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Carta científica
Quilotórax en paciente en hemodiálisis
Chylothorax in a Patient Receiving Hemodialysis
Elizabeth María De Freitas González
Corresponding author
elizabethdefreitas2810@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, Jesús Antonio Villegas Alcázar, Silvia García García
Servicio de Neumología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, León, España
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mujer de 84 a&#241;os&#44; con antecedentes de hipertensi&#243;n arterial&#44; diab&#233;tica tipo 2&#44; con nefropat&#237;a diab&#233;tica en hemodi&#225;lisis a trav&#233;s de cat&#233;ter venoso yugular derecho &#40;trombosado 3 meses antes del ingreso&#41;&#44; y estenosis de canal &#40;L4-L5&#41;&#46; Se deriva a urgencias porque en una sesi&#243;n de hemodi&#225;lisis refiere tos y auscultaci&#243;n pulmonar con ruidos respiratorios disminuidos en tercio inferior del hemit&#243;rax derecho&#46; No presenta fiebre ni disnea&#46; En los d&#237;as previos hab&#237;a realizado tratamiento con amoxicilina&#47;clavul&#225;nico por una posible infecci&#243;n urinaria&#46; En el examen f&#237;sico destacan&#160;f&#237;stula arteriovenosa para hemodi&#225;lisis en antebrazo izquierdo&#44; ruidos card&#237;acos r&#237;tmicos con soplo sist&#243;lico en foco mitral <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">III</span>&#47;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">IV</span> y ruidos respiratorios disminuidos en la base pulmonar derecha&#46; El hemograma y la bioqu&#237;mica son normales&#44; salvo un proBNP de 1&#46;750 y unos triglic&#233;ridos de 99<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl&#46; En la radiograf&#237;a de t&#243;rax se aprecia derrame pleural en tercio inferior de hemit&#243;rax derecho&#44; engrosamiento de la cisura menor y cat&#233;ter en la vena yugular derecha&#46; En la toracocentesis diagn&#243;stica se obtuvo un l&#237;quido de aspecto lechoso con pH 7&#44;30&#44; ADA 21<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;l&#44; LDH 119<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;l&#44; glucosa 214<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl&#44; prote&#237;nas totales 4&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dl&#44; colesterol 94<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl y triglic&#233;ridos 870<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl&#46; La citolog&#237;a fue negativa para malignidad&#46; Los hallazgos de la TC tor&#225;cica fueron&#58; gran derrame pleural derecho&#44; atelectasia pasiva del pulm&#243;n ipsilateral con desviaci&#243;n mediast&#237;nica&#44; gran circulaci&#243;n colateral en hemit&#243;rax derecho a trav&#233;s del sistema &#225;cigos&#47;hemi&#225;cigos&#44; y estenosis de la vena cava superior con un cat&#233;ter en la vena yugular derecha &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; Bajo control fluorosc&#243;pico se retir&#243; el cat&#233;ter yugular central y se sustituy&#243; por otro femoral&#46; Ante el diagn&#243;stico de quilot&#243;rax se coloc&#243; un drenaje pleural&#44; drenando 1&#46;800<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#46; La radiograf&#237;a de t&#243;rax al alta demostr&#243; la completa resoluci&#243;n del derrame pleural sin que haya recidivado en el seguimiento&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los pacientes en tratamiento con hemodi&#225;lisis pueden presentar un derrame pleural&#44; por diversas causas&#46; Aunque pueden ser exudados en el seno de infecciones&#44; neoplasias&#44; pleuritis ur&#233;mica o hemot&#243;rax&#44; la mayor&#237;a son trasudados por sobrecarga de volumen o por alteraci&#243;n del drenaje venoso&#46; Sin embargo&#44; la presencia de un quilot&#243;rax es muy poco frecuente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; En el caso de nuestra paciente&#44; la trombosis del cat&#233;ter venoso central yugular condicion&#243; la aparici&#243;n de una estenosis&#47;obstrucci&#243;n de la vena cava superior que dificult&#243; el drenaje linf&#225;tico&#44; favoreciendo la formaci&#243;n de quilot&#243;rax&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En definitiva&#44; el quilot&#243;rax es una causa de derrame escasamente documentada en los pacientes sometidos a hemodi&#225;lisis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; Se requiere una sospecha diagn&#243;stica adecuada y una aproximaci&#243;n terap&#233;utica espec&#237;fica&#44; que incluye la retirada del cat&#233;ter de hemodi&#225;lisis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46;</p></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 03002896
Original language: Spanish
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