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sugestivas de un proceso granulomatoso previo&#46; En la toracocentesis obtuvimos un l&#237;quido pleural turbio&#44; tipo exudado con adenosin deaminasa &#40;ADA&#41; elevada &#40;63&#44;9 U&#47;l&#41; y predominio de c&#233;lulas mononucleares &#40;85&#37;&#41;&#46; No realizamos biopsia pleural dada la alta probabilidad de que se tratase de una infecci&#243;n por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium</span>&#44; en virtud de las caracter&#237;sticas del l&#237;quido obtenido&#46; El cultivo del mismo fue positivo para <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; bovis</span>&#44; estableci&#233;ndose el diagn&#243;stico de derrame pleural por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; bovis</span> secundario a la instilaci&#243;n endovesical de BCG&#46; El paciente recibi&#243; tratamiento durante 6 meses con isoniacida&#44; rifampicina y etambutol con buena respuesta cl&#237;nica y resoluci&#243;n del derrame pleural&#44; sin presentar efectos adversos a la medicaci&#243;n&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Aunque la instilaci&#243;n intravesical de BCG suele ser bien tolerada se han descrito complicaciones a nivel local &#40;1&#37;&#41; y sist&#233;micas &#40;4&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#46; Dentro de las sist&#233;micas&#44; las complicaciones pulmonares suponen el 1-3&#37; y se han descrito 5 formas de presentaci&#243;n&#58; neumonitis intersticial&#44; empiema&#44; da&#241;o alveolar difuso&#44; neumon&#237;a con o sin cavitaci&#243;n y la tuberculosis &#40;TBC&#41; miliar&#46; Esta &#250;ltima es la forma m&#225;s frecuente de infecci&#243;n por BCG en la literatura y supone un tercio de los casos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a>&#46; Respecto a la etiopatogenia de la afectaci&#243;n sist&#233;mica&#44; algunos autores postulan que se trata de una reacci&#243;n de hipersensibilidad a la BCG&#44; y otros opinan que es una diseminaci&#243;n sist&#233;mica tras una siembra hemat&#243;gena a partir de la vejiga<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No se ha podido demostrar que la profilaxis con isoniacida proteja frente a la diseminaci&#243;n sist&#233;mica tras administraci&#243;n intravesical de BCG<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; Por otro lado&#44; la aparici&#243;n de las complicaciones puede retrasarse de meses a a&#241;os desde la primera instilaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En el caso que presentamos&#44; el cultivo fue positivo para <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; bovis</span>&#46; En la TC tor&#225;cica de nuestro paciente aparecieron lesiones residuales de una posible TBC antigua no tratada&#46; La frecuencia de las complicaciones es mayor en pacientes con antecedentes de TBC que en pacientes sin enfermedad tuberculosa previa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nuestro caso presenta la peculiaridad de demostrar la presencia de bacilos en el l&#237;quido pleural&#44; lo que nos permite el diagn&#243;stico de derrame pleural secundario a diseminaci&#243;n de BCG&#44; tras instilaci&#243;n intravesical&#44; al a&#241;o de haber recibido este tratamiento&#46; Tambi&#233;n es poco com&#250;n la complicaci&#243;n como derrame pleural&#46; En la literatura solo hemos encontrado un caso similar de derrame pleural 6 a&#241;os despu&#233;s de haber recibido tratamiento con BCG pero en &#233;l no se consigui&#243; aislar la micobacteria en el l&#237;quido<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46;</p></span>"
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Derrame pleural tras tratamiento intravesical con bacilo de Calmette-Guérin
Pleural effusion after intravesical administration of bacillus Calmette-Guérin
Ana Roca Novala,
Corresponding author
anaroca14@hotmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, Carolina Cisnerosa, F. Javier García-Péreza, Diego Domingob
a Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, España
b Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, España
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exfumador&#44; con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica leve&#44; fibrilaci&#243;n auricular y portador de marcapasos por enfermedad del seno diagnosticado de un urotelioma multifocal de vejiga tratado mediante resecci&#243;n transuretral y 6 instilaciones de BCG&#46; Un a&#241;o m&#225;s tarde&#44; acude a urgencias por dolor tor&#225;cico de caracter&#237;sticas pleur&#237;ticas y aumento de disnea&#44; evidenciando en la radiograf&#237;a de t&#243;rax &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41; derrame pleural derecho&#46; Se instaura antibioterapia emp&#237;rica con amoxicilina&#47;clavul&#225;nico e ingresa en neumolog&#237;a para ampliar el estudio con una tomograf&#237;a computarizada &#40;TC&#41; tor&#225;cica y una toracocentesis diagn&#243;stica&#46; En la primera describen un extenso derrame pleural derecho con atelectasia pasiva del l&#243;bulo inferior ipsilateral&#44; un granuloma calcificado subpleural en el l&#243;bulo inferior izquierdo y adenopat&#237;as prevasculares e hiliares&#44; sugestivas de un proceso granulomatoso previo&#46; En la toracocentesis obtuvimos un l&#237;quido pleural turbio&#44; tipo exudado con adenosin deaminasa &#40;ADA&#41; elevada &#40;63&#44;9 U&#47;l&#41; y predominio de c&#233;lulas mononucleares &#40;85&#37;&#41;&#46; No realizamos biopsia pleural dada la alta probabilidad de que se tratase de una infecci&#243;n por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium</span>&#44; en virtud de las caracter&#237;sticas del l&#237;quido obtenido&#46; El cultivo del mismo fue positivo para <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; bovis</span>&#44; estableci&#233;ndose el diagn&#243;stico de derrame pleural por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; bovis</span> secundario a la instilaci&#243;n endovesical de BCG&#46; El paciente recibi&#243; tratamiento durante 6 meses con isoniacida&#44; rifampicina y etambutol con buena respuesta cl&#237;nica y resoluci&#243;n del derrame pleural&#44; sin presentar efectos adversos a la medicaci&#243;n&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Aunque la instilaci&#243;n intravesical de BCG suele ser bien tolerada se han descrito complicaciones a nivel local &#40;1&#37;&#41; y sist&#233;micas &#40;4&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#46; Dentro de las sist&#233;micas&#44; las complicaciones pulmonares suponen el 1-3&#37; y se han descrito 5 formas de presentaci&#243;n&#58; neumonitis intersticial&#44; empiema&#44; da&#241;o alveolar difuso&#44; neumon&#237;a con o sin cavitaci&#243;n y la tuberculosis &#40;TBC&#41; miliar&#46; Esta &#250;ltima es la forma m&#225;s frecuente de infecci&#243;n por BCG en la literatura y supone un tercio de los casos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a>&#46; Respecto a la etiopatogenia de la afectaci&#243;n sist&#233;mica&#44; algunos autores postulan que se trata de una reacci&#243;n de hipersensibilidad a la BCG&#44; y otros opinan que es una diseminaci&#243;n sist&#233;mica tras una siembra hemat&#243;gena a partir de la vejiga<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No se ha podido demostrar que la profilaxis con isoniacida proteja frente a la diseminaci&#243;n sist&#233;mica tras administraci&#243;n intravesical de BCG<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; Por otro lado&#44; la aparici&#243;n de las complicaciones puede retrasarse de meses a a&#241;os desde la primera instilaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En el caso que presentamos&#44; el cultivo fue positivo para <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46; bovis</span>&#46; En la TC tor&#225;cica de nuestro paciente aparecieron lesiones residuales de una posible TBC antigua no tratada&#46; La frecuencia de las complicaciones es mayor en pacientes con antecedentes de TBC que en pacientes sin enfermedad tuberculosa previa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nuestro caso presenta la peculiaridad de demostrar la presencia de bacilos en el l&#237;quido pleural&#44; lo que nos permite el diagn&#243;stico de derrame pleural secundario a diseminaci&#243;n de BCG&#44; 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Article information
ISSN: 03002896
Original language: Spanish
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