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ej&#46;&#44; los primeros 3-6 meses&#41; de pacientes con TEP sin c&#225;ncer&#44; despu&#233;s de un per&#237;odo inicial m&#237;nimo de 5 d&#237;as de anticoagulaci&#243;n parenteral&#44; sugerimos el uso de dabigatr&#225;n o edoxab&#225;n sobre los antagonistas de la vitamina K&#46;</p></li></ul></p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fernando Uresandi declara haber recibido financiaci&#243;n por impartir conferencias en eventos educacionales y&#47;o asesor&#237;a cient&#237;fica y&#47;o investigaci&#243;n de Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">David Jim&#233;nez declara haber recibido financiaci&#243;n por impartir conferencias en eventos educacionales y&#47;o asesor&#237;a cient&#237;fica y&#47;o investigaci&#243;n de Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals&#59; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals&#44; Inc&#46;&#59; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company&#59; Daiichi Sankyo&#44; Inc&#59; Leo Pharma&#59; Pfizer&#59; ROVI y Sanofi-Aventis&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Editorial
Actualización del Consenso nacional sobre el diagnóstico, estratificación de riesgo y tratamiento de los pacientes con tromboembolia de pulmón
National consensus on the diagnosis, risk stratification and treatment of patients with pulmonary embolism: An update
Fernando Uresandia, David Jiménezb,c,
Corresponding author
djimenez.hrc@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
a Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Cruces, Bilbao, Madrid, España
b Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España
c Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España
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rivaroxab&#225;n&#44; apixab&#225;n y edoxab&#225;n &#40;inhibidores del factor Xa&#41;&#46; Todos estos anticoagulantes ya han sido aprobados por la Administraci&#243;n de Alimentos y F&#225;rmacos &#40;FDA&#41; de Estados Unidos&#44; por la Agencia Europea del Medicamento &#40;EMA&#41; y por la Agencia Espa&#241;ola de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios &#40;AEMPS&#41; para el tratamiento de la trombosis venosa profunda &#40;TVP&#41; y de la TEP&#44; y para la prevenci&#243;n de la TVP y de la TEP recurrentes en adultos&#46; En este editorial se analiza el dise&#241;o y los resultados de los ensayos cl&#237;nicos fundamentales&#44; y se actualizan las recomendaciones sobre el tratamiento anticoagulante de la TEP&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En el an&#225;lisis conjunto de 2 ensayos cl&#237;nicos que evaluaron rivaroxab&#225;n para el tratamiento agudo y a largo plazo &#40;p&#46; ej&#46;&#44; durante los primeros 3&#44; 6 o 12 meses&#41; de la TVP y de la TEP &#40;58&#37;&#41;&#44; rivaroxab&#225;n se asoci&#243; a una eficacia similar a la del tratamiento est&#225;ndar &#40;anticoagulaci&#243;n parenteral solapada y seguida de antagonistas de la vitamina K&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">hazard ratio</span> &#91;HR&#93;&#58; 0&#44;87&#59; intervalo de confianza &#91;IC&#93;&#58; 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;66-1&#44;19&#41; y a una reducci&#243;n a la mitad de las hemorragias graves &#40;HR&#58; 0&#44;54&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;37-0&#44;79&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; Se administra por v&#237;a oral &#40;sin necesidad de anticoagulaci&#243;n parenteral previa&#41; a dosis de 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;2 veces al d&#237;a durante 3 semanas&#44; seguido de 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg una vez al d&#237;a&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El ensayo AMPLIFY evalu&#243; la eficacia y seguridad de apixab&#225;n para el tratamiento de 5&#46;395 pacientes con TVP o TEP &#40;34&#37;&#41; durante los 6 primeros meses despu&#233;s del evento tromb&#243;tico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; Comparado con el tratamiento est&#225;ndar&#44; apixab&#225;n demostr&#243; una eficacia similar &#40;riesgo relativo &#91;RR&#93;&#58; 0&#44;84&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;60-1&#44;18&#41;&#44; y una reducci&#243;n estad&#237;sticamente significativa de las hemorragias graves &#40;RR&#58; 0&#44;31&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;17-0&#44;55&#41; y de las hemorragias no graves cl&#237;nicamente relevantes &#40;RR&#58; 0&#44;48&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;38-0&#44;60&#41;&#46; Se administra por v&#237;a oral &#40;sin necesidad de anticoagulaci&#243;n parenteral previa&#41; a dosis de 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;2 veces al d&#237;a los primeros 7 d&#237;as seguido&#44; de 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;2 veces al d&#237;a&#46; Para el tratamiento extendido &#40;p&#46; ej&#46;&#44; 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de todos los sangrados &#40;HR&#58; 0&#44;70&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;61-0&#44;79&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El ensayo cl&#237;nico Hokusai-VTE&#44; que aleatoriz&#243; 4&#46;921 pacientes con TVP y 3&#46;319 con TEP que hab&#237;an recibido heparina durante una mediana de 7 d&#237;as&#44; compar&#243; la eficacia y seguridad de edoxab&#225;n 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg al d&#237;a &#40;30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg para pacientes con aclaramiento de creatinina de 30-50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#44; peso de 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg o menos&#44; o uso concomitante de inhibidores potentes de la glicoprote&#237;na P&#41; con warfarina durante 3-12 meses<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; Edoxab&#225;n no fue inferior a warfarina para el evento primario de eficacia &#40;incidencia de recurrencia tromb&#243;tica fatal o no fatal&#41; &#40;HR&#58; 0&#44;89&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;70-1&#44;13&#41;&#46; La incidencia de sangrados graves o no graves cl&#237;nicamente relevantes fue significativamente menor en el grupo que recibi&#243; edoxab&#225;n &#40;HR&#58; 0&#44;81&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;71-0&#44;94&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No se han dise&#241;ado estudios que hayan comparado de forma directa los anticoagulantes orales de acci&#243;n directa entre s&#237;&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8722;</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para el tratamiento de la fase aguda y a largo plazo &#40;p&#46; ej&#46;&#44; los primeros 3-6 meses&#41; de pacientes con TEP sin c&#225;ncer&#44; sugerimos el uso de rivaroxab&#225;n o apixab&#225;n sobre los antagonistas de la vitamina K&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8722;</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para el tratamiento a largo plazo &#40;p&#46; ej&#46;&#44; los primeros 3-6 meses&#41; de pacientes con TEP sin c&#225;ncer&#44; despu&#233;s de un per&#237;odo inicial m&#237;nimo de 5 d&#237;as de anticoagulaci&#243;n parenteral&#44; sugerimos el uso de dabigatr&#225;n o edoxab&#225;n sobre los antagonistas de la vitamina K&#46;</p></li></ul></p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fernando Uresandi declara haber recibido financiaci&#243;n por impartir conferencias en eventos educacionales y&#47;o asesor&#237;a cient&#237;fica y&#47;o investigaci&#243;n de Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">David Jim&#233;nez declara haber recibido financiaci&#243;n por impartir conferencias en eventos educacionales y&#47;o asesor&#237;a cient&#237;fica y&#47;o investigaci&#243;n de Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals&#59; 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Article information
ISSN: 03002896
Original language: Spanish
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