Deshabituación tabáquica y bupropión: la ansiedad y la depresión como índices de eficacia terapéutica
Smoking cessation and bupropion: anxiety and depression as predictors of therapeutic efficacy
I. Sampablo Lauro
, L. Lores, F. Coll
Corresponding author
isl01b@saludalia.com
Correspondencia: Servicio del Aparato Respiratorio. Instituto Universitario Dexeus.Iradier, 3. 08017 Barcelona
Correspondencia: Servicio del Aparato Respiratorio. Instituto Universitario Dexeus.Iradier, 3. 08017 Barcelona
Servicio del Aparato Respiratorio. Instituto Universitario Dexeus. Barcelona
a Servicio de Neumología. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid
Read
10656
Timeswas read the article
2370
Total PDF
8286
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:23 [ "pii" => "S0300289602752381" "issn" => "03002896" "doi" => "10.1016/S0300-2896(02)75238-1" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2002-08-01" "aid" => "75238" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica" "copyrightAnyo" => "2002" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2002;38:351-5" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 7552 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 72 "HTML" => 6711 "PDF" => 769 ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S0300289602752393" "issn" => "03002896" "doi" => "10.1016/S0300-2896(02)75239-3" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2002-08-01" "aid" => "75239" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2002;38:356-61" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 5166 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 64 "HTML" => 4528 "PDF" => 574 ] ] "es" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Uso y accesibilidad del análisis estadístico en la revista Archivos De Bronconeumología (1970–1999)" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "356" "paginaFinal" => "361" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Use and comprehensibility of statistical analysis in Archivos Debronconeumología(1970–1999)" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "J.I. De Granda Orive, T. Gutiérrez Jiménez, J. Escobar Sacristán, V. Gallego Rodríguez, R. Sáez Valls" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.I." "apellidos" => "De Granda Orive" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "T." "apellidos" => "Gutiérrez Jiménez" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Escobar Sacristán" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "V." "apellidos" => "Gallego Rodríguez" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Sáez Valls" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "F. García Río" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "García Río" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0300289602752393?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/03002896/0000003800000008/v1_201307081526/S0300289602752393/v1_201307081526/es/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S030028960275237X" "issn" => "03002896" "doi" => "10.1016/S0300-2896(02)75237-X" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2002-08-01" "aid" => "75237" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "edi" "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2002;38:348-50" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 14823 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 52 "HTML" => 9281 "PDF" => 5490 ] ] "es" => array:7 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Síndrome de resistencia aumentada de la vía aérea superior. ¿Una entidad específica?" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "348" "paginaFinal" => "350" ] ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "J. Terán Santos" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Terán Santos" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S030028960275237X?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" "url" => "/03002896/0000003800000008/v1_201307081526/S030028960275237X/v1_201307081526/es/main.assets" ] "es" => array:14 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Deshabituación tabáquica y bupropión: la ansiedad y la depresión como índices de eficacia terapéutica" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "351" "paginaFinal" => "355" ] ] "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "I. Sampablo Lauro, L. Lores, F. Coll" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "I." "apellidos" => "Sampablo Lauro" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "isl01b@saludalia.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Lores" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Coll" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "entidad" => "Servicio del Aparato Respiratorio. Instituto Universitario Dexeus. Barcelona" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Correspondencia: Servicio del Aparato Respiratorio. Instituto Universitario Dexeus.Iradier, 3. 08017 Barcelona" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "autoresLista" => "J.M. Carreras, M. Quesada" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J.M." "apellidos" => "Carreras" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Quesada" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neumología. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff005" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Smoking cessation and bupropion: anxiety and depression as predictors of therapeutic efficacy" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2001-09-26" "fechaAceptado" => "2002-01-22" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec190550" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Deshabituación tabáquica" 1 => "Bupropión" 2 => "Ansiedad" 3 => "Depresión" ] ] ] "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec190549" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Smoking cessation" 1 => "Bupropion" 2 => "Anxiety" 3 => "Depression" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "es" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Existe una relación entre tabaquismo y enfermedad depresiva. Bupropión es el primer fármaco no nicotínico eficaz en la deshabituación tabáquica. Se trata de un antidepresivo que inhibe la recaptación neuronal de la serotonina, la dopamina y la noradrenalina en los nucleos talámicos</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Valorar si existen algunas variables dentro del área de la personalidad (ansiedad o depresión) que pudiesen servir como índices predictivos en el tratamiento deshabituador con bupropión</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Método</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio realizado en dos consultas de tabaquismo (Madrid y Barcelona). Se incluyó a 50 pacientes (21 varones) con una edad media de 43,6 años (desviación estándar [DE], 8,75) que manifestaban la voluntad en querer dejar de fumar. Fueron tratados con 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/día de bupropión durante un mes y seguidos durante 6 meses con controles de CO espirado. Las variables de personalidad fueron evaluadas con el test de HADS, test psicométrico que puntúa trastornos de personalidad ansiosodepresivos. Se valoró si existía alguna diferencia significativa en los valores de puntuación del HADS entre los pacientes que seguían sin fumar a los 6 meses y los que no</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los 50 pacientes incluidos eran fumadores con una media de 39 paquetes/año (DE, 17,82) y con un valor medio de ansiedad de 7,4 (DE, 4,15) y de depresión de 5,8 (DE, 3,93). Un total de 4 pacientes (8%) no pudo completar el estudio. Al primer mes de tratamiento un 28% de los pacientes fumaba, al tercer mes era un 56% de fumadores y a los 6 meses un 58% de los pacientes incluidos seguía fumando. Al analizar las variables de personalidad, observamos que los pacientes que durante el primer mes fumaban tenían unas puntuaciones más elevadas de depresión que los no fumadroes (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,03). Al tercero y el sexto mes los pacientes que siguen sin fumar presentan unas puntuaciones más elevadas de ansiedad que la de aquellos pacientes que siguen fumando (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,0052 a los 3 meses y p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,017 a los 6 meses)</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusione</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los pacientes que responden mejor al tratamiento con bupropión y después de 6 meses de seguimiento son aquellos que tienen niveles de ansiedad más elevados según el HADS test. Los niveles de depresión sólo influyen ne-gativamente durante el primer mes</p>" ] "en" => array:1 [ "resumen" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Smoking and depression are related. Bupropion, the first non-nicotinic drug that is an effective treatment in smoking cessation, is a tricyclic antidepressant that inhibits neuronal uptake of serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine in the thalamic nuclei</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To assess if certain personality factors (an-xiety or depression) might predict the efficacy of bupropion for smoking cessation</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Method</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The study was carried out in two smoking cessa-tion clinics in Madrid and Barcelona. Fifty patients (21 men) declaring the desire to quit smoking were enrolled. Their mean age was 43.6 years (SD 8.75). The patients were treated with 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg of bupropion per day for one month and expired CO was monitored for 6 months. Personality factors were assessed on a hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). We evaluated whether there was a significant difference in HADS scores for patients who were still not smoking after 6 months and those who had not managed to quit</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The 50 patients were smokers of a mean 39 packs per year (SD 17.82) and had mean scores of 7.4 (SD 4.15) for anxiety and 5.8 (SD 3.93) for depression. Four patients (8%) were unable to complete the study. After one month, 28% of the patients smoked, after 3 months 56% smoked and after 6 months 58% still smoked. The patients who smoked during the first month had higher depression scores than did the non-smokers (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.03). After 3 and 6 months the patients who had managed to continue not smo-king were those who had higher anxiety scores than did those who still smoked (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.0052 at 3 months and p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.017 at 6 months)</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patients who responded better to treatment with bupropion after 6 months of follow-up were those with higher anxiety scores on the HADS. Depression levels influenced outcome only during the first month</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bibliografía" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:23 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Smoking habit and psychometric scores: a community study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "H.J. Waal Manning" 1 => "F.A. De Hamel" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "NZ Med J" "fecha" => "1978" "volumen" => "88" "paginaInicial" => "188" "paginaFinal" => "191" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Adult sequelae of adolescent depressive symptoms" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "D.B. Kandel" 1 => "M. Davies" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Gen Psychiatry" "fecha" => "1986" "volumen" => "43" "paginaInicial" => "255" "paginaFinal" => "262" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3954545" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Smoking, smoking cessation and major depression" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A.H. Glassman" 1 => "J.E. Helzer" 2 => "L.S. Covey" 3 => "L.B. Cottler" 4 => "F. Stetner" 5 => "J.E. Tipp" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Jama" "fecha" => "1990" "volumen" => "264" "paginaInicial" => "1546" "paginaFinal" => "1549" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2395194" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "4." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Heavy smokers, smoking cessation and clonidine: results of a double-blind, randomized trial" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "A.H. Glassman" 1 => "F. Stetner" 2 => "B.T. Walsh" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Jama" "fecha" => "1988" "volumen" => "259" "paginaInicial" => "2863" "paginaFinal" => "2866" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3367452" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "5." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The efficacy of nortriptyline as an adjunct to the psychological treatment for smokers with and without depressive histories" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "G. Humfleet" 1 => "S. Hall" 2 => "V. Renus" 3 => "K. Sees" 4 => "R. Muñoz" 5 => "E. Triffleman" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Problems of drug dependance 1995: proceedings of 57th Annual Scientific Meeting, the College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc. NIDA research monograph 162" "serieFecha" => "1996" ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "6." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Doxepin as an adjunet to smoking cessation: a double-blind pilot study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "N.B. Edwards" 1 => "J.K. Murphy" 2 => "A.D. Downs" 3 => "B.J. Ackerman" 4 => "T.L. Rosenthal" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1176/ajp.146.3.373" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Psychiatry" "fecha" => "1989" "volumen" => "146" "paginaInicial" => "373" "paginaFinal" => "376" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2645796" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "7." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Fluoxetine symptoms of depression and smokin cessation [abstract]" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "R. Niaura" 1 => "M.G. Goldstein" 2 => "J. Depue" 3 => "N. Keuthen" 4 => "J. Kriisteller" 5 => "D. Abrams" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am Behav Med" "fecha" => "1995" "volumen" => "17" "numero" => "Suppl" "paginaInicial" => "S061" ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "8." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A comparison sustained-release bupropion and placebo for smoking cessation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "R.D. Hurt" 1 => "D.P.L. Sachs" 2 => "E.D. Glover" 3 => "K.P. Offord" 4 => "J.A. Johnston" 5 => "L.C. Dale" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM199710233371703" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "337" "paginaInicial" => "1195" "paginaFinal" => "1202" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9337378" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "9." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bupropion: a review of its mechanism of antidepressant activity" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J.A. Ascher" 1 => "J.O. Cole" 2 => "J.N. Colin" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Psychiatry" "fecha" => "1995" "volumen" => "56" "paginaInicial" => "395" "paginaFinal" => "3401" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7665537" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "10." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prospective study of factors predicting outcome of transdermal nicotine treatment in smoking cessation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "S.G. Gourlay" 1 => "A. Forbes" 2 => "T. Marriner" 3 => "D. Pethica" 4 => "J. McNeil" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Bmj" "fecha" => "1994" "volumen" => "309" "paginaInicial" => "842" "paginaFinal" => "846" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7950614" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "11." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "expired air carbon monoxide: a simple breth test tobacco smoke intake" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M.J. Jarvis" 1 => "M.A.H. Russell" 2 => "Y. Salojee" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Bmj" "fecha" => "1980" "volumen" => "281" "paginaInicial" => "484" "paginaFinal" => "485" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7427332" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0060" "etiqueta" => "12." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The hospital anxiety and depression scale" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "R.P. Snaith" 1 => "A.S. Zigmond" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Act Psiq Scand" "fecha" => "1983" "volumen" => "67" "paginaInicial" => "361" "paginaFinal" => "370" ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0065" "etiqueta" => "13." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Measuring nicotine dependence: a review of Fagerström Tolerance Nicotine Questionaire" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "K.O. Fagerström" 1 => "N. Schneider" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Behav Med" "fecha" => "1989" "volumen" => "12" "paginaInicial" => "159" "paginaFinal" => "182" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2668531" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "14." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Neurobiology and clinical pathophysiology of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "S.P. Americ" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "Nicotine in psychiatry" "paginaInicial" => "83" "paginaFinal" => "107" "serieFecha" => "2000" ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "15." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effects of nicotine on the nucleus accumbens and similarity to those of addictive drugs" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "F.E. Pointieri" 1 => "G. Tanda" 2 => "F. Orzi" 3 => "G. Di Chiara" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1038/382255a0" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Nature" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "382" "paginaInicial" => "255" "paginaFinal" => "257" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8717040" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "16." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The serotonergic and noradrenergic Systems of the hippocampus: their interactions and the effects of antidepressant treatments" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "R. Mongeau" 1 => "P. Blier" 2 => "C. De Montigny" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Brain Res Rev" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "23" "paginaInicial" => "145" "paginaFinal" => "195" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9164669" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0085" "etiqueta" => "17." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Characterization of nicotine receptors involved in the relase of noradrenaline from the hippocampus" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "H. Sershhen" 1 => "A. Balla" 2 => "A. Latjha" 3 => "E.S. Vizi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Neurosciencie" "fecha" => "1977" "volumen" => "77" "paginaInicial" => "121" "paginaFinal" => "130" ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "18." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Neubiological similarities in depression and drug dependance: a self-medication hypothesis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "A. Markou" 1 => "T.R. Kosten" 2 => "G.F. Loob" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0893-133X(97)00113-9" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Neuropsychopharmacology" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "18" "paginaInicial" => "135" "paginaFinal" => "174" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9471114" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "19." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Major depression following smoking cessation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "L.S. Covey" 1 => "A.H. Glassman" 2 => "F. Stetner" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1176/ajp.154.2.263" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Psychiatry" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "154" "paginaInicial" => "263" "paginaFinal" => "265" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9016279" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0100" "etiqueta" => "20." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Efficacy of bupropion for smoking cessation in smokers with a former history of major depression or alcoholism" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "K.E. Hayford" 1 => "C.A. Patten" 2 => "T.A. Rummans" 3 => "D. Schroeder" 4 => "K.P. Offord" 5 => "I.T. Croghan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Psychiatry" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "174" "paginaInicial" => "173" "paginaFinal" => "178" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10211174" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "21." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Smoking cessation and the course of najor depression: a follow-up study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A.H. Glassman" 1 => "L.S. Covey" 2 => "F. Stetner" 3 => "S. Rivelli" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(00)05064-9" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lancet" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "357" "paginaInicial" => "1929" "paginaFinal" => "1932" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11425414" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0110" "etiqueta" => "22." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Efficacy of buspirone in smoking cessation: a placebo-controlled trial" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "N.G. Schneider" 1 => "R.M. Olmstead" 2 => "C. Steinberg" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0009-9236(96)90153-8" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Pharmacol Ther" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "60" "paginaInicial" => "568" "paginaFinal" => "575" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8941030" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "23." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "New developments in smoking cessation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "A.V. Prochazka" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chest" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "117" "paginaInicial" => "S169" "paginaFinal" => "S175" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "url" => "/03002896/0000003800000008/v1_201307081526/S0300289602752381/v1_201307081526/es/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "9277" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Originales" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/03002896/0000003800000008/v1_201307081526/S0300289602752381/v1_201307081526/es/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00003Z&text.app=https://archbronconeumol.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0300289602752381?idApp=UINPBA00003Z" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 3 | 6 | 9 |
| 2024 October | 33 | 24 | 57 |
| 2024 September | 40 | 40 | 80 |
| 2024 August | 53 | 45 | 98 |
| 2024 July | 39 | 51 | 90 |
| 2024 June | 51 | 49 | 100 |
| 2024 May | 50 | 49 | 99 |
| 2024 April | 31 | 34 | 65 |
| 2024 March | 41 | 38 | 79 |
| 2024 February | 25 | 56 | 81 |
| 2024 January | 0 | 6 | 6 |
| 2023 December | 0 | 12 | 12 |
| 2023 November | 0 | 28 | 28 |
| 2023 October | 0 | 26 | 26 |
| 2023 September | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 2023 August | 0 | 8 | 8 |
| 2023 July | 0 | 45 | 45 |
| 2023 June | 0 | 19 | 19 |
| 2023 May | 0 | 6 | 6 |
| 2023 April | 0 | 6 | 6 |
| 2023 March | 3 | 11 | 14 |
| 2023 February | 31 | 21 | 52 |
| 2023 January | 20 | 31 | 51 |
| 2022 December | 26 | 32 | 58 |
| 2022 November | 32 | 33 | 65 |
| 2022 October | 31 | 29 | 60 |
| 2022 September | 32 | 38 | 70 |
| 2022 August | 54 | 52 | 106 |
| 2022 July | 22 | 35 | 57 |
| 2022 June | 31 | 35 | 66 |
| 2022 May | 26 | 34 | 60 |
| 2022 April | 43 | 39 | 82 |
| 2022 March | 28 | 34 | 62 |
| 2022 February | 22 | 31 | 53 |
| 2022 January | 34 | 34 | 68 |
| 2021 December | 59 | 32 | 91 |
| 2021 November | 65 | 45 | 110 |
| 2021 October | 45 | 44 | 89 |
| 2021 September | 27 | 35 | 62 |
| 2021 August | 18 | 37 | 55 |
| 2021 July | 30 | 35 | 65 |
| 2021 June | 55 | 39 | 94 |
| 2021 May | 35 | 21 | 56 |
| 2021 April | 66 | 61 | 127 |
| 2021 March | 58 | 27 | 85 |
| 2021 February | 53 | 20 | 73 |
| 2021 January | 29 | 15 | 44 |
| 2020 December | 31 | 22 | 53 |
| 2020 November | 21 | 18 | 39 |
| 2020 October | 29 | 8 | 37 |
| 2020 September | 8 | 3 | 11 |
| 2020 August | 24 | 12 | 36 |
| 2020 July | 28 | 20 | 48 |
| 2020 June | 20 | 11 | 31 |
| 2020 May | 19 | 12 | 31 |
| 2020 April | 22 | 6 | 28 |
| 2020 March | 20 | 29 | 49 |
| 2020 February | 36 | 22 | 58 |
| 2020 January | 36 | 26 | 62 |
| 2019 December | 33 | 32 | 65 |
| 2019 November | 18 | 17 | 35 |
| 2019 October | 13 | 22 | 35 |
| 2019 September | 20 | 38 | 58 |
| 2019 August | 22 | 10 | 32 |
| 2019 July | 21 | 26 | 47 |
| 2019 June | 16 | 25 | 41 |
| 2019 May | 26 | 42 | 68 |
| 2019 April | 41 | 14 | 55 |
| 2019 March | 11 | 17 | 28 |
| 2019 February | 13 | 10 | 23 |
| 2019 January | 12 | 17 | 29 |
| 2018 December | 9 | 14 | 23 |
| 2018 November | 23 | 18 | 41 |
| 2018 October | 27 | 20 | 47 |
| 2018 September | 21 | 11 | 32 |
| 2018 May | 10 | 2 | 12 |
| 2018 April | 5 | 3 | 8 |
| 2018 March | 4 | 6 | 10 |
| 2018 February | 7 | 8 | 15 |
| 2018 January | 3 | 12 | 15 |
| 2017 December | 13 | 27 | 40 |
| 2017 November | 10 | 22 | 32 |
| 2017 October | 6 | 20 | 26 |
| 2017 September | 4 | 10 | 14 |
| 2017 August | 12 | 21 | 33 |
| 2017 July | 4 | 13 | 17 |
| 2017 June | 12 | 16 | 28 |
| 2017 May | 10 | 21 | 31 |
| 2017 April | 8 | 21 | 29 |
| 2017 March | 5 | 11 | 16 |
| 2017 February | 3 | 11 | 14 |
| 2017 January | 9 | 7 | 16 |
| 2016 December | 16 | 11 | 27 |
| 2016 November | 30 | 17 | 47 |
| 2016 October | 23 | 21 | 44 |
| 2016 September | 14 | 9 | 23 |
| 2016 August | 22 | 11 | 33 |
| 2016 July | 17 | 7 | 24 |
| 2016 June | 25 | 17 | 42 |
| 2016 May | 17 | 8 | 25 |
| 2016 April | 7 | 0 | 7 |
| 2016 March | 10 | 4 | 14 |
| 2016 February | 7 | 1 | 8 |
| 2016 January | 31 | 20 | 51 |
| 2015 December | 27 | 20 | 47 |
| 2015 November | 25 | 18 | 43 |
| 2015 October | 135 | 1 | 136 |
| 2015 September | 134 | 0 | 134 |
| 2015 August | 100 | 0 | 100 |
| 2015 July | 112 | 0 | 112 |
| 2015 June | 89 | 0 | 89 |
| 2015 May | 144 | 0 | 144 |
| 2015 April | 87 | 0 | 87 |
| 2015 March | 108 | 0 | 108 |
| 2015 February | 81 | 0 | 81 |
| 2015 January | 94 | 0 | 94 |
| 2014 December | 66 | 0 | 66 |
| 2014 November | 71 | 0 | 71 |
| 2014 October | 91 | 0 | 91 |
| 2014 September | 80 | 0 | 80 |
| 2014 August | 79 | 0 | 79 |
| 2014 July | 62 | 0 | 62 |
| 2014 June | 82 | 0 | 82 |
| 2014 May | 81 | 0 | 81 |
| 2014 April | 82 | 0 | 82 |
| 2014 March | 86 | 0 | 86 |
| 2014 February | 57 | 0 | 57 |
| 2014 January | 57 | 0 | 57 |
| 2013 December | 51 | 0 | 51 |
| 2013 November | 50 | 0 | 50 |
| 2013 October | 64 | 0 | 64 |
| 2013 September | 57 | 0 | 57 |
| 2013 August | 67 | 0 | 67 |
| 2013 July | 73 | 0 | 73 |
| 2013 June | 46 | 0 | 46 |
| 2013 May | 37 | 0 | 37 |
| 2013 April | 33 | 0 | 33 |
| 2013 March | 7 | 0 | 7 |
| 2000 January | 3466 | 0 | 3466 |
Show all
