigfrid"
                            3 => "G&#46; Carson"
                            4 => "C&#46; Hastie"
                            5 => "C&#46; Kaushic"
                            6 => "G&#46; Boily-Larouche"
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                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
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                    0 => array:2 [
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                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Emergency use ICD codes for COVID-19 disease outbreak &#91;consultado 29 Mar 2021&#93; Disponible en&#58; https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;who&#46;int&#47;standards&#47;classifications&#47;classification-of-diseases&#47;emergency-use-icd-codes-for-covid-19-disease-outbreak"
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                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Nalbandian"
                            1 => "K&#46; Sehgal"
                            2 => "A&#46; Gupta"
                            3 => "M&#46;V&#46; Madhavan"
                            4 => "C&#46; McGroder"
                            5 => "J&#46;S&#46; Stevens"
                          ]
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                      ]
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                    0 => array:2 [
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                  "referenciaCompleta" => "WHO Coronavirus Disease &#40;COVID-19&#41; Dashboard &#91;consultado 29 Mar 2021&#93; Disponible en&#58; https&#58;&#47;&#47;covid19&#46;who&#46;int&#47;"
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              ]
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            6 => array:3 [
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                  "referenciaCompleta" => "The Lancet&#46; Facing up to long COVID&#46; Lancet&#46; 2020&#59;396&#58;1861&#46; DOI&#58; 10&#46;1016&#47;S0140-6736&#40;20&#41;32662-3&#46;"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "In the wake of the pandemic&#46; Preparing for Long COVID&#46; Policy Brief 39&#46; Health Systems and Policy Analysis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Rajan"
                            1 => "K&#46; Khunti"
                            2 => "N&#46; Alwan"
                            3 => "C&#46; Steves"
                            4 => "T&#46; Greenhalgh"
                            5 => "N&#46; MacDermott"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:2 [
                        "fecha" => "2021"
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              ]
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            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0115"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Taking pandemic sequelae seriously&#58; From the Russian influenza to COVID-19 long-haulers"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Honigsbaum"
                            1 => "L&#46; Krishnan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32134-6"
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                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "396"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1389"
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            9 => array:3 [
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              "etiqueta" => "10"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Pneumology in the Days of COVID-19"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46;L&#46; Izquierdo Alonso"
                            1 => "J&#46;M&#46; Rodr&#237;guez Gonz&#225;lez-Moro"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2020.05.017"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "56"
                        "numero" => "Suppl 2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
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                        "link" => array:1 [
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                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34629616"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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              "identificador" => "bib0125"
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                      "titulo" => "Post COVID-19 pneumology"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Casan Clar&#224;"
                            1 => "C&#46; Mart&#237;nez Gonz&#225;lez"
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                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
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                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2020.05.009"
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                        "fecha" => "2020"
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                ]
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              "identificador" => "bib0130"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Nefer&#44; Sinuhe and clinical research assessing post-COVID-19 syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "J&#46;B&#46; Soriano"
                            1 => "G&#46; Waterer"
                            2 => "J&#46;L&#46; Pe&#241;alvo"
                            3 => "J&#46; Rello"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1183/13993003.04423-2020"
                      "Revista" => array:3 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J"
                        "fecha" => "2021"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2004423"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0135"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "COVID-19&#44; nuclear war&#44; and global warming&#58; Lessons for our vulnerable world"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46;E&#46; Muller"
                            1 => "D&#46;G&#46; Nathan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "395"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1967"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1968"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0140"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
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Article information
ISSN: 03002896
Original language: Spanish
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Archivos de Bronconeumología

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