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con un betaadren&#233;rgico de acci&#243;n larga y un anticolin&#233;rgico de acci&#243;n larga&#46; Realizamos un estudio prospectivo en pacientes ambulatorios valorados en una unidad de diagn&#243;stico r&#225;pido de CP y cuya espirometr&#237;a realizada el primer d&#237;a en esta unidad presentaba una relaci&#243;n volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo&#47;capacidad vital forzada &#40;FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#47;FVC&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>70&#37; y un FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>80&#37; del predicho posbroncodilataci&#243;n&#46; Se excluyeron los pacientes que ya recib&#237;an tratamiento con DBD y los que presentaban un diagn&#243;stico alternativo de asma bronquial&#46; Se analiz&#243; el efecto de la DBD sobre la funci&#243;n pulmonar a las 4 semanas&#46; La elecci&#243;n del anticolin&#233;rgico de acci&#243;n larga o el betaadren&#233;rgico de acci&#243;n larga se realiz&#243; 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Seis presentaban un diagn&#243;stico previo de EPOC y se encontraban bajo tratamiento broncodilatador&#44; en ning&#250;n caso basado en la DBD&#44; de los cuales 4 inclu&#237;an fluticasona combinada con salmeterol&#46; El betaadren&#233;rgico de acci&#243;n larga m&#225;s frecuentemente utilizado fue indacaterol &#40;83&#44;8&#37;&#41; seguido de salmeterol&#44; vilanterol y olodaterol&#46; El anticolin&#233;rgico de acci&#243;n larga m&#225;s utilizado fue glicopirronio &#40;51&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#44; seguido de aclidinio y tiotropio&#46; Tras 4 semanas de tratamiento con DBD&#44; el aumento medio del FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> fue de 200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml &#40;rango intercuartil &#91;RIQ&#93; 40-320&#41; y un 8&#37; &#40;RIQ 9-11&#41; y el de la FVC de 290<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml &#40;RIQ 75-665&#41; y un 6&#44;5&#37; &#40;RIQ 1&#44;5-14&#41; sobre los basales&#46; El 40&#37; de los pacientes presentaron incrementos del FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> y&#47;o de la FVC iguales o mayores de 400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#44; sin que en un estudio multivariante detect&#225;semos factores predictores de la respuesta&#46; Tampoco se observaron diferencias seg&#250;n el estadio del CP&#46; En 5 pacientes de los 10 potencialmente resecables y que inicialmente presentaban una funci&#243;n pulmonar baja la mejor&#237;a del FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> y la FVC tras la DBD permiti&#243; que la resecci&#243;n quir&#250;rgica del CP fuese realizada sin necesidad de realizar test de consumo de ox&#237;geno&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En esta experiencia piloto hemos observado una notable mejor&#237;a de la funci&#243;n pulmonar en pacientes diagnosticados de EPOC y CP tratados con DBD que ha posibilitado el tratamiento quir&#250;rgico curativo en un elevado porcentaje de pacientes&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En un trabajo que buscaba un objetivo similar donde adem&#225;s se estudiaron las complicaciones pulmonares postoperatorias en 2 grupos de intervenci&#243;n con DBD &#40;formoterol m&#225;s tiotropio&#41; solo frente a DBD m&#225;s budesonida se observaron mejor&#237;as similares a las descritas en nuestra serie en ambos grupos&#44; con resultados significativamente mejores en el grupo tratado con budesonida que incluy&#243; un menor n&#250;mero de complicaciones postoperatorias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; En otro estudio se observ&#243; una menor incidencia de complicaciones postoperatorias en los pacientes que hab&#237;an recibido tratamiento con tiotropio<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; En nuestro trabajo tambi&#233;n hemos demostrado mejor&#237;as significativas en pacientes con EPOC grave&#44; en los que una peque&#241;a mejor&#237;a de la funci&#243;n pulmonar puede ser determinante en la elecci&#243;n del tratamiento&#44; posibilitando la cirug&#237;a en la mitad de los inicialmente inoperables&#46; A pesar de la obviedad de los beneficios de la terapia intensiva broncodilatadora en los pacientes con CP y EPOC&#44; no existen recomendaciones espec&#237;ficas sustentadas en la evidencia&#46; Si tenemos en cuenta las limitaciones de este estudio inherentes al peque&#241;o tama&#241;o muestral&#44; la falta de grupo control y del ajuste del posible beneficio de otras terapias&#44; los resultados podr&#237;an justificar realizar estudios m&#225;s amplios que clarifiquen el beneficio de la DBD en el tratamiento y pron&#243;stico del CP en estos pacientes&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CAT&#58; COPD Assessment Test&#59; CP&#58; c&#225;ncer de pulm&#243;n&#59; EPOC&#58; enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica&#59; FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#58; volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo&#59; FVC&#58; capacidad vital forzada&#59; GOLD&#58; Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease&#59; RIQ&#58; rango intercuartil&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Edad media en a&#241;os &#40;RIQ&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">67 &#40;58-67&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sexo &#40;varones&#41;&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tabaquismo&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">37 &#40;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fumadores activos&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#205;ndice de tabaquismo</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&#44; media &#40;RIQ&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Histolog&#237;a CP&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Adenocarcinoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21 &#40;56&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Escamoso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Estadios TNM&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>I-IIIA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24 &#40;65&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IIIB-IV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13 &#40;35&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">No tratamiento EPOC&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                      "titulo" => "The relationship COPD and lung cancer"
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                        "volumen" => "90"
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                      "titulo" => "Physiologic evaluation of the patient with lung cancer being considered for resectional surgery&#58; Diagnosis and management of lung cancer&#44; 3rd ed&#58; American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines"
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                          "autores" => array:4 [
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                            2 => "Y&#46; Okada"
                            3 => "N&#46; Imai"
                            4 => "S&#46; Iwano"
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                      "doi" => "10.1186/1471-2466-14-14"
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                        "volumen" => "14"
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                        "volumen" => "39"
                        "paginaInicial" => "995"
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Carta científica
Análisis de la eficacia de la doble broncodilatación (LABA+LAMA) en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) y cáncer de pulmón
Efficacy of Double Bronchodilation (LABA+LAMA) in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Lung Cancer
Virginia Leiro-Fernández
Corresponding author
virginia.leiro.fernandez@sergas.es

Autor para correspondencia.
, Ana Priegue Carrera, Alberto Fernández-Villar
Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, EOXI Vigo, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, España
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con un betaadren&#233;rgico de acci&#243;n larga y un anticolin&#233;rgico de acci&#243;n larga&#46; Realizamos un estudio prospectivo en pacientes ambulatorios valorados en una unidad de diagn&#243;stico r&#225;pido de CP y cuya espirometr&#237;a realizada el primer d&#237;a en esta unidad presentaba una relaci&#243;n volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo&#47;capacidad vital forzada &#40;FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#47;FVC&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>70&#37; y un FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>80&#37; del predicho posbroncodilataci&#243;n&#46; Se excluyeron los pacientes que ya recib&#237;an tratamiento con DBD y los que presentaban un diagn&#243;stico alternativo de asma bronquial&#46; Se analiz&#243; el efecto de la DBD sobre la funci&#243;n pulmonar a las 4 semanas&#46; La elecci&#243;n del anticolin&#233;rgico de acci&#243;n larga o el betaadren&#233;rgico de acci&#243;n larga se realiz&#243; seg&#250;n criterio m&#233;dico y en funci&#243;n de la habilidad y la capacidad del paciente para llevar a cabo el tratamiento&#46; En aquellos participantes bajo tratamiento previo con corticoides inhalados no se realiz&#243; la retirada de la medicaci&#243;n&#46; Durante este periodo se realizaron adem&#225;s todos los estudios anal&#237;ticos&#44; endosc&#243;picos o de imagen necesarios para el adecuado diagn&#243;stico y estadificaci&#243;n del caso y su decisi&#243;n terap&#233;utica multidisciplinar&#46; A las 4 semanas&#44; antes del inicio del tratamiento del CP en todos los casos&#44; se repiti&#243; la espirometr&#237;a para evaluar el impacto de la DBD sobre el FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> y la FVC&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Resultados</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se estudiaron 37 pacientes con CP y EPOC&#44; cuyas caracter&#237;sticas se definen en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#46; Seis presentaban un diagn&#243;stico previo de EPOC y se encontraban bajo tratamiento broncodilatador&#44; en ning&#250;n caso basado en la DBD&#44; de los cuales 4 inclu&#237;an fluticasona combinada con salmeterol&#46; El betaadren&#233;rgico de acci&#243;n larga m&#225;s frecuentemente utilizado fue indacaterol &#40;83&#44;8&#37;&#41; seguido de salmeterol&#44; vilanterol y olodaterol&#46; El anticolin&#233;rgico de acci&#243;n larga m&#225;s utilizado fue glicopirronio &#40;51&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#44; seguido de aclidinio y tiotropio&#46; Tras 4 semanas de tratamiento con DBD&#44; el aumento medio del FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> fue de 200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml &#40;rango intercuartil &#91;RIQ&#93; 40-320&#41; y un 8&#37; &#40;RIQ 9-11&#41; y el de la FVC de 290<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml &#40;RIQ 75-665&#41; y un 6&#44;5&#37; &#40;RIQ 1&#44;5-14&#41; sobre los basales&#46; El 40&#37; de los pacientes presentaron incrementos del FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> y&#47;o de la FVC iguales o mayores de 400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#44; sin que en un estudio multivariante detect&#225;semos factores predictores de la respuesta&#46; Tampoco se observaron diferencias seg&#250;n el estadio del CP&#46; En 5 pacientes de los 10 potencialmente resecables y que inicialmente presentaban una funci&#243;n pulmonar baja la mejor&#237;a del FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> y la FVC tras la DBD permiti&#243; que la resecci&#243;n quir&#250;rgica del CP fuese realizada sin necesidad de realizar test de consumo de ox&#237;geno&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En esta experiencia piloto hemos observado una notable mejor&#237;a de la funci&#243;n pulmonar en pacientes diagnosticados de EPOC y CP tratados con DBD que ha posibilitado el tratamiento quir&#250;rgico curativo en un elevado porcentaje de pacientes&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En un trabajo que buscaba un objetivo similar donde adem&#225;s se estudiaron las complicaciones pulmonares postoperatorias en 2 grupos de intervenci&#243;n con DBD &#40;formoterol m&#225;s tiotropio&#41; solo frente a DBD m&#225;s budesonida se observaron mejor&#237;as similares a las descritas en nuestra serie en ambos grupos&#44; con resultados significativamente mejores en el grupo tratado con budesonida que incluy&#243; un menor n&#250;mero de complicaciones postoperatorias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; En otro estudio se observ&#243; una menor incidencia de complicaciones postoperatorias en los pacientes que hab&#237;an recibido tratamiento con tiotropio<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; En nuestro trabajo tambi&#233;n hemos demostrado mejor&#237;as significativas en pacientes con EPOC grave&#44; en los que una peque&#241;a mejor&#237;a de la funci&#243;n pulmonar puede ser determinante en la elecci&#243;n del tratamiento&#44; posibilitando la cirug&#237;a en la mitad de los inicialmente inoperables&#46; A pesar de la obviedad de los beneficios de la terapia intensiva broncodilatadora en los pacientes con CP y EPOC&#44; no existen recomendaciones espec&#237;ficas sustentadas en la evidencia&#46; Si tenemos en cuenta las limitaciones de este estudio inherentes al peque&#241;o tama&#241;o muestral&#44; la falta de grupo control y del ajuste del posible beneficio de otras terapias&#44; los resultados podr&#237;an justificar realizar estudios m&#225;s amplios que clarifiquen el beneficio de la DBD en el tratamiento y pron&#243;stico del CP en estos pacientes&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CAT&#58; COPD Assessment Test&#59; CP&#58; c&#225;ncer de pulm&#243;n&#59; EPOC&#58; enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica&#59; FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#58; volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo&#59; FVC&#58; capacidad vital forzada&#59; GOLD&#58; Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease&#59; RIQ&#58; rango intercuartil&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Edad media en a&#241;os &#40;RIQ&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">67 &#40;58-67&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sexo &#40;varones&#41;&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tabaquismo&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">37 &#40;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fumadores activos&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23 &#40;62&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#205;ndice de tabaquismo</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&#44; media &#40;RIQ&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">40 &#40;35-60&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Histolog&#237;a CP&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Adenocarcinoma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21 &#40;56&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Escamoso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11 &#40;29&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Estadios TNM&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>I-IIIA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24 &#40;65&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IIIB-IV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13 &#40;35&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">No tratamiento EPOC&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6 &#40;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Exacerbadores</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3 &#40;8&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FEV</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ml&#44; media &#40;RIQ&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#46;150 &#40;1&#46;760-2&#46;430&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The relationship COPD and lung cancer"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46;L&#46; Durham"
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                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.lungcan.2015.08.017"
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                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "90"
                        "paginaInicial" => "121"
                        "paginaFinal" => "127"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Physiologic evaluation of the patient with lung cancer being considered for resectional surgery&#58; Diagnosis and management of lung cancer&#44; 3rd ed&#58; American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines"
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                        0 => array:2 [
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                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Brunelli"
                            1 => "A&#46;W&#46; Kim"
                            2 => "K&#46;I&#46; Berger"
                            3 => "D&#46;J&#46; Addrizzo-Harris"
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                      "doi" => "10.1378/chest.12-2395"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "143"
                        "numero" => "5 Suppl"
                        "paginaInicial" => "e166S"
                        "paginaFinal" => "e190S"
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                      "titulo" => "Clinical impact of prevalence and severity of COPD on the decision-making process for therapeutic management of lung cancer patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
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                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Hashimoto"
                            1 => "A&#46; Matsuzaki"
                            2 => "Y&#46; Okada"
                            3 => "N&#46; Imai"
                            4 => "S&#46; Iwano"
                            5 => "K&#46; Wakai"
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Article information
ISSN: 03002896
Original language: Spanish
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