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consult&#243; por disnea de esfuerzo progresiva de un mes de evoluci&#243;n&#46; Dos meses previos a la consulta hab&#237;a recibido una radioembolizaci&#243;n hep&#225;tica con microesferas de resina con I-90&#44; con una dosis calculada de radiaci&#243;n pulmonar de 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Gy&#46; Previo al tratamiento&#44; el centellograma pulmonar posterior a la inyecci&#243;n de macroagregados de alb&#250;mina marcada con tecnecio-99m &#40;MAA-<span class="elsevierStyleSup">99m</span>Tc&#41; en la arteria hep&#225;tica&#44; hab&#237;a evidenciado una fracci&#243;n de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunt</span> pulmonar del 10&#37;&#46; Al examen f&#237;sico presentaba taquipnea&#44; crepitantes bilaterales a la auscultaci&#243;n pulmonar y una saturaci&#243;n perif&#233;rica de ox&#237;geno del 88&#37;&#44; sin signos de insuficiencia cardiaca&#46; La tomograf&#237;a computarizada tor&#225;cica evidenci&#243; un patr&#243;n de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#171;crazy paving&#187;</span> y una sobreelevaci&#243;n del hemidiafragma derecho &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>A&#41;&#46; Se plante&#243; la necesidad de realizar una broncoscopia diagn&#243;stica&#44; a la que el paciente se neg&#243;&#46; Dando relevancia al antecedente de radioembolizaci&#243;n y de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunt</span> hepato-pulmonar se estableci&#243; el diagn&#243;stico presuntivo de neumonitis por radioembolizaci&#243;n&#46; Se realiz&#243; tratamiento con 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;d&#237;a de prednisona durante 2 meses&#44; evolucionando con mejor&#237;a cl&#237;nica progresiva y resoluci&#243;n de las alteraciones tomogr&#225;ficas &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>B&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La neumonitis por radiaci&#243;n secundaria a la radioembolizaci&#243;n hep&#225;tica con microesferas con I-90 ha sido previamente descrita&#46; En la fisiopatolog&#237;a est&#225; implicada la presencia de un <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunt</span> entre la circulaci&#243;n arterial hep&#225;tica y la circulaci&#243;n pulmonar&#46; 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Carta científica
Neumonitis por radiación secundaria a radioembolización hepática con itrio-90
Radiation pneumonitis following hepatic yttrium-90 radioembolization
Horacio Matías Castro
Corresponding author
matias.castro@hospitalitaliano.org.ar

Autor para correspondencia.
, Esteban Javier Wainstein, Joaquin Maritano Furcada
Departamento de Medicina Respiratoria, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La radioembolizaci&#243;n hep&#225;tica es una t&#233;cnica reconocida para el tratamiento del hepatocarcinoma &#40;HCC&#41; y de las met&#225;stasis hep&#225;ticas mediante la administraci&#243;n de itrio-90 &#40;I-90&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; La neumonitis por radiaci&#243;n secundaria a esta terapia es un evento infrecuente que sucede en menos del 1&#37; de los casos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a>&#46; Presentamos un caso de probable toxicidad pulmonar por radioembolizaci&#243;n hep&#225;tica con I-90&#44; y explicamos la fisiopatolog&#237;a subyacente&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Un var&#243;n de 73 a&#241;os con antecedentes de cirrosis alcoh&#243;lica&#44; HCC irresecable y ex fumador&#44; consult&#243; por disnea de esfuerzo progresiva de un mes de evoluci&#243;n&#46; Dos meses previos a la consulta hab&#237;a recibido una radioembolizaci&#243;n hep&#225;tica con microesferas de resina con I-90&#44; con una dosis calculada de radiaci&#243;n pulmonar de 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Gy&#46; Previo al tratamiento&#44; el centellograma pulmonar posterior a la inyecci&#243;n de macroagregados de alb&#250;mina marcada con tecnecio-99m &#40;MAA-<span class="elsevierStyleSup">99m</span>Tc&#41; en la arteria hep&#225;tica&#44; hab&#237;a evidenciado una fracci&#243;n de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunt</span> pulmonar del 10&#37;&#46; Al examen f&#237;sico presentaba taquipnea&#44; crepitantes bilaterales a la auscultaci&#243;n pulmonar y una saturaci&#243;n perif&#233;rica de ox&#237;geno del 88&#37;&#44; sin signos de insuficiencia cardiaca&#46; La tomograf&#237;a computarizada tor&#225;cica evidenci&#243; un patr&#243;n de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#171;crazy paving&#187;</span> y una sobreelevaci&#243;n del hemidiafragma derecho &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>A&#41;&#46; Se plante&#243; la necesidad de realizar una broncoscopia diagn&#243;stica&#44; a la que el paciente se neg&#243;&#46; Dando relevancia al antecedente de radioembolizaci&#243;n y de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunt</span> hepato-pulmonar se estableci&#243; el diagn&#243;stico presuntivo de neumonitis por radioembolizaci&#243;n&#46; Se realiz&#243; tratamiento con 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;d&#237;a de prednisona durante 2 meses&#44; evolucionando con mejor&#237;a cl&#237;nica progresiva y resoluci&#243;n de las alteraciones tomogr&#225;ficas &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>B&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La neumonitis por radiaci&#243;n secundaria a la radioembolizaci&#243;n hep&#225;tica con microesferas con I-90 ha sido previamente descrita&#46; En la fisiopatolog&#237;a est&#225; implicada la presencia de un <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunt</span> entre la circulaci&#243;n arterial hep&#225;tica y la circulaci&#243;n pulmonar&#46; Este <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunt</span> est&#225; asociado a ciertos tumores hep&#225;ticos que inducen la generaci&#243;n de comunicaciones vasculares an&#243;malas&#46; La probabilidad de presentar dicha complicaci&#243;n es proporcional a la magnitud del <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunt</span> hepato-pulmonar<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#44; por lo que es imprescindible el c&#225;lculo del mismo&#46; Este se realiza durante la angiograf&#237;a de planificaci&#243;n del tratamiento&#44; administrando un trazador radioactivo &#40;MAA-<span class="elsevierStyleSup">99m</span>Tc&#41; en la arteria hep&#225;tica&#44; y luego adquiriendo un centellograma pulmonar cuantitativo&#46; La fracci&#243;n del <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">shunt</span> se calcula como la relaci&#243;n entre la dosis administrada y la registrada en el centellograma pulmonar&#46; Si la misma es mayor o igual al 20&#37;&#44; o se predice una exposici&#243;n pulmonar mayor a 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Gy en dosis &#250;nica o 50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Gy en dosis acumulada&#44; la radioembolizaci&#243;n esta contraindicada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La presentaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica se acompa&#241;a de tos&#44; disnea y fiebre&#46; Los hallazgos tomogr&#225;ficos se presentan entre 1-2 meses despu&#233;s de la terapia&#44; con infiltrados en vidrio esmerilado y engrosamiento septal&#46; El tratamiento de elecci&#243;n son los corticoides sist&#233;micos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; El caso descrito present&#243; hallazgos cl&#237;nicos y radiol&#243;gicos compatibles con neumonitis por radiaci&#243;n&#46; Reconocer esta complicaci&#243;n es relevante&#44; y debe ser considerada en los pacientes que reciben esta intervenci&#243;n&#46;</p></span>"
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ISSN: 03002896
Original language: Spanish
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