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Carta al Director
Seudomembrana traqueal inflamatoria
Inflammatory tracheal pseudomembrane
Maria del Sol Arenas-de Larriva
Corresponding author
arlam23@hotmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, Javier Cosano-Povedano, Andrés Cosano-Povedano
Unidad de Broncoscopias, Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, España
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hemos le&#237;do con gran inter&#233;s el art&#237;culo recientemente publicado por Crespo-Lessmann y Torrego-Fern&#225;ndez&#44; en el que se presentaba un paciente afecto de seudomembrana traqueal inflamatoria obstructiva &#40;en forma de tabique traqueal&#41; secundaria a episodios de intubaci&#243;n endotraqueal repetidos&#46; En dicho art&#237;culo&#44; los autores nos describen la total resoluci&#243;n del proceso mediante fisioterapia respiratoria y administraci&#243;n de antiinflamatorios &#40;glucocorticoides&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La seudomembrana fibrosa obstructiva es un proceso raro&#44; pero probablemente m&#225;s frecuente de lo que se reporta en la literatura&#46; Su origen radica en una isquemia de la mucosa traqueal&#44; habitualmente de origen iatrog&#233;nico&#44; que induce la producci&#243;n de factores de crecimiento y una regeneraci&#243;n an&#243;mala<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; El resultado es la formaci&#243;n de una membrana de consistencia fibrosa que oblitera parcialmente la luz traqueal&#44; y que puede llegar incluso a ocuparla en su totalidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; Tal y como afirman los autores estas lesiones adquiridas de tipo inflamatorio pueden resolverse de manera espont&#225;nea tras cierto periodo de tiempo&#46; Sin embargo&#44; es frecuente que se comprometa la v&#237;a a&#233;rea central&#44; en cuyo caso se hace imprescindible aplicar medidas endosc&#243;picas intervencionistas con rapidez&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Exponemos nuestra experiencia con un paciente var&#243;n de 69 a&#241;os no fumador intervenido quir&#250;rgicamente de hernia discal lumbar precisando para dicho procedimiento anestesia general e intubaci&#243;n orotraqueal&#46; El procedimiento se realiz&#243; con el paciente en dec&#250;bito prono lo que favoreci&#243; el aumento de presi&#243;n del manguito endotraqueal&#46; Durante el postoperatorio inmediato el paciente sufri&#243; una parada respiratoria y fue reintubado&#46; Se llev&#243; a cabo una broncoscopia flexible donde se evidenci&#243; una seudomembrana fibrinada en rodete&#44; parcialmente desprendida&#44; que estenosaba la luz traqueal en todo su tercio superior &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a> A&#41;&#46; En la misma exploraci&#243;n se retir&#243; con pinzas de biopsia un fragmento de aproximadamente 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm que provocaba efecto v&#225;lvula&#44; lo cual podr&#237;a haber provocado la parada respiratoria del paciente&#46; Para obtener un mejor control de la v&#237;a a&#233;rea al extraer la seudomembrana se decidi&#243; realizar una broncoscopia r&#237;gida donde se extrajo en bloque la lesi&#243;n traqueal mediante el bisel del traqueoscopio &#40;EFER-DUMON<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> calibre 14<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a> B&#41;&#46; Tras ello&#44; el paciente evolucion&#243; favorablemente pudiendo extubarse a las pocas horas &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a> C&#41;&#46; En el caso presentado por Crespo-Lessmann y Torrego-Fern&#225;ndez<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#44; el tabique traqueal podr&#237;a corresponder en su origen a un fragmento de una seudomembrana circunferencial&#46; En ese caso el car&#225;cter evolucionado del cuadro en su presentaci&#243;n pudo haber permitido un tratamiento conservador&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Por tanto&#44; el diagn&#243;stico endosc&#243;pico de seudomembrana traqueal obstructiva debe realizarse lo m&#225;s precozmente posible tras la sospecha cl&#237;nica&#46; Ser&#237;a aconsejable un seguimiento endosc&#243;pico en aquellos pacientes que hayan requerido intubaciones endotraqueales prolongadas o reiteradas&#46; Las complicaciones respiratorias graves son frecuentes por lo que la terap&#233;utica endosc&#243;pica es requerida en la mayor&#237;a de los casos reportados en la literatura<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a>&#46; Tan solo en pacientes muy seleccionados puede optarse por una actitud conservadora&#44; pero la monitorizaci&#243;n del paciente debe ser estrecha &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 03002896
Original language: Spanish
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