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Carta al Director
Síndrome de vena cava superior secundario a una forma focal idiopática de fibrosis mediastínica
Superior vena cava syndrome caused by an idiopathic localized form of mediastinal fibrosis
Luis Gorospe Sarasúaa,
Corresponding author
luisgorospe@yahoo.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, Carmen Picón Serranoa, Gemma María Muñoz Molinab
a Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España
b Servicio de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La fibrosis mediast&#237;nica &#40;FM&#41; es una de las causas benignas m&#225;s frecuentes de s&#237;ndrome de vena cava superior &#40;SVCS&#41; junto con la trombosis secundaria a dispositivos intravasculares &#40;v&#237;as centrales&#44; cables de marcapasos&#8230;&#41;&#46; No obstante&#44; la causa m&#225;s frecuente de SVCS contin&#250;a siendo las neoplasias malignas&#44; especialmente el carcinoma broncog&#233;nico&#46; En zonas end&#233;micas&#44; la FM es una complicaci&#243;n relativamente frecuente de las infecciones por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Histoplasma capsulatum</span>&#44; si bien en nuestro medio son m&#225;s frecuentes las formas idiop&#225;ticas&#44; las formas asociadas al dep&#243;sito de inmunoglobulina &#40;Ig&#41; G4 &#40;en el contexto de las enfermedades relacionadas con IgG4 como la fibrosis retroperitoneal o la tiroiditis fibrosante de Riedel&#41;&#44; o las formas secundarias a otras enfermedades granulomatosas como la tuberculosis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;4</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Presentamos el caso cl&#237;nico de un var&#243;n de 44 a&#241;os&#44; no fumador&#44; que acudi&#243; a nuestro hospital por presentar un cuadro cl&#237;nico progresivo de cefalea y edema facial y de extremidades superiores de un mes de evoluci&#243;n&#46; La radiograf&#237;a de t&#243;rax mostr&#243; un sutil ensanchamiento mediast&#237;nico paratraqueal derecho &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>A&#41; pero sin opacidades parenquimatosas ni derrame pleural&#46; En la exploraci&#243;n f&#237;sica &#250;nicamente destacaba una dilataci&#243;n de las venas del cuello y un edema facial y cervical&#46; En la tomograf&#237;a computarizada &#40;TC&#41; de t&#243;rax se confirm&#243; la existencia de una masa de partes blandas que englobaba circunferencialmente la VCS superior condicionando una estenosis severa de su luz &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>B&#41;&#46; No se observaban estigmas radiol&#243;gicos de una infecci&#243;n tuberculosa previa ni infiltraci&#243;n de otras estructuras mediast&#237;nicas ni pulmonares&#46; La prueba de tuberculina fue negativa y el paciente nunca hab&#237;a visitado pa&#237;ses de Am&#233;rica&#46; Los niveles s&#233;ricos de IgG4 fueron normales&#46; Se realiz&#243; un diagn&#243;stico de presunci&#243;n de una forma focal de FM&#44; la cual se confirm&#243; mediante mediastinoscopia&#46; El estudio histol&#243;gico mostr&#243; un tejido fibroso con agregados de c&#233;lulas inflamatorias cr&#243;nicas y abundantes haces de col&#225;geno&#44; sin signos de vasculitis ni granulomas&#46; El cultivo para hongos y micobacterias del material de biopsia fue negativo&#46; El paciente fue inicialmente tratado con corticoides sist&#233;micos y anticoagulaci&#243;n&#44; consiguiendo una mejor&#237;a cl&#237;nica progresiva&#46; Una nueva TC de control a las 4 semanas &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">C</span>&#41; demostr&#243; una mejor&#237;a radiol&#243;gica de la estenosis de la VCS&#44; por lo que tras consultar con los Servicios de Cirug&#237;a Tor&#225;cica y de Radiolog&#237;a Vascular&#44; se desestim&#243; colocar un <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">stent</span> o realizar un <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">bypass</span>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Creemos que nuestro caso es interesante porque ilustra la importancia de las pruebas de imagen en el diagn&#243;stico&#44; estudio de extensi&#243;n y seguimiento de un SVCS secundario a una forma focal idiop&#225;tica de FM con afectaci&#243;n exclusiva de la VCS&#46;</p></span>"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A&#41; Radiograf&#237;a de t&#243;rax en la que se observa un sutil ensanchamiento nodular del mediastino &#40;flecha&#41;&#46; No se visualizan opacidades parenquimatosas ni derrame pleural&#46; B&#41; Reconstrucci&#243;n coronal MIP &#40;proyecci&#243;n de m&#225;xima intensidad&#41; que confirma la existencia de una masa de partes blandas que engloba circunferencialmente la VCS condicionando una estenosis severa de su luz &#40;flechas&#41;&#46; C&#41; Reconstrucci&#243;n coronal MIP realizada 4 semanas tras el comienzo del tratamiento que muestra una mejor&#237;a de la estenosis de la VCS &#40;asterisco&#41;&#46;</p>"
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Article information
ISSN: 03002896
Original language: Spanish
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