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Seg&#250;n un estudio reciente&#44; la combinaci&#243;n de HADO y telemonitorizaci&#243;n permitir&#237;a tratar en su domicilio a la mayor&#237;a de los pacientes con EPOC&#44; disminuyendo las visitas a urgencias y reduciendo en un 60&#37; el n&#250;mero de pacientes ingresados en HC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; HADO y ESD son seguras y eficaces no solo para el tratamiento de la EPOC agudizada&#44; sino tambi&#233;n para otros pacientes con sintomatolog&#237;a respiratoria&#44; como la insuficiencia card&#237;aca descompensada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#44; las infecciones respiratorias en pacientes con enfermedad neuromuscular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> o el tromboembolismo pulmonar en pacientes hemodin&#225;micamente estables<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46; Estudios realizados en diversos pa&#237;ses con sistemas sanitarios distintos y diferentes estructuras organizativas de HAD&#47;ESD coinciden en un menor coste de estas frente a la HC&#44; incluso en pacientes de mayor edad&#44; con exacerbaciones m&#225;s graves o peor estado basal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#8211;5&#44;9</span></a>&#46; El grado de satisfacci&#243;n&#44; rapidez en la recuperaci&#243;n y calidad percibidas tanto por los cuidadores como por los pacientes tratados en r&#233;gimen de HADO y ESD es elevado&#44; manifestando un elevado porcentaje que esta modalidad de ingreso ser&#237;a la preferida por ellos en futuras agudizaciones<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#8211;4&#44;10</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sin embargo&#44; a pesar de que todo parecen ventajas y que son recomendadas por las gu&#237;as cl&#237;nicas como alternativa a la HC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#8211;14</span></a>&#44; HADO&#47;ESD son infrecuentemente elegidas como modalidad de ingreso&#46; Dismore et al&#46; identifican posibles causas en un estudio reciente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#58; las razones esgrimidas por los pacientes incluyen el temor a encontrarse solos durante la noche&#44; el retraso en la atenci&#243;n m&#233;dica en comparaci&#243;n con la HC en caso de complicaciones o la percepci&#243;n de estigmatizaci&#243;n que supondr&#237;a el apoyo de servicios sociales&#59; en otros casos&#44; cuestiones de privacidad hacen que la presencia de extra&#241;os en su domicilio resulte inconveniente&#46; Algunos pacientes consideran el ingreso en HC como una oportunidad de relacionarse con otra gente o de intentar el abandono del h&#225;bito tab&#225;quico&#46; Por otro lado&#44; parece que los facultativos seguimos percibiendo la HC como m&#225;s segura para el paciente&#44; as&#237; como la oportunidad de proporcionar un descanso a los cuidadores en caso de claudicaci&#243;n familiar&#46; La elaboraci&#243;n de protocolos de derivaci&#243;n con criterios claros y consensuados por todos los servicios implicados contribuir&#237;a sin duda a reducir la aparente desconfianza hacia esta modalidad asistencial&#44; con las indudables ventajas que supone tanto para los pacientes&#47;familiares como para el sistema sanitario&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Diferentes modelos y organizaci&#243;n de HADO&#47;ESD en cuanto a infraestructura&#44; profesionales involucrados&#44; n&#250;mero de visitas realizadas&#44; soporte telef&#243;nico&#44; acceso a servicios como rehabilitaci&#243;n o apoyo social han resultado eficientes siempre que se cumplan criterios de inclusi&#243;n claros&#44; se den determinadas condiciones sociosanitarias y se cuente con el apoyo de las familias&#46; La atenci&#243;n compartida de los equipos de HADO con la atenci&#243;n primaria podr&#237;a garantizar la continuidad asistencial&#44; siempre y cuando se diferencie la atenci&#243;n de procesos agudos y las necesidades de atenci&#243;n de los enfermos cr&#243;nicos&#44; para evitar conflictos de competencias y no dar lugar a prestaciones que ya asuma la atenci&#243;n primaria&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Es nuestro turno&#46;</p></span>"
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Editorial
Hospitalización a domicilio en neumología: gestión eficiente con elevada satisfacción de los pacientes
Home Hospitalization in Pulmonology: Efficient Management and High Patient Satisfaction
María García Sanza,
Corresponding author
maytegsanz@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, Liliana Doval Oubiñab, Francisco Javier González Barcalac
a Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital do Salnés, Vilagarcía de Arousa, Pontevedra, España
b Servicio de Hospitalización a Domicilio, Hospital do Salnés, Vilagarcía de Arousa, Pontevedra, España
c Servicio de Neumología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña, España
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En los &#250;ltimos a&#241;os se han desarrollado modelos sanitarios para optimizar los cuidados y racionalizar el gasto de los pacientes con enfermedad respiratoria&#46; La hospitalizaci&#243;n a domicilio &#40;HADO&#41; y el alta precoz con supervisi&#243;n &#40;ESD&#41;&#44; con frecuencia evaluados conjuntamente en metaan&#225;lisis&#44; evitan ingresos y acortan la estancia media en pacientes seleccionados&#44; con una calidad de cuidados recibidos similar a la proporcionada por la hospitalizaci&#243;n convencional &#40;HC&#41; y asociado a una menor tasa de mortalidad y reingreso<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;4</span></a>&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; facilitan el bienestar de los pacientes y reducen el riesgo de infecci&#243;n nosocomial<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; Seg&#250;n un estudio reciente&#44; la combinaci&#243;n de HADO y telemonitorizaci&#243;n permitir&#237;a tratar en su domicilio a la mayor&#237;a de los pacientes con EPOC&#44; disminuyendo las visitas a urgencias y reduciendo en un 60&#37; el n&#250;mero de pacientes ingresados en HC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; HADO y ESD son seguras y eficaces no solo para el tratamiento de la EPOC agudizada&#44; sino tambi&#233;n para otros pacientes con sintomatolog&#237;a respiratoria&#44; como la insuficiencia card&#237;aca descompensada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#44; las infecciones respiratorias en pacientes con enfermedad neuromuscular<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> o el tromboembolismo pulmonar en pacientes hemodin&#225;micamente estables<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46; Estudios realizados en diversos pa&#237;ses con sistemas sanitarios distintos y diferentes estructuras organizativas de HAD&#47;ESD coinciden en un menor coste de estas frente a la HC&#44; incluso en pacientes de mayor edad&#44; con exacerbaciones m&#225;s graves o peor estado basal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#8211;5&#44;9</span></a>&#46; El grado de satisfacci&#243;n&#44; rapidez en la recuperaci&#243;n y calidad percibidas tanto por los cuidadores como por los pacientes tratados en r&#233;gimen de HADO y ESD es elevado&#44; manifestando un elevado porcentaje que esta modalidad de ingreso ser&#237;a la preferida por ellos en futuras agudizaciones<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#8211;4&#44;10</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sin embargo&#44; a pesar de que todo parecen ventajas y que son recomendadas por las gu&#237;as cl&#237;nicas como alternativa a la HC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#8211;14</span></a>&#44; HADO&#47;ESD son infrecuentemente elegidas como modalidad de ingreso&#46; Dismore et al&#46; identifican posibles causas en un estudio reciente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#58; las razones esgrimidas por los pacientes incluyen el temor a encontrarse solos durante la noche&#44; el retraso en la atenci&#243;n m&#233;dica en comparaci&#243;n con la HC en caso de complicaciones o la percepci&#243;n de estigmatizaci&#243;n que supondr&#237;a el apoyo de servicios sociales&#59; en otros casos&#44; cuestiones de privacidad hacen que la presencia de extra&#241;os en su domicilio resulte inconveniente&#46; Algunos pacientes consideran el ingreso en HC como una oportunidad de relacionarse con otra gente o de intentar el abandono del h&#225;bito tab&#225;quico&#46; Por otro lado&#44; parece que los facultativos seguimos percibiendo la HC como m&#225;s segura para el paciente&#44; as&#237; como la oportunidad de proporcionar un descanso a los cuidadores en caso de claudicaci&#243;n familiar&#46; La elaboraci&#243;n de protocolos de derivaci&#243;n con criterios claros y consensuados por todos los servicios implicados contribuir&#237;a sin duda a reducir la aparente desconfianza hacia esta modalidad asistencial&#44; con las indudables ventajas que supone tanto para los pacientes&#47;familiares como para el sistema sanitario&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Diferentes modelos y organizaci&#243;n de HADO&#47;ESD en cuanto a infraestructura&#44; profesionales involucrados&#44; n&#250;mero de visitas realizadas&#44; soporte telef&#243;nico&#44; acceso a servicios como rehabilitaci&#243;n o apoyo social han resultado eficientes siempre que se cumplan criterios de inclusi&#243;n claros&#44; se den determinadas condiciones sociosanitarias y se cuente con el apoyo de las familias&#46; La atenci&#243;n compartida de los equipos de HADO con la atenci&#243;n primaria podr&#237;a garantizar la continuidad asistencial&#44; siempre y cuando se diferencie la atenci&#243;n de procesos agudos y las necesidades de atenci&#243;n de los enfermos cr&#243;nicos&#44; para evitar conflictos de competencias y no dar lugar a prestaciones que ya asuma la atenci&#243;n primaria&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Es nuestro turno&#46;</p></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 03002896
Original language: Spanish
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