Originales
Estado funcional y supervivencia de los pacientes con EPOC tras rehabilitación respiratoria
Functional Status and Survival in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Following Pulmonary Rehabilitation
María Victorina López Varelaa,
, Turquesa Anidoa, María Larrosab
Corresponding author
mlopez@chasque.net
Correspondencia: Dra. M.V. López Varela. 21 de Setiembre, 2353/301. 11200 Montevideo. Uruguay.
Correspondencia: Dra. M.V. López Varela. 21 de Setiembre, 2353/301. 11200 Montevideo. Uruguay.
Read
12466
Timeswas read the article
1939
Total PDF
10527
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:23 [ "pii" => "S0300289606706858" "issn" => "03002896" "doi" => "10.1157/13092413" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2006-09-01" "aid" => "70685" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica" "copyrightAnyo" => "2006" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2006;42:434-9" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 10023 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 71 "HTML" => 9287 "PDF" => 665 ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S030028960670686X" "issn" => "03002896" "doi" => "10.1157/13092414" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2006-09-01" "aid" => "70686" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2006;42:440-5" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 6354 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 75 "HTML" => 5674 "PDF" => 605 ] ] "es" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Originales</span>" "titulo" => "Adecuación de los ingresos hospitalarios en un servicio de neumología" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "440" "paginaFinal" => "445" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Appropriateness of Hospital Admissions to a Pulmonology Department" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Francisco Campos Rodríguez, Inés de la Cruz Morón, Luis López Rodríguez, Araceli Díaz Martínez, Martín Tejedor Fernández, Francisco Muñoz Lucena" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Francisco" "apellidos" => "Campos Rodríguez" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Inés" "apellidos" => "de la Cruz Morón" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Luis" "apellidos" => "López Rodríguez" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Araceli" "apellidos" => "Díaz Martínez" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Martín" "apellidos" => "Tejedor Fernández" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Francisco" "apellidos" => "Muñoz Lucena" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S030028960670686X?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/03002896/0000004200000009/v1_201305141822/S030028960670686X/v1_201305141822/es/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S0300289606706846" "issn" => "03002896" "doi" => "10.1157/13092412" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2006-09-01" "aid" => "70684" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2006;42:430-3" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 35345 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 104 "HTML" => 33840 "PDF" => 1401 ] ] "es" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Originales</span>" "titulo" => "Neumonía adquirida en la comunidad por gérmenes atípicos: tratamiento y evolución" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "430" "paginaFinal" => "433" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Treatment and Course of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Caused by Atypical Pathogens" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Ramón Fernández Álvarez, Isabel Suárez Toste, Gemma Rubinos Cuadrado, Agustín Medina Gonzálvez, José Antonio Gullón Blanco, Isidro González Martín" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ramón" "apellidos" => "Fernández Álvarez" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Isabel" "apellidos" => "Suárez Toste" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Gemma" "apellidos" => "Rubinos Cuadrado" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Agustín" "apellidos" => "Medina Gonzálvez" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "José Antonio" "apellidos" => "Gullón Blanco" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Isidro" "apellidos" => "González Martín" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0300289606706846?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/03002896/0000004200000009/v1_201305141822/S0300289606706846/v1_201305141822/es/main.assets" ] "es" => array:15 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Originales</span>" "titulo" => "Estado funcional y supervivencia de los pacientes con EPOC tras rehabilitación respiratoria" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "434" "paginaFinal" => "439" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "María Victorina López Varela, Turquesa Anido, María Larrosa" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "María Victorina" "apellidos" => "López Varela" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "mlopez@chasque.net" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Turquesa" "apellidos" => "Anido" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "María" "apellidos" => "Larrosa" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Neumología. Centro de Asistencia del Sindicato Médico del Uruguay (CASMU). Montevideo. Uruguay. Miembro de la Asociación Latinoamericana del Tórax (ALAT)" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Fisiatría. CASMU. Montevideo. Uruguay. Miembro de la ALAT" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Correspondencia: Dra. M.V. López Varela. 21 de Setiembre, 2353/301. 11200 Montevideo. Uruguay." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Functional Status and Survival in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Following Pulmonary Rehabilitation" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2005-07-20" "fechaAceptado" => "2006-02-07" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec153149" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Rehabilitación respiratoria" 1 => "EPOC" 2 => "Predictores de supervivencia" ] ] ] "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec153148" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Pulmonary rehabilitation" 1 => "COPD" 2 => "Survival predictors" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "es" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mostrar los resultados funcionales y la supervivencia de pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) tras un programa de rehabilitación respiratoria (RR).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y métodos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se evaluaron la función pulmonar, la distancia recorrida en 6 min y la disnea según la escala de Borg en la prueba de la marcha de 6 min, carga en vatios sobre cicloergómetro y calidad de vida por el St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), puntuación en el índice BODE y supervivencia.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ingresaron en el programa de RR 105 pacientes, con una edad media ± desviación estándar de 63,9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9,3 años, índice de masa corporal de 24,5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4,56 y volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo (FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>) de 0,91<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,46 l/s. La distancia recorrida en 6 min antes de RR fue de 412,8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>79,4 m, y tras RR de 443,46<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>81,57 m. La carga en cicloergómetro fue de 47,9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>29,6 W pre-RR y de 77,76<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20,88 W post-RR. La puntuación en la escala de Borg fue de 2,2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1,37 pre-RR y de 1,47<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1,37 post-RR, y el SGRQ de 27,63<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16,02 y 25,45<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15,12, respectivamente. La mortalidad respiratoria (105 meses) fue del 19%. La supervivencia acumulada a 1, 3 y 6 años fue del 91, el 86,7 y el 67,5%, respectivamente, y se relacionó con un valor de FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> mayor de 1,02 l/s (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,05), distancia recorrida en la prueba de la marcha de 6 min mayor de 448 m pre-RR (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,04) y de 454 m post-RR (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,05) y carga en cicloergómetro mayor de 54 W pre-RR (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,01) y de 72 W post-RR (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,02). La relación de la supervivencia con el SGRQ y el índice BODE fue menor.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La capacidad de ejercicio, la disnea y, en menor grado, la calidad de vida mejoraron con la RR en los pacientes con EPOC. Los mejores predictores de supervivencia fueron el FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>, la distancia recorrida en 6 min y los vatios alcanzados en el cicloergómetro.</p>" ] "en" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectives</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To study functional status and survival in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) following a pulmonary rehabilitation program.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We assessed lung function, 6-minute walk distance, Borg score for dyspnea upon completion of the 6-minute walk, workload in watts on a cycle ergometer, quality of life using the St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ); the body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity (BODE) index; and survival.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">One hundred five patients participated in the pulmonary rehabilitation program. The patients had a mean (SD) age of 63.9 (9.3) years, body mass index of 24.5 (4.56) kg/m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>) of 0.91 (0.46) L. The mean distances walked in 6 minutes were 412.8 (79.4) m before the pulmonary rehabilitation program and 443.46 (81.57) m after rehabilitation. The mean workloads on the cycle ergometer before and after rehabilitation, respectively, were 47.9 (29.6) W and 77.76 (20.88) W. The mean Borg scores were 2.2 (1.37) before and 1.47 (1.37) after rehabilitation, and the SGRQ scores at the same times were 27.63 (16.02) and 25.45 (15.12). Mortality due to respiratory disease (105 months) was 19%. Cumulative survival rates at 1 year, 3 years, and 6 years were 91%, 86.7%, and 6.75%, respectively. Survival was related to an FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> greater than 1.02 L (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=.05), a 6-minute walk distance over 448 m before rehabilitation (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=.04) and 454 m after rehabilitation (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=.05), and a workload on the cycle ergometer of over 54 W before rehabilitation (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=.01) and 72 W (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=.02) afterwards. The correlations between survival and both SGRQ and BODE scores were weaker.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We observed improved exercise capacity, dyspnea ratings, and, to a lesser extent, better SGRQ scores in our COPD patients following pulmonary rehabilitation. The best predictors of survival were FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>, the 6-minute walk distance, and the cycle ergometer workloads.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bibliografía" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:36 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive. Lung Disease (GOLD) Workshop Summary" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "R.A. Pauwels" 1 => "A.S. Buist" 2 => "P.H. Carverley" 3 => "C.R. Jenkins" 4 => "S.S. Hurd" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.163.5.2101039" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "163" "paginaInicial" => "1256" "paginaFinal" => "1276" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11316667" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2" "etiqueta" => "2." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Obstructive lung disease and low lung function in adults in the United States. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "D.M. Mannino" 1 => "R.C. Gagnon" 2 => "T.L. Petty" 3 => "E. Lydick" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Intern Med" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "160" "paginaInicial" => "1683" "paginaFinal" => "1689" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10847262" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib3" "etiqueta" => "3." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Geographic variations in prevalence and underdiagnosis of COPD. Results of the Ibercorp Multicentre Epidemiological Study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "V. Sobradillo" 1 => "M. Miratvilles" 2 => "R. Gabriel" 3 => "C.A. Jiménez Ruiz" 4 => "C. Villasante" 5 => "J.F. Mase" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "118" "paginaInicial" => "981" "paginaFinal" => "989" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11035667" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib4" "etiqueta" => "4." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Proyecto Latinoamericano de Investigación en Obstrucción Pulmonar (PLATINO). Disponible en: <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://host854awn.plugin.com.br/">http://host854awn.plugin.com.br/</a>" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib5" "etiqueta" => "5." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS-ERS position paper" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "colaboracion" => "MacNee W and committee members" "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "B. Celli" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "23" "paginaInicial" => "932" "paginaFinal" => "946" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15219010" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib6" "etiqueta" => "6." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Exercise capacity and ventilatory, circulatory and symptom limitation in patients with chronic airflow limitation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "K.J. Killian" 1 => "P. Leblanc" 2 => "H. Martin" 3 => "E. Summers" 4 => "H.L. Jones" 5 => "E.J.M. Campbell" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm/146.4.935" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am Rev Respir Dis" "fecha" => "1992" "volumen" => "146" "paginaInicial" => "935" "paginaFinal" => "940" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1416421" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib7" "etiqueta" => "7." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "European Respiratory Society. Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "colaboracion" => "American Thoracic Society" "etal" => false ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.159.supplement_1.99titlepage" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "159" "paginaInicial" => "S1" "paginaFinal" => "S28" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10194189" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib8" "etiqueta" => "8." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Peripheral skeletal muscles in COPD patients: correlation with pulmonary function and quality of life" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "M. Montes de Oca" 1 => "S. Torres" 2 => "Y. Hernández" 3 => "E. Romero" 4 => "C. Talamo" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "20" "paginaInicial" => "497S" ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib9" "etiqueta" => "9." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Muscle weakness is related to utilization of health care resources in COPD patients" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "M. Decramer" 1 => "R. Gosselink" 2 => "T. Troosterst" 3 => "M. Verschueren" 4 => "G. Evers" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "10" "paginaInicial" => "417" "paginaFinal" => "423" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9042643" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib10" "etiqueta" => "10." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Midthigh muscle cross-sectional area is a better predictor of mortality than body mass index in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "K. Marquis" 1 => "R. Debigaré" 2 => "Y. Lacasse" 3 => "P. Leblanc" 4 => "Y. Jobin" 5 => "G. Carrier" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/rccm.2107031" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "166" "paginaInicial" => "809" "paginaFinal" => "813" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12231489" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib11" "etiqueta" => "11." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Selection criteria and programmes of pulmonary rehabilitation and chronic care scientific group of the European Respiratory Society" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "colaboracion" => "ERS Task Force Position Paper" "etal" => false ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "10" "paginaInicial" => "744" "paginaFinal" => "757" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9073018" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib12" "etiqueta" => "12." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Pulmonary rehabilitation 1999" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "colaboracion" => "American Thoracic Society" "etal" => false ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.159.5.ats2-99" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "159" "paginaInicial" => "1666" "paginaFinal" => "1682" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10228143" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib13" "etiqueta" => "13." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: national clinical guideline on management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults in primary and secondary care" ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Thorax" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "59" "numero" => "Suppl 1" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "232" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15041752" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib14" "etiqueta" => "14." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Normativa sobre la rehabilitación respiratoria. Grupo de Trabajo de la SEPAR" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "colaboracion" => "Normativa SEPAR" "etal" => false ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "26" "paginaInicial" => "257" ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib15" "etiqueta" => "15." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on physiologic and psychosocial outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A. Ries" 1 => "R. Kaplan" 2 => "T. Limberg" 3 => "L. Prewitt" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Intern Med" "fecha" => "1995" "volumen" => "122" "paginaInicial" => "823" "paginaFinal" => "832" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7741366" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib16" "etiqueta" => "16." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Respiratory rehabilitation: improvement of short and long-term outcome" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "R. Gosselink" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "20" "paginaInicial" => "4" "paginaFinal" => "5" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12166579" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib17" "etiqueta" => "17." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Rehabilitation for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Meta analysis of randomized controlled trials" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "G.F. Salman" 1 => "M.C. Mosier" 2 => "B.W. Beasley" 3 => "D.R. Calkins" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Gen Intern Med" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "18" "paginaInicial" => "213" "paginaFinal" => "221" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12648254" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib18" "etiqueta" => "18." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cambios en la tolerancia al ejercicio, calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y características de los músculos periféricos después de 6 semanas de entrenamiento en pacientes con enfermedad obstructiva crónica" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Montes de Oca" 1 => "S. Torres" 2 => "Y. González" 3 => "E. Romero" 4 => "N. Hernández" 5 => "C. Tálamo" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "41" "paginaInicial" => "413" "paginaFinal" => "418" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16117945" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib19" "etiqueta" => "19." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A simple pulmonary rehabilitation program improves health outcomes and reduces hospital utilization in patients with COPD" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "K.P. Hui" 1 => "A.B. Hewitt" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "124" "paginaInicial" => "94" "paginaFinal" => "97" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12853508" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib20" "etiqueta" => "20." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Lung function testing: selection of reference values and interpretative strategies" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "colaboracion" => "ATS Statement" "etal" => false ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm/144.5.1202" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am Rev Respir Dis" "fecha" => "1991" "volumen" => "144" "paginaInicial" => "1202" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1952453" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib21" "etiqueta" => "21." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Guidelines for six-minute walk test" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "colaboracion" => "ATS Statement" "etal" => false ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.166.1.at1102" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "166" "paginaInicial" => "111" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12091180" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib22" "etiqueta" => "22." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Evaluation of clinical methods for rating dyspnea" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "D. Mahler" 1 => "C. Wells" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "1988" "volumen" => "93" "paginaInicial" => "580" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3342669" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib23" "etiqueta" => "23." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Validity and reliability of the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire after adaption to a different language and culture: the Spanish example" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Ferrer" 1 => "J. Alonso" 2 => "L. Prieto" 3 => "V. Plaza" 4 => "E. Manso" 5 => "R. Marrades" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "9" "paginaInicial" => "1160" ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib24" "etiqueta" => "24." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea and exercise capacity index in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "B. Celli" 1 => "C. Cote" 2 => "S. Marín" 3 => "C. Casanova" 4 => "M. Montes de Oca" 5 => "R. Méndez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa021322" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "350" "paginaInicial" => "1005" "paginaFinal" => "1012" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14999112" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib25" "etiqueta" => "25." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A self-complete measure of health status for chronic airflow limitation: the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "P.W. Jones" 1 => "F. Quirk II" 2 => "C.M. Baveystock" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm/145.6.1321" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am Rev Respir Dis" "fecha" => "1992" "volumen" => "145" "paginaInicial" => "1321" "paginaFinal" => "1327" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1595997" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib26" "etiqueta" => "26." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Disease severity in COPD patients" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M.V. López Varela" 1 => "F. Jiménez" 2 => "A. Tempone" 3 => "K. Fagúndez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "22" "numero" => "Suppl 45" "paginaInicial" => "5775" ] ] ] ] ] ] 26 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib27" "etiqueta" => "27." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease improves after rehabilitation at home" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "P.J. Wijkstra" 1 => "R. Van Altena" 2 => "J. Kraan" 3 => "V. Otten" 4 => "D.S. Postma" 5 => "G.H. Koëler" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "1994" "volumen" => "7" "paginaInicial" => "269" "paginaFinal" => "273" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8162979" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 27 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib28" "etiqueta" => "28." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The effects of a community based pulmonary rehabilitation programme on exercise tolerance and quality of life: a randomized controlled trial" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "W. Ambach" 1 => "V.M. Chadwick-Straver" 2 => "R.C. Wagenaar" 3 => "A.R.J. Von Keimpema" 4 => "M.C.G. Kemper" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "10" "paginaInicial" => "104" "paginaFinal" => "113" ] ] ] ] ] ] 28 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib29" "etiqueta" => "29." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Clinical interpretation of health related quality of life outcomes in COPD: application to critical care" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "R. Zu Wallack" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir Rev" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "12" "paginaInicial" => "92" "paginaFinal" => "97" ] ] ] ] ] ] 29 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib30" "etiqueta" => "30." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Variables related to increased mortality following outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "D.A. Gerardi" 1 => "L. Lovett" 2 => "M.L. Benoit-Connors" 3 => "J.Z. Reardon" 4 => "R.L. Zu Wallack" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "9" "paginaInicial" => "431" "paginaFinal" => "435" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8730000" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 30 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib31" "etiqueta" => "31." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Functional status and survival following pulmonary rehabilitation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J.B. Bowen" 1 => "J.J. Volto" 2 => "R.S. Thrall" 3 => "M.C. Campbell Haggerty" 4 => "R. Stockdale-Wooley" 5 => "T. Bandyopadhyay" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "118" "paginaInicial" => "697" "paginaFinal" => "703" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10988191" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 31 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib32" "etiqueta" => "32." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Analysis of the factors related to mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Role of exercise capacity and health status" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "T. Oga" 1 => "K. Nishimura" 2 => "M. Tsukiro" 3 => "S. Soto" 4 => "T. Hajiro" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/rccm.200206-583OC" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "167" "paginaInicial" => "544" "paginaFinal" => "549" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12446268" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 32 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib33" "etiqueta" => "33." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Intermittent positive pressure breathing therapy of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a clinical trial" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "colaboracion" => "The IPPB Trial Group" "etal" => false ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Intern Med" "fecha" => "1983" "volumen" => "99" "paginaInicial" => "612" "paginaFinal" => "620" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6357018" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 33 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib34" "etiqueta" => "34." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The 6-min walk distance: change over time and value as a predictor of survival in severe COPD" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "V.M. Pinto-Plata" 1 => "C. Cote" 2 => "H. Cabral" 3 => "J. Taylor" 4 => "B. Celli" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "23" "paginaInicial" => "28" "paginaFinal" => "33" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14738227" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 34 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib35" "etiqueta" => "35." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Health-related quality of life and mortality in male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A. Domingo Salvaney" 1 => "R. Lamarca" 2 => "M. Ferrer" 3 => "J. García Aymerich" 4 => "J. Alonso" 5 => "M. Félez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/rccm.2112043" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "166" "paginaInicial" => "680" "paginaFinal" => "685" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12204865" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 35 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib36" "etiqueta" => "36." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prognostic value of nutritional status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "C. Landbo" 1 => "E. Prescott" 2 => "P. Lange" 3 => "J. Vestbo" 4 => "T. Almdal" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.160.6.9902115" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "160" "paginaInicial" => "1856" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10588597" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "url" => "/03002896/0000004200000009/v1_201305141822/S0300289606706858/v1_201305141822/es/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "9277" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Originales" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/03002896/0000004200000009/v1_201305141822/S0300289606706858/v1_201305141822/es/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00003Z&text.app=https://archbronconeumol.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0300289606706858?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" ]
Article information
ISSN: 03002896Original language: Spanish
DOI:10.1157/13092413
The statistics are updated each day
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 3 | 5 | 8 |
| 2024 October | 32 | 10 | 42 |
| 2024 September | 23 | 20 | 43 |
| 2024 August | 38 | 30 | 68 |
| 2024 July | 23 | 18 | 41 |
| 2024 June | 42 | 13 | 55 |
| 2024 May | 29 | 17 | 46 |
| 2024 April | 18 | 18 | 36 |
| 2024 March | 32 | 29 | 61 |
| 2024 February | 22 | 27 | 49 |
| 2023 December | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2023 November | 0 | 6 | 6 |
| 2023 October | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2023 September | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2023 July | 0 | 9 | 9 |
| 2023 June | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 2023 April | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 2023 March | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| 2023 February | 18 | 14 | 32 |
| 2023 January | 49 | 11 | 60 |
| 2022 December | 24 | 13 | 37 |
| 2022 November | 29 | 18 | 47 |
| 2022 October | 21 | 17 | 38 |
| 2022 September | 18 | 18 | 36 |
| 2022 August | 24 | 23 | 47 |
| 2022 July | 20 | 21 | 41 |
| 2022 June | 21 | 21 | 42 |
| 2022 May | 25 | 23 | 48 |
| 2022 April | 34 | 30 | 64 |
| 2022 March | 35 | 26 | 61 |
| 2022 February | 30 | 19 | 49 |
| 2022 January | 47 | 31 | 78 |
| 2021 December | 20 | 44 | 64 |
| 2021 November | 30 | 49 | 79 |
| 2021 October | 20 | 52 | 72 |
| 2021 September | 24 | 47 | 71 |
| 2021 August | 19 | 35 | 54 |
| 2021 July | 20 | 43 | 63 |
| 2021 June | 38 | 48 | 86 |
| 2021 May | 21 | 35 | 56 |
| 2021 April | 24 | 87 | 111 |
| 2021 March | 27 | 34 | 61 |
| 2021 February | 37 | 25 | 62 |
| 2021 January | 25 | 28 | 53 |
| 2020 December | 37 | 32 | 69 |
| 2020 November | 24 | 37 | 61 |
| 2020 October | 26 | 23 | 49 |
| 2020 September | 26 | 22 | 48 |
| 2020 August | 24 | 23 | 47 |
| 2020 July | 26 | 23 | 49 |
| 2020 June | 18 | 12 | 30 |
| 2020 May | 19 | 18 | 37 |
| 2020 April | 30 | 22 | 52 |
| 2020 March | 30 | 30 | 60 |
| 2020 February | 26 | 23 | 49 |
| 2020 January | 41 | 27 | 68 |
| 2019 December | 43 | 37 | 80 |
| 2019 November | 20 | 21 | 41 |
| 2019 October | 31 | 11 | 42 |
| 2019 September | 21 | 20 | 41 |
| 2019 August | 15 | 11 | 26 |
| 2019 July | 22 | 22 | 44 |
| 2019 June | 13 | 8 | 21 |
| 2019 May | 19 | 33 | 52 |
| 2019 April | 9 | 15 | 24 |
| 2019 March | 17 | 24 | 41 |
| 2019 February | 10 | 16 | 26 |
| 2019 January | 11 | 15 | 26 |
| 2018 December | 12 | 14 | 26 |
| 2018 November | 30 | 31 | 61 |
| 2018 October | 30 | 16 | 46 |
| 2018 September | 14 | 7 | 21 |
| 2018 May | 8 | 1 | 9 |
| 2018 April | 5 | 10 | 15 |
| 2018 March | 6 | 9 | 15 |
| 2018 February | 10 | 11 | 21 |
| 2018 January | 3 | 13 | 16 |
| 2017 December | 16 | 13 | 29 |
| 2017 November | 14 | 12 | 26 |
| 2017 October | 15 | 9 | 24 |
| 2017 September | 6 | 6 | 12 |
| 2017 August | 15 | 16 | 31 |
| 2017 July | 16 | 9 | 25 |
| 2017 June | 18 | 14 | 32 |
| 2017 May | 18 | 12 | 30 |
| 2017 April | 14 | 8 | 22 |
| 2017 March | 18 | 10 | 28 |
| 2017 February | 10 | 13 | 23 |
| 2017 January | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| 2016 December | 23 | 11 | 34 |
| 2016 November | 29 | 11 | 40 |
| 2016 October | 33 | 21 | 54 |
| 2016 September | 31 | 17 | 48 |
| 2016 August | 15 | 6 | 21 |
| 2016 July | 28 | 16 | 44 |
| 2016 June | 35 | 12 | 47 |
| 2016 May | 21 | 6 | 27 |
| 2016 April | 13 | 1 | 14 |
| 2016 March | 13 | 2 | 15 |
| 2016 February | 22 | 5 | 27 |
| 2016 January | 38 | 16 | 54 |
| 2015 December | 36 | 19 | 55 |
| 2015 November | 36 | 8 | 44 |
| 2015 October | 132 | 1 | 133 |
| 2015 September | 143 | 0 | 143 |
| 2015 August | 116 | 0 | 116 |
| 2015 July | 95 | 0 | 95 |
| 2015 June | 75 | 0 | 75 |
| 2015 May | 135 | 0 | 135 |
| 2015 April | 102 | 0 | 102 |
| 2015 March | 102 | 0 | 102 |
| 2015 February | 79 | 0 | 79 |
| 2015 January | 81 | 0 | 81 |
| 2014 December | 82 | 0 | 82 |
| 2014 November | 100 | 0 | 100 |
| 2014 October | 126 | 0 | 126 |
| 2014 September | 93 | 0 | 93 |
| 2014 August | 121 | 0 | 121 |
| 2014 July | 113 | 0 | 113 |
| 2014 June | 105 | 0 | 105 |
| 2014 May | 146 | 0 | 146 |
| 2014 April | 144 | 0 | 144 |
| 2014 March | 142 | 0 | 142 |
| 2014 February | 114 | 0 | 114 |
| 2014 January | 113 | 0 | 113 |
| 2013 December | 91 | 0 | 91 |
| 2013 November | 80 | 0 | 80 |
| 2013 October | 96 | 0 | 96 |
| 2013 September | 94 | 0 | 94 |
| 2013 August | 74 | 0 | 74 |
| 2013 July | 100 | 0 | 100 |
| 2013 June | 74 | 0 | 74 |
| 2013 May | 66 | 0 | 66 |
| 2013 April | 43 | 0 | 43 |
| 2013 March | 12 | 0 | 12 |
| 2000 January | 5159 | 0 | 5159 |
Show all
