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Carta al Director
Lesión intraluminal en la arteria pulmonar: un reto diagnóstico
Intraluminal lesion of the pulmonary artery: A diagnostic challenge
Stephnay Laguna Sanjuanelo
Corresponding author
, Jon Zabaleta, Borja Aguinagalde
Servicio de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, España
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las lesiones ocupantes de espacio intravascular de la arteria pulmonar ocurren de forma infrecuente y su diagn&#243;stico se ve retrasado ya que los datos cl&#237;nicos que las acompa&#241;an son inespec&#237;ficos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; Los tumores primarios que nacen de los vasos sangu&#237;neos sist&#233;micos son muy raros y los tumores originarios de la arteria pulmonar son a&#250;n m&#225;s extra&#241;os&#46; A continuaci&#243;n presentamos el primer caso descrito en la bibliograf&#237;a disponible de met&#225;stasis de c&#225;ncer microc&#237;tico de pulm&#243;n en el tronco de la arteria pulmonar&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mujer de 68 a&#241;os con antecedentes de neoplasia de colon&#44; tiroidea y carcinoma <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in situ</span> en epiglotis&#46; En junio de 2011 fue diagnosticada mediante fibrobroncoscopia de carcinoma microc&#237;tico de pulm&#243;n en el segmento anterior de l&#243;bulo superior izquierdo &#40;LSI&#41; tratado con 6 ciclos de CDDP-VP-16 y radioterapia &#40;RT&#41; tor&#225;cica y holocraneal &#40;acabando el tratamiento en noviembre de 2011&#41;&#46; En el estudio radiol&#243;gico se observ&#243; imagen ocupante de espacio en la arteria pulmonar izquierda sugestiva de trombo intramural &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#44; por lo que se realiz&#243; tratamiento con anticoagulante durante un a&#241;o&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En los controles radiol&#243;gicos se observ&#243; progresi&#243;n de la lesi&#243;n intraarterial&#44; valor&#225;ndose la posibilidad de un origen tumoral&#46; Debido a la localizaci&#243;n de la lesi&#243;n y la imposibilidad de tomar muestra histol&#243;gica a este nivel&#44; se decidi&#243; intervenci&#243;n quir&#250;rgica diagn&#243;stico-terap&#233;utica&#46; Se realiz&#243; neumonectom&#237;a izquierda con secci&#243;n arterial intraperic&#225;rdica con m&#225;rgenes libres de tumor&#46; El resultado de anatom&#237;a patol&#243;gica fue met&#225;stasis de carcinoma microc&#237;tico de pulm&#243;n con m&#225;rgenes de resecci&#243;n libres&#46; En el postoperatorio no present&#243; complicaciones intrator&#225;cicas&#46; Actualmente se encuentra en seguimiento por oncolog&#237;a m&#233;dica sin datos de recidiva de la enfermedad pulmonar&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Aunque las lesiones tumorales malignas intraarteriales de la arteria pulmonar son raras&#44; se deben realizar como diagn&#243;stico diferencial del embolismo pulmonar&#59; en un 50&#37; de los casos el diagn&#243;stico se realiza <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">postmortem</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#44; aunque con la mejora en las t&#233;cnicas diagn&#243;sticas de imagen el n&#250;mero de casos detectados va en aumento&#46; Shepard et al&#46; publicaron 4 casos de tumor intravascular localizados en la arteria pulmonar detectados en 14&#46;000 casos consecutivos de TC tor&#225;cicos&#44; y concluyeron que las im&#225;genes de ramas perif&#233;ricas de las arterias pulmonares dilatadas pueden ser altamente sugestivas de &#233;mbolos tumorales<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; En una revisi&#243;n de 1&#46;085 autopsias de pacientes con diagn&#243;stico conocido de tumores malignos s&#243;lidos&#44; se observ&#243; que los pacientes con met&#225;stasis que producen obstrucci&#243;n intraarterial ocurren con neoplasias que tienen acceso a venas de gran calibre como por ejemplo los hepatocarcinomas&#44; coriocarcinomas y carcinoma de c&#233;lulas renales<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En nuestro caso la sospecha de lesi&#243;n primaria se deriv&#243; en la lenta progresi&#243;n observada en los controles radiol&#243;gicos y se descart&#243; la posibilidad de recidiva tumoral debido a la estabilidad en la lesi&#243;n del LSI&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La localizaci&#243;n intraperic&#225;rdica de la lesi&#243;n acarreaba dificultades y un alto riesgo de sangrado para la obtenci&#243;n de una muestra histol&#243;gica&#46; Por ello se decidi&#243; intervenir quir&#250;rgicamente a la paciente y realizar una neumonectom&#237;a intraperic&#225;rdica dada la localizaci&#243;n de la lesi&#243;n&#46; La toma de decisiones en este caso represent&#243; un verdadero reto diagn&#243;stico y terap&#233;utico&#46;</p></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 03002896
Original language: Spanish
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