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en el estudio a 112 pacientes con indicaci&#243;n de tromboprofilaxis farmacol&#243;gica por enfermedad respiratoria aguda que ingresaron en el Servicio de Neumolog&#237;a del Hospital Ram&#243;n y Cajal entre enero y diciembre de 2006&#46; Sus caracter&#237;sticas basales se recogen en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#t0005">tabla I</a>&#46; La edad media de los pacientes era de 72 a&#241;os y un 25&#37; ten&#237;a m&#225;s de 80 a&#241;os&#46; La mayor&#237;a eran varones&#46; El 21&#37; presentaba obesidad y el 9&#37; insuficiencia renal &#40;concentraci&#243;n de creatinina s&#233;rica &#62; 1&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl&#41; en el momento del ingreso&#46; La duraci&#243;n media de la tromboprofilaxis fue de 7 d&#237;as&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="t0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="s0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0050">Actividad anti-Xa</span><p id="p0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De los 112 pacientes&#44; 62 &#40;55&#37;&#41; presentaban una actividad anti-Xa inferior a la adecuada para tromboprofilaxis&#46; La actividad anti-Xa media &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#t0010">tabla II</a>&#41; fue significativamente inferior en el cuartil de los pacientes con mayor IMC &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;&#46; Esta relaci&#243;n se mantuvo cuando la cohorte se dividi&#243; en deciles de IMC&#44; sin evidenciarse una relaci&#243;n en forma de U &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="t0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="f0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="p0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#218;nicamente el IMC se asoci&#243; de forma estad&#237;sticamente significativa a la actividad anti-Xa <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;odds ratio</span> &#61; 1&#44;14&#59; intervalo de confianza del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;05-1&#44;24&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;002&#41;&#44; una vez ajustado en funci&#243;n de la edad&#44; el sexo y la creatinina s&#233;rica&#46;</p></span><span id="s0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0055">Episodios tromb&#243;ticos y hemorr&#225;gicos</span><p id="p0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No se produjo ninguna hemorragia mayor durante el per&#237;odo de seguimiento&#46; Se registraron 2 episodios sintom&#225;ticos de trombosis venosa profunda proximal en el mes posterior al ingreso hospitalario&#44; ambos en pacientes con actividad anti-Xa insuficiente&#46;</p></span></span><span id="s0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0060">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="p0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De este estudio se derivan 2 hallazgos fundamentales&#46; En primer lugar&#44; la actividad anti-Xa de la enoxaparina est&#225; inversamente relacionada con el IMC de los pacientes que reciben tromboprofilaxis por un proceso respiratorio agudo&#46; En segundo lugar&#44; la actividad anti-Xa es inferior a la que se considera profil&#225;ctica cuando el IMC est&#225; por encima de 26<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#46;</p><p id="p0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La relaci&#243;n entre los par&#225;metros farmacocin&#233;ticos de las HBPM y el peso corporal ya era conocida en el tratamiento de la ETEV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; esta relaci&#243;n se ha estudiado menos en los pacientes m&#233;dicos que reciben tromboprofilaxis farmacol&#243;gica&#46; Nuestros resultados indican que la actividad anti-Xa de la enoxaparina administrada como profilaxis antitromb&#243;tica a los pacientes m&#233;dicos ingresados depende del peso corporal&#46; Estos resultados son similares a los de 2 estudios publicados previamente sobre profilaxis de pacientes quir&#250;rgicos obesos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> y de pacientes ingresados en unidades de cuidados intensivos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; esta correlaci&#243;n estad&#237;sticamente significativa no se traduce necesariamente en un efecto cl&#237;nico relevante&#46;</p><p id="p0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los estudios cl&#237;nicos han mostrado resultados contradictorios sobre la correlaci&#243;n de la actividad anti-Xa y los eventos cl&#237;nicos de los pacientes en quienes se han empleado HBPM para la profilaxis o el tratamiento de la ETEV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bb0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#8211;28</span></a>&#46; Levine et al<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> encontraron una asociaci&#243;n significativa entre la actividad anti-Xa y la incidencia de trombosis venosa profunda&#44; detectada por venograf&#237;a&#44; o hematomas de la herida quir&#250;rgica en pacientes a los que se administr&#243; tromboprofilaxis por cirug&#237;a de pr&#243;tesis de cadera&#46; Otros autores han demostrado asociaciones m&#225;s d&#233;biles en la profilaxis de cirug&#237;a general<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bb0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25&#44;26</span></a>&#44; y en algunos estudios no se ha encontrado ninguna correlaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bb0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;29</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="p0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nuestro estudio presenta algunas limitaciones que deben tenerse en cuenta&#46; Los rangos de actividad anti-Xa de la enoxaparina para profilaxis y tratamiento de la ETEV no se han validado en estudios prospectivos&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; la serie estudiada fue peque&#241;a y se produjeron pocos eventos cl&#237;nicos&#46; En este sentido&#44; no pudo determinarse si la menor actividad anti-Xa en pacientes obesos se traduce en un aumento del riesgo tromb&#243;tico en estos pacientes&#46; Finalmente&#44; en la mayor&#237;a de los pacientes del estudio la funci&#243;n renal era normal&#44; y nuestros resultados no son generalizables para pacientes con disminuci&#243;n del aclaramiento de creatinina&#46;</p><p id="p0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En conclusi&#243;n&#44; la actividad anti-Xa de la enoxaparina depende del IMC en los pacientes que reciben tromboprofilaxis por un proceso m&#233;dico agudo&#46; Se requieren estudios bien dise&#241;ados para analizar si este hallazgo implica un aumento de la incidencia de episodios tromb&#243;ticos en este grupo de pacientes&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        2 => array:2 [
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          "titulo" => "Pacientes y m&#233;todos"
          "secciones" => array:5 [
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              "titulo" => "Dise&#241;o&#44; pacientes y criterios de selecci&#243;n"
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            1 => array:2 [
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              "titulo" => "Intervenciones"
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            2 => array:2 [
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              "titulo" => "Actividad anti-Xa"
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            3 => array:2 [
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              "titulo" => "Episodios analizados"
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            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "s0050"
              "titulo" => "Actividad anti-Xa"
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            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "s0055"
              "titulo" => "Episodios tromb&#243;ticos y hemorr&#225;gicos"
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          "titulo" => "Discusi&#243;n"
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          "titulo" => "Bibliograf&#237;a"
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    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2007-10-17"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2008-03-05"
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          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
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          "palabras" => array:3 [
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            1 => "Tromboprofilaxis"
            2 => "Proceso m&#233;dico agudo"
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      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Key words"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec153438"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Enoxaparin"
            1 => "Thromboprophylaxis"
            2 => "Acute medical condition"
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    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="sp0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se recomienda la tromboprofilaxis con heparina de bajo peso molecular a dosis fijas en pacientes m&#233;dicos agudos que requieran ingreso hospitalario&#46; El objetivo de este estudio ha sido determinar si la actividad antifactor Xa de la enoxaparina depende del peso corporal cuando se administra a pacientes hospitalizados por un proceso respiratorio agudo como profilaxis de la enfermedad tromboemb&#243;lica venosa&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y m&#233;todos</span><p id="sp0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluy&#243; prospectivamente en el estudio a todos los pacientes ingresados en el Servicio de Neumolog&#237;a entre enero y diciembre de 2006 por un proceso respiratorio agudo con indicaci&#243;n de tromboprofilaxis farmacol&#243;gica&#46; Se determin&#243; la actividad anti-Xa 4 h despu&#233;s de la administraci&#243;n de la enoxaparina&#44; en el tercer d&#237;a de ingreso hospitalario&#46; El criterio de evaluaci&#243;n principal fue la actividad anti-Xa en funci&#243;n del &#237;ndice de masa corporal &#40;IMC&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="sp0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluy&#243; a 112 pacientes en el estudio&#46; La actividad anti-Xa media disminuy&#243; a medida que aumentaban los cuartiles de IMC &#40;0&#44;28&#44; 0&#44;23&#44; 0&#44;15 y 0&#44;13 U&#47;ml para los cuartiles 1&#44; 2&#44; 3 y 4&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46; En el an&#225;lisis multivariable&#44; el IMC fue la &#250;nica variable predictora de actividad anti-Xa insuficiente &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span> &#61; 1&#44;14&#59; intervalo de confianza del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;05-1&#44;24&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;002&#41;&#44; despu&#233;s de ajustar por la edad&#44; el sexo y la creatinina s&#233;rica&#46; Hubo 2 episodios sintom&#225;ticos de trombosis venosa profunda proximal en el mes posterior al ingreso hospitalario&#44; ambos en pacientes con actividad anti-Xa insuficiente&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="sp0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La actividad anti-Xa de la enoxaparina depende del IMC en los pacientes que reciben tromboprofilaxis por un proceso m&#233;dico agudo que requiera hospitalizaci&#243;n&#46;</p>"
      ]
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="sp0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Thromboprophylaxis with a fixed dose of lowmolecular- weight heparin is recommended for hospitalized acutely ill medical patients&#46; The purpose of this study was to assess whether the anti-factor Xa &#40;anti-Xa&#41; activity of enoxaparin prescribed for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis depends on body mass index &#40;BMI&#41; in patients hospitalized for an acute respiratory disease&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and methods</span><p id="sp0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">All patients admitted to the respiratory medicine department &#40;January-December 2006&#41; for an acute respiratory disease&#44; and for whom pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis was indicated&#44; were included in the study&#46; Anti-Xa activity was measured 4 hours after administration of enoxaparin on the third day of hospitalization&#46; The primary outcome was anti-Xa activity in relation to BMI&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="sp0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">One hundred twelve patients were enrolled&#46; Mean anti-Xa activity decreased with each BMI quartile &#40;0&#46;28&#44; 0&#46;23&#44; 0&#46;15&#44; and 0&#46;13 U&#47;mL for quartiles 1&#44; 2&#44; 3&#44; and 4&#44; respectively&#41;&#46; In the multivariate analysis&#44; BMI was the only predictor of inadequate anti-Xa activity &#40;odds ratio&#44; 1&#46;14&#59; 95&#37; confidence interval&#44; 10&#46;5-1&#46;24&#59; P&#60;&#46;002&#41; after adjustment for age&#44; sex&#44; and serum creatinine levels&#46; Two episodes of symptomatic proximal deep vein thrombosis were diagnosed in the month after hospitalization&#59; both occurred in patients who had inadequate anti-Xa activity&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="sp0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Anti-Xa activity is dependent on BMI in hospitalized acute medical patients receiving enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis&#46;</p>"
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        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Trabajo financiado con una beca de la Sociedad Neumomadrid&#46;</p>"
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          "es" => "<p id="sp0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Actividad anti-Xa en funci&#243;n de los deciles de &#237;ndice de masa corporal &#40;IMC&#41;&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Edad &#40;a&#241;os&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Media &#177; DE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">72 &#177; 13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mediana&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Sexo&#58; mujer&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mediana&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hipertensi&#243;n arterial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">68 &#40;61&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diabetes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22 &#40;20&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>C&#225;ncer&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">18 &#40;16&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Medicaci&#243;n concomitante&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Antiagregantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32 &#40;29&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Esteroides&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">75 &#40;67&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Antiinflamatorios no esteroideos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Duraci&#243;n de la profilaxis &#40;d&#237;as&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Media &#177; DE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#177; 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mediana&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "es" => "<p id="sp0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracter&#237;sticas basales de los 112 pacientes estudiados</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IMC &#40;kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cuartil 2 &#40;23&#44;04-25&#44;95&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">N&#46;&#176; de pacientes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Edad &#40;a&#241;os&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">72 &#177; 14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">76 &#177; 12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">70 &#177; 13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">71 &#177; 14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Sexo&#58; mujer&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;28&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;14&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;31&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;29&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Funci&#243;n renal &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;19 &#177; 0&#44;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;22 &#177; 0&#44;43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;08 &#177; 0&#44;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;13 &#177; 0&#44;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Actividad anti-Xa &#40;U&#47;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;28 &#177; 0&#44;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;23 &#177; 0&#44;35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;15 &#177; 0&#44;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;13 &#177; 0&#44;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "es" => "<p id="sp0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Actividad anti-Xa media en funci&#243;n de los cuartiles de &#237;ndice de masa corporal &#40;IMC&#41;</p>"
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      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliograf&#237;a"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bs0010"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:29 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bb0005"
              "etiqueta" => "1&#46;"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "H&#46; B&#252;ller"
                            1 => "G&#46; Agnellli"
                            2 => "R&#46;D&#46; Hull"
                            3 => "T&#46;M&#46; Hyers"
                            4 => "M&#46;H&#46; Prins"
                            5 => "G&#46;E&#46; Raskob"
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                    ]
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                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1378/chest.126.3_suppl.401S"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Chest"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "126"
                        "paginaInicial" => "401S"
                        "paginaFinal" => "408S"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15383479"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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                  ]
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            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bb0010"
              "etiqueta" => "2&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effect of patient weight on the anticoagulant response to adjusted therapeutic dosage of low-molecular-weight heparin for the treatment of venous thromboembolism"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Jo-Anne Wilson"
                            1 => "K&#46; Wilbur"
                            2 => "E&#46; Burton"
                            3 => "D&#46;R&#46; Anderson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "48043"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Haemostasis"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "31"
                        "paginaInicial" => "42"
                        "paginaFinal" => "48"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11408748"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bb0015"
              "etiqueta" => "3&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A comparison of enoxaparin with placebo for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in acutely ill medical patients&#46; Prophylaxis in Medical Patients with Enoxaparin Study Group"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46;M&#46; Samama"
                            1 => "A&#46;T&#46; Cohen"
                            2 => "J&#46;Y&#46; Darmon"
                            3 => "L&#46; Desjardins"
                            4 => "A&#46; Eldor"
                            5 => "C&#46; Janbon"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM199909093411103"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "341"
                        "paginaInicial" => "793"
                        "paginaFinal" => "800"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10477777"
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ORIGINALES
La actividad anti-Xa depende del peso en pacientes médicos que reciben tromboprofilaxis con enoxaparina
Anti-factor Xa Activity of Enoxaparin for Thromboprophylaxis in Nonsurgical Patients Is Dependent on Body Mass
David Jiméneza,
Corresponding author
djc_69_98@yahoo.com

Dr. D. Jiménez. Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Ramón y Cajal. Ctra. de Colmenar, km 9.100. 28034 Madrid. España.
, Gema Díaza, Ana Iglesiasb, Jesús Césarb, Ángel García-Avellob, David Martíca, Carlos Escobarc, Rafael Vidala, Antonio Sueiroa
a Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Ramón y Cajal. Madrid. España
b Servicio de Hematología. Hospital Ramón y Cajal. Madrid. España
c Unidad de Ecocardiografía. Servicio de Cardiología. Hospital Ramón y Cajal. Madrid. España
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          "es" => "<p id="sp0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Actividad anti-Xa en funci&#243;n de los deciles de &#237;ndice de masa corporal &#40;IMC&#41;&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="s0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0005">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="p0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las heparinas de bajo peso molecular &#40;HBPM&#41; se han convertido en el tratamiento de elecci&#243;n de los pacientes con enfermedad tromboemb&#243;lica venosa &#40;ETEV&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; El pico de actividad antifactor Xa se produce de 3 a 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h despu&#233;s de una inyecci&#243;n subcut&#225;nea y&#44; a diferencia de la heparina no fraccionada&#44; su eficacia y seguridad se basan en su acci&#243;n predecible cuando se utilizan dosis ajustadas al peso del paciente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="p0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dos ensayos cl&#237;nicos han demostrado que los pacientes m&#233;dicos con enfermedad aguda que requieren ingreso hospitalario presentan un riesgo de ETEV no despreciable y que la administraci&#243;n de una dosis fija de HBPM &#40;independiente del peso&#41; reduce de manera significativa este riesgo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bb0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a>&#46; En ambos estudios el beneficio de la tromboprofilaxis farmacol&#243;gica no se mantuvo en el subgrupo de pacientes obesos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bb0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a>&#46; Aunque una proporci&#243;n significativa de pacientes m&#233;dicos no recibe tromboprofilaxis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#44; la mayor&#237;a de los episodios tromb&#243;ticos se producen en pacientes en quienes fracasa la tromboprofilaxis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="p0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las HBPM tienen un efecto limitado en la prolongaci&#243;n del tiempo de tromboplastina parcial activado<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bb0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#8211;11</span></a>&#44; y no se recomienda el uso de &#233;ste para el seguimiento de su actividad&#46; El m&#233;todo recomendado para comprobar la respuesta anticoagulante de las HBPM es la medici&#243;n de la actividad anti-Xa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46; Se ha propuesto realizar el seguimiento de estos valores en los pacientes obesos&#44; en aqu&#233;llos con insuficiencia renal y en las embarazadas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bb0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#8211;16</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="p0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#201;ste es el motivo por el que hemos realizado un estudio farmacocin&#233;tico en pacientes con enfermedad respiratoria ingresados a los que se administr&#243; enoxaparina como tromboprofilaxis&#44; para estimar tanto la actividad anti-Xa como su variabilidad en funci&#243;n del peso e identificar los factores responsables de dicha variabilidad&#46;</p></span><span id="s0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0010">Pacientes y m&#233;todos</span><span id="s0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0015">Dise&#241;o&#44; pacientes y criterios de selecci&#243;n</span><p id="p0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se trata de un estudio prospectivo de cohorte&#44; realizado en un hospital terciario universitario entre enero y diciembre de 2006&#46; Se incluy&#243; en &#233;l a todos los pacientes ingresados en el Servicio de Neumolog&#237;a por una enfermedad respiratoria aguda que requirieron enoxaparina para profilaxis de ETEV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#46; Se excluy&#243; a aqu&#233;llos con indicaci&#243;n de tratamiento anticoagulante curativo o con cualquier contraindicaci&#243;n para el uso de dosis profil&#225;cticas de HBPM &#40;hemorragia activa o riesgo alto de hemorragia&#41;&#46; El estudio fue aprobado por el Comit&#233; &#201;tico del hospital y todos los pacientes dieron su consentimiento para participar en &#233;l&#46;</p></span><span id="s0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0020">Intervenciones</span><p id="p0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se administr&#243; a los pacientes enoxaparina subcut&#225;nea &#40;Clexane&#174;&#44; Sanofi-Aventis&#44; Espa&#241;a&#41; en dosis de 40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg al d&#237;a durante una media &#177; desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar de 10 &#177; 4 d&#237;as&#46; La actividad anti-Xa se determin&#243; 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h despu&#233;s de la administraci&#243;n de la enoxaparina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> el tercer d&#237;a de ingreso hospitalario&#46; No se realiz&#243; ning&#250;n ajuste de dosis en funci&#243;n de los valores de anti-Xa&#46;</p></span><span id="s0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0025">Actividad anti-Xa</span><p id="p0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las muestras de sangre se recogieron en un tubo citratado&#44; se centrifugaron a 2&#46;000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g durante 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min y se almacenaron a &#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#46; La actividad anti-Xa se midi&#243; con el reactivo Berichrom&#174; &#40;Dade-Behring&#44; Liederbach&#44; Alemania&#41;&#46; Se estableci&#243; como rango de actividad anti-Xa profil&#225;ctica entre 0&#44;2 y 0&#44;6 U&#47;ml&#44; y como rango de actividad terap&#233;utica entre 0&#44;6 y 1&#44;0 U&#47;ml<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bb0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#8211;20</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="s0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0030">Episodios analizados</span><p id="p0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se defini&#243; como par&#225;metro de valoraci&#243;n principal la actividad anti-Xa en funci&#243;n del &#237;ndice de masa corporal &#40;IMC&#41;&#46; El par&#225;metro secundario fueron los episodios tromb&#243;ticos sintom&#225;ticos que se confirmaron objetivamente y las hemorragias mayores en el mes posterior al ingreso hospitalario&#46;</p></span><span id="s0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0035">A n&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico</span><p id="p0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las variables continuas se expresaron como media &#177; desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar y se compararon con el test de la t de Student para datos emparejados y no emparejados&#46; Las variables categ&#243;ricas&#44; que se expresaron como porcentajes&#44; se compararon con la prueba de la &#967;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#44; o bien con el test exacto de Fisher en caso necesario&#46; En el an&#225;lisis multivariado se utiliz&#243; un modelo de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica que incluy&#243; el IMC&#44; la edad&#44; el sexo y los valores de creatinina s&#233;rica&#46; Los valores de p &#60; 0&#44;05 se consideraron estad&#237;sticamente significativos&#46; El an&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico se realiz&#243; con el paquete estad&#237;stico SPSS para Windows&#44; versi&#243;n 13 &#40;SPSS Inc&#46;&#44; Chicago&#44; Illinois&#44; EE&#46;UU&#46;&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="s0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0040">Resultados</span><span id="s0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0045">Pacientes</span><p id="p0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se incluy&#243; en el estudio a 112 pacientes con indicaci&#243;n de tromboprofilaxis farmacol&#243;gica por enfermedad respiratoria aguda que ingresaron en el Servicio de Neumolog&#237;a del Hospital Ram&#243;n y Cajal entre enero y diciembre de 2006&#46; Sus caracter&#237;sticas basales se recogen en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#t0005">tabla I</a>&#46; La edad media de los pacientes era de 72 a&#241;os y un 25&#37; ten&#237;a m&#225;s de 80 a&#241;os&#46; La mayor&#237;a eran varones&#46; El 21&#37; presentaba obesidad y el 9&#37; insuficiencia renal &#40;concentraci&#243;n de creatinina s&#233;rica &#62; 1&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl&#41; en el momento del ingreso&#46; La duraci&#243;n media de la tromboprofilaxis fue de 7 d&#237;as&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="t0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="s0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0050">Actividad anti-Xa</span><p id="p0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De los 112 pacientes&#44; 62 &#40;55&#37;&#41; presentaban una actividad anti-Xa inferior a la adecuada para tromboprofilaxis&#46; La actividad anti-Xa media &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#t0010">tabla II</a>&#41; fue significativamente inferior en el cuartil de los pacientes con mayor IMC &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;&#46; Esta relaci&#243;n se mantuvo cuando la cohorte se dividi&#243; en deciles de IMC&#44; sin evidenciarse una relaci&#243;n en forma de U &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="t0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="f0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="p0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#218;nicamente el IMC se asoci&#243; de forma estad&#237;sticamente significativa a la actividad anti-Xa <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;odds ratio</span> &#61; 1&#44;14&#59; intervalo de confianza del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;05-1&#44;24&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;002&#41;&#44; una vez ajustado en funci&#243;n de la edad&#44; el sexo y la creatinina s&#233;rica&#46;</p></span><span id="s0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0055">Episodios tromb&#243;ticos y hemorr&#225;gicos</span><p id="p0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No se produjo ninguna hemorragia mayor durante el per&#237;odo de seguimiento&#46; Se registraron 2 episodios sintom&#225;ticos de trombosis venosa profunda proximal en el mes posterior al ingreso hospitalario&#44; ambos en pacientes con actividad anti-Xa insuficiente&#46;</p></span></span><span id="s0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0060">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="p0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De este estudio se derivan 2 hallazgos fundamentales&#46; En primer lugar&#44; la actividad anti-Xa de la enoxaparina est&#225; inversamente relacionada con el IMC de los pacientes que reciben tromboprofilaxis por un proceso respiratorio agudo&#46; En segundo lugar&#44; la actividad anti-Xa es inferior a la que se considera profil&#225;ctica cuando el IMC est&#225; por encima de 26<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#46;</p><p id="p0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La relaci&#243;n entre los par&#225;metros farmacocin&#233;ticos de las HBPM y el peso corporal ya era conocida en el tratamiento de la ETEV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; esta relaci&#243;n se ha estudiado menos en los pacientes m&#233;dicos que reciben tromboprofilaxis farmacol&#243;gica&#46; Nuestros resultados indican que la actividad anti-Xa de la enoxaparina administrada como profilaxis antitromb&#243;tica a los pacientes m&#233;dicos ingresados depende del peso corporal&#46; Estos resultados son similares a los de 2 estudios publicados previamente sobre profilaxis de pacientes quir&#250;rgicos obesos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> y de pacientes ingresados en unidades de cuidados intensivos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; esta correlaci&#243;n estad&#237;sticamente significativa no se traduce necesariamente en un efecto cl&#237;nico relevante&#46;</p><p id="p0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los estudios cl&#237;nicos han mostrado resultados contradictorios sobre la correlaci&#243;n de la actividad anti-Xa y los eventos cl&#237;nicos de los pacientes en quienes se han empleado HBPM para la profilaxis o el tratamiento de la ETEV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bb0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#8211;28</span></a>&#46; Levine et al<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bb0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> encontraron una asociaci&#243;n significativa entre la actividad anti-Xa y la incidencia de trombosis venosa profunda&#44; detectada por venograf&#237;a&#44; o hematomas de la herida quir&#250;rgica en pacientes a los que se administr&#243; tromboprofilaxis por cirug&#237;a de pr&#243;tesis de cadera&#46; Otros autores han demostrado asociaciones m&#225;s d&#233;biles en la profilaxis de cirug&#237;a general<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bb0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25&#44;26</span></a>&#44; y en algunos estudios no se ha encontrado ninguna correlaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bb0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;29</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="p0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nuestro estudio presenta algunas limitaciones que deben tenerse en cuenta&#46; Los rangos de actividad anti-Xa de la enoxaparina para profilaxis y tratamiento de la ETEV no se han validado en estudios prospectivos&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; la serie estudiada fue peque&#241;a y se produjeron pocos eventos cl&#237;nicos&#46; En este sentido&#44; no pudo determinarse si la menor actividad anti-Xa en pacientes obesos se traduce en un aumento del riesgo tromb&#243;tico en estos pacientes&#46; Finalmente&#44; en la mayor&#237;a de los pacientes del estudio la funci&#243;n renal era normal&#44; y nuestros resultados no son generalizables para pacientes con disminuci&#243;n del aclaramiento de creatinina&#46;</p><p id="p0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En conclusi&#243;n&#44; la actividad anti-Xa de la enoxaparina depende del IMC en los pacientes que reciben tromboprofilaxis por un proceso m&#233;dico agudo&#46; Se requieren estudios bien dise&#241;ados para analizar si este hallazgo implica un aumento de la incidencia de episodios tromb&#243;ticos en este grupo de pacientes&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="sp0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se recomienda la tromboprofilaxis con heparina de bajo peso molecular a dosis fijas en pacientes m&#233;dicos agudos que requieran ingreso hospitalario&#46; El objetivo de este estudio ha sido determinar si la actividad antifactor Xa de la enoxaparina depende del peso corporal cuando se administra a pacientes hospitalizados por un proceso respiratorio agudo como profilaxis de la enfermedad tromboemb&#243;lica venosa&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y m&#233;todos</span><p id="sp0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluy&#243; prospectivamente en el estudio a todos los pacientes ingresados en el Servicio de Neumolog&#237;a entre enero y diciembre de 2006 por un proceso respiratorio agudo con indicaci&#243;n de tromboprofilaxis farmacol&#243;gica&#46; Se determin&#243; la actividad anti-Xa 4 h despu&#233;s de la administraci&#243;n de la enoxaparina&#44; en el tercer d&#237;a de ingreso hospitalario&#46; El criterio de evaluaci&#243;n principal fue la actividad anti-Xa en funci&#243;n del &#237;ndice de masa corporal &#40;IMC&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="sp0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluy&#243; a 112 pacientes en el estudio&#46; La actividad anti-Xa media disminuy&#243; a medida que aumentaban los cuartiles de IMC &#40;0&#44;28&#44; 0&#44;23&#44; 0&#44;15 y 0&#44;13 U&#47;ml para los cuartiles 1&#44; 2&#44; 3 y 4&#44; respectivamente&#41;&#46; En el an&#225;lisis multivariable&#44; el IMC fue la &#250;nica variable predictora de actividad anti-Xa insuficiente &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span> &#61; 1&#44;14&#59; intervalo de confianza del 95&#37;&#44; 1&#44;05-1&#44;24&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;002&#41;&#44; despu&#233;s de ajustar por la edad&#44; el sexo y la creatinina s&#233;rica&#46; Hubo 2 episodios sintom&#225;ticos de trombosis venosa profunda proximal en el mes posterior al ingreso hospitalario&#44; ambos en pacientes con actividad anti-Xa insuficiente&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="sp0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La actividad anti-Xa de la enoxaparina depende del IMC en los pacientes que reciben tromboprofilaxis por un proceso m&#233;dico agudo que requiera hospitalizaci&#243;n&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="sp0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Thromboprophylaxis with a fixed dose of lowmolecular- weight heparin is recommended for hospitalized acutely ill medical patients&#46; The purpose of this study was to assess whether the anti-factor Xa &#40;anti-Xa&#41; activity of enoxaparin prescribed for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis depends on body mass index &#40;BMI&#41; in patients hospitalized for an acute respiratory disease&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and methods</span><p id="sp0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">All patients admitted to the respiratory medicine department &#40;January-December 2006&#41; for an acute respiratory disease&#44; and for whom pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis was indicated&#44; were included in the study&#46; Anti-Xa activity was measured 4 hours after administration of enoxaparin on the third day of hospitalization&#46; The primary outcome was anti-Xa activity in relation to BMI&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="sp0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">One hundred twelve patients were enrolled&#46; Mean anti-Xa activity decreased with each BMI quartile &#40;0&#46;28&#44; 0&#46;23&#44; 0&#46;15&#44; and 0&#46;13 U&#47;mL for quartiles 1&#44; 2&#44; 3&#44; and 4&#44; respectively&#41;&#46; In the multivariate analysis&#44; BMI was the only predictor of inadequate anti-Xa activity &#40;odds ratio&#44; 1&#46;14&#59; 95&#37; confidence interval&#44; 10&#46;5-1&#46;24&#59; P&#60;&#46;002&#41; after adjustment for age&#44; sex&#44; and serum creatinine levels&#46; Two episodes of symptomatic proximal deep vein thrombosis were diagnosed in the month after hospitalization&#59; both occurred in patients who had inadequate anti-Xa activity&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="sp0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Anti-Xa activity is dependent on BMI in hospitalized acute medical patients receiving enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="sp0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">DE&#58; desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar&#59; IMC&#58; &#237;ndice de masa corporal&#46;</p>"
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            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad &#40;a&#241;os&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Media &#177; DE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">72 &#177; 13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mediana&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sexo&#58; mujer&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28 &#40;25&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Peso &#40;kg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Media &#177; DE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">70 &#177; 15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mediana&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Obesidad &#40;IMC &#62; 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24 &#40;21&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Funci&#243;n renal &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;&#44; media &#177; DE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;16 &#177; 0&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Factores de riesgo de hemorragia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hipertensi&#243;n arterial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">68 &#40;61&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diabetes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22 &#40;20&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>C&#225;ncer&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18 &#40;16&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Medicaci&#243;n concomitante&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Antiagregantes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32 &#40;29&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Esteroides&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">75 &#40;67&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Antiinflamatorios no esteroideos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Duraci&#243;n de la profilaxis &#40;d&#237;as&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Media &#177; DE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#177; 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mediana&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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              ]
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="sp0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracter&#237;sticas basales de los 112 pacientes estudiados</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "t0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla II"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="sp0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Valores expresados como media &#177; desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar o n&#250;mero de pacientes &#40;porcentaje&#41;&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IMC &#40;kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cuartil 1 &#40;&#60; 23&#44;04&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cuartil 2 &#40;23&#44;04-25&#44;95&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cuartil 3 &#40;25&#44;96-29&#44;61&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cuartil 4 &#40;&#62; 29&#44;61&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">N&#46;&#176; de pacientes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad &#40;a&#241;os&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">72 &#177; 14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">76 &#177; 12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">70 &#177; 13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71 &#177; 14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sexo&#58; mujer&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;28&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;14&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;31&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;29&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Funci&#243;n renal &#40;mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;19 &#177; 0&#44;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Article information
ISSN: 03002896
Original language: Spanish
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