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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Presentamos el caso de un var&#243;n de 74<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os que acude a urgencias en noviembre de 2012 por expectoraci&#243;n hemoptoica con expulsi&#243;n de &#171;cuerpo extra&#241;o&#187; s&#243;lido de aspecto carnoso&#46; En los d&#237;as previos refer&#237;a sensaci&#243;n de sibilancias autolimitadas&#44; sin disnea&#46; Antecedentes&#58; no h&#225;bitos t&#243;xicos&#44; neumon&#237;a en 2003 que precis&#243; ingreso y lobectom&#237;a superior derecha por tumor carcinoide bronquial t&#237;pico en abril de 2008&#46; Sigue controles y revisiones peri&#243;dicas sin evidencia de recidiva&#46; Exploraci&#243;n&#58; sibilancias en hemit&#243;rax derecho&#44; sin otros hallazgos&#46; En la anal&#237;tica destaca&#58; hemoglobina 11&#44;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dl&#44; resto de par&#225;metros normales&#46; En la radiograf&#237;a de t&#243;rax se apreciaba p&#233;rdida de volumen en hemit&#243;rax derecho por lobectom&#237;a superior derecha&#44; sin cambios respecto a las previas&#46; En la TC toracoabdominal se observaron lesiones polipoides en el bronquio principal derecho y en el mu&#241;&#243;n del bronquio lobar superior derecho&#46; Broncoscopia&#58; restos hem&#225;ticos con varias lesiones redondeadas&#44; hipervascularizadas&#44; milim&#233;tricas&#44; en el tercio inferior de la tr&#225;quea&#44; en la pared anterolateral derecha y anterior del bronquio principal derecho&#44; por encima de la salida del lobar medio&#59; carina principal y &#225;rbol bronquial izquierdo normales&#59; masa lobulada en la zona del mu&#241;&#243;n de lobectom&#237;a superior derecha&#44; sugestivas de tumor carcinoide &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; La biopsia bronquial fue informada como tumor neuroendocrino bien diferenciado tipo carcinoide con patr&#243;n de crecimiento organoide&#44; sin identificar focos de necrosis&#44; pero bas&#225;ndose en el &#237;ndice de proliferaci&#243;n del 70&#37;&#44; corresponde a un carcinoma de alto grado&#46; Inmunohistoqu&#237;mica&#58; Ki 67&#40;&#43;&#41; en el 70&#37; de las c&#233;lulas tumorales&#44; sinaptofisina intensamente positiva&#46; Para completar el estudio de extensi&#243;n se solicit&#243; una gammagraf&#237;a con octre&#243;tido que no evidenci&#243; captaciones patol&#243;gicas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En Cirug&#237;a Tor&#225;cica se realiz&#243; escisi&#243;n local de tejido tumoral y coagulaci&#243;n con arg&#243;n de las lesiones&#44; excepto la infiltraci&#243;n m&#225;s distal del bronquio derecho e intermediario&#46; Posteriormente recibi&#243; tratamiento quimioter&#225;pico sist&#233;mico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El tumor carcinoide es una neoplasia maligna de estirpe neuroendocrina originada en las c&#233;lulas basales glandulares enterocromafines &#40;Kulchitsky&#41;&#46; Las localizaciones m&#225;s frecuentes son la gastrointestinal &#40;55&#37;&#41; y la pulmonar &#40;30&#37;&#41;&#46; En esta&#44; la endobronquial en el bronquio principal o lobar &#40;70&#37;&#41;&#46; Histol&#243;gicamente se subclasifica en carcinoide t&#237;pico &#40;crecimiento muy lento y 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>veces m&#225;s frecuente&#41; y at&#237;pico en funci&#243;n del n&#250;mero de mitosis por campo y presencia de necrosis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Suele ser asintom&#225;tico o bien sangrar u obstruir produciendo tos&#44; sibilancias&#44; dolor tor&#225;cico o neumon&#237;a recurrente&#46; Solo el 5&#37; secretan sustancias vasoactivas responsables del s&#237;ndrome carcinoide&#46; Se diagnostica mediante radiograf&#237;a de t&#243;rax&#44; TC y broncoscopia&#46; Para la estadificaci&#243;n se utiliza RNM y gammagraf&#237;a con somatostatina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El tratamiento es cirug&#237;a radical &#40;de elecci&#243;n&#41;&#44; escisi&#243;n endobronquial &#40;l&#225;ser&#41;&#44; an&#225;logos de somatostatina&#44; interfer&#243;n alfa&#44; quimioterapia&#44; radioterapia&#46; La supervivencia a los 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os es&#58; t&#237;pico&#44; del 82-87&#37;&#44; y at&#237;pico&#44; del 56-75&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lo llamativo de este caso es que&#44; a pesar de la edad tard&#237;a de inicio &#40;69<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os&#41;&#44; se consider&#243; carcinoide t&#237;pico con aparici&#243;n de recidiva local tras m&#225;s de 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os libre de enfermedad&#46; En ella no presentaba necrosis pero s&#237; un alto &#237;ndice de mitosis&#44; por tanto finalmente se diagnostic&#243; como carcinoide at&#237;pico&#46; La localizaci&#243;n central de la recidiva impide realizar un tratamiento radical&#46; 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Carta al Director
Recidiva local de tumor carcinoide bronquial
Local Recurrence of a Bronchial Carcinoid Tumour
Emilio Antonio Santalla Valle
Corresponding author
emansanva@hotmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, Silvia García, María Beatriz Cartón
Sección de Neumología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, León, España
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En la radiograf&#237;a de t&#243;rax se apreciaba p&#233;rdida de volumen en hemit&#243;rax derecho por lobectom&#237;a superior derecha&#44; sin cambios respecto a las previas&#46; En la TC toracoabdominal se observaron lesiones polipoides en el bronquio principal derecho y en el mu&#241;&#243;n del bronquio lobar superior derecho&#46; Broncoscopia&#58; restos hem&#225;ticos con varias lesiones redondeadas&#44; hipervascularizadas&#44; milim&#233;tricas&#44; en el tercio inferior de la tr&#225;quea&#44; en la pared anterolateral derecha y anterior del bronquio principal derecho&#44; por encima de la salida del lobar medio&#59; carina principal y &#225;rbol bronquial izquierdo normales&#59; masa lobulada en la zona del mu&#241;&#243;n de lobectom&#237;a superior derecha&#44; sugestivas de tumor carcinoide &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; La biopsia bronquial fue informada como tumor neuroendocrino bien diferenciado tipo carcinoide con patr&#243;n de crecimiento organoide&#44; sin identificar focos de necrosis&#44; pero bas&#225;ndose en el &#237;ndice de proliferaci&#243;n del 70&#37;&#44; corresponde a un carcinoma de alto grado&#46; Inmunohistoqu&#237;mica&#58; Ki 67&#40;&#43;&#41; en el 70&#37; de las c&#233;lulas tumorales&#44; sinaptofisina intensamente positiva&#46; Para completar el estudio de extensi&#243;n se solicit&#243; una gammagraf&#237;a con octre&#243;tido que no evidenci&#243; captaciones patol&#243;gicas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En Cirug&#237;a Tor&#225;cica se realiz&#243; escisi&#243;n local de tejido tumoral y coagulaci&#243;n con arg&#243;n de las lesiones&#44; excepto la infiltraci&#243;n m&#225;s distal del bronquio derecho e intermediario&#46; Posteriormente recibi&#243; tratamiento quimioter&#225;pico sist&#233;mico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El tumor carcinoide es una neoplasia maligna de estirpe neuroendocrina originada en las c&#233;lulas basales glandulares enterocromafines &#40;Kulchitsky&#41;&#46; Las localizaciones m&#225;s frecuentes son la gastrointestinal &#40;55&#37;&#41; y la pulmonar &#40;30&#37;&#41;&#46; En esta&#44; la endobronquial en el bronquio principal o lobar &#40;70&#37;&#41;&#46; Histol&#243;gicamente se subclasifica en carcinoide t&#237;pico &#40;crecimiento muy lento y 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>veces m&#225;s frecuente&#41; y at&#237;pico en funci&#243;n del n&#250;mero de mitosis por campo y presencia de necrosis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Suele ser asintom&#225;tico o bien sangrar u obstruir produciendo tos&#44; sibilancias&#44; dolor tor&#225;cico o neumon&#237;a recurrente&#46; Solo el 5&#37; secretan sustancias vasoactivas responsables del s&#237;ndrome carcinoide&#46; Se diagnostica mediante radiograf&#237;a de t&#243;rax&#44; TC y broncoscopia&#46; Para la estadificaci&#243;n se utiliza RNM y gammagraf&#237;a con somatostatina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El tratamiento es cirug&#237;a radical &#40;de elecci&#243;n&#41;&#44; escisi&#243;n endobronquial &#40;l&#225;ser&#41;&#44; an&#225;logos de somatostatina&#44; interfer&#243;n alfa&#44; quimioterapia&#44; radioterapia&#46; La supervivencia a los 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os es&#58; t&#237;pico&#44; del 82-87&#37;&#44; y at&#237;pico&#44; del 56-75&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lo llamativo de este caso es que&#44; a pesar de la edad tard&#237;a de inicio &#40;69<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os&#41;&#44; se consider&#243; carcinoide t&#237;pico con aparici&#243;n de recidiva local tras m&#225;s de 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os libre de enfermedad&#46; En ella no presentaba necrosis pero s&#237; un alto &#237;ndice de mitosis&#44; por tanto finalmente se diagnostic&#243; como carcinoide at&#237;pico&#46; La localizaci&#243;n central de la recidiva impide realizar un tratamiento radical&#46; Actualmente el paciente se encuentra asintom&#225;tico&#44; realiza una vida normal y sigue revisiones&#46;</p></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 03002896
Original language: Spanish
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