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in whom a bilobectomy &#40;lower and middle lobes&#41; was performed&#46; Histology revealed a tumor composed of medium-sized polygonal cells&#44; with slightly granular cytoplasm and round uniform nuclei&#44; which were only slightly hyperchromatic&#46; Mitosis was scant&#46; These cells were organized such that the tumor presented a pattern of organoid growth &#40;Figure&#41;&#46; Immunohistochemistry revealed a very strong expression of chromogranin&#46; The margin of the bronchial resection was free of neoplasia&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="260v39n11-13053345tab01.gif"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Figure&#46; Normal bronchial epithelium &#40;lower right-hand corner&#41;&#44; with proliferation of neoplastic tissue in the bronchial airway&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The patient remained disease-free for 7 years&#44; at which time a broadening of the mediastinum was observed in a routine x-ray&#46; Further exploration of the area using computed tomography &#40;CT&#41; revealed right paratracheal adenopathy that had not been present in earlier studies &#40;a lymph node 2&#46;5 in diameter&#41;&#46; Positron emission tomography showed intense uptake in the right paratracheal region in an area that coincided with the lesion visible in the CT scan&#46; Fiberoptic bronchoscopy detected a tumorous growth of 0&#46;5 cm in the bronchial stump&#46; Bronchial biopsy revealed a carcinoid tumor&#44; which tested positive for chromogranin in the immunohistochemical panel performed&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> When the diagnosis of recurrent carcinoid tumor had been confirmed&#44; a second operation was performed to complete the pneumonectomy&#44; to perform a hilar and mediastinal lymphadenectomy&#44; and to remove the affected right paratracheal node&#44; which measured 5 cm in diameter&#46; The pathological diagnosis was recurrent bronchial carcinoid tumor with metastasis to a paratracheal node&#46; Other nodes and the margin of resection were not affected by neoplasia &#40;pT<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>N<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>M<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span>&#41;&#46; At no time did the patient present the general symptoms of carcinoid syndrome&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> According to a multicenter study conducted in Spain by the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery &#40;the EMETNE-SEPAR study&#41;&#44; mediastinal node involvement is found in 4&#46;15&#37; of type I neuroendocrine carcinomas&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span> In that study&#44; 2 out of 261 patients developed local recurrence&#46; Overall survival rates at 5 and 10 years were over 93&#37;&#46; Filosso et al<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span> found significant differences in the prognosis of patients with nodal involvement and&#47;or recurrence&#46; However&#44; correct evaluation of the effect of recurrence and mediastinal involvement on prognosis is particularly difficult in typical carcinoids given the limited number of cases&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> With respect to treatment&#44; differences of opinion can be found in the literature regarding the value of conservative&#44; parenchymal-sparing surgery&#46; While some authors defend the hypothesis that the long-term survival of patients undergoing conservative resections is unaffected by nodal involvement&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span> others believe that nodal spread of the disease represents a contraindication for bronchoplasty&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In the case under discussion&#44; two aggressive mechanisms uncommon in typical carcinoids were present&#58; local recurrence and mediastinal nodal involvement&#46; It is therefore difficult to establish the prognostic implications with exactitude&#46; However&#44; this case does highlight the importance of performing oncologically curative surgery and a routine lymphadenectomy that will make it possible to stage these patients correctly&#46;</p>"
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Type 1 Neuroendocrine Pulmonary Tumor: Local Recurrence With Mediastinal Involvement
Tumor pulmonar neuroendocrino tipo I: recidiva local con afectación mediastínica
JE. Rivo Vázqueza, E. García Fontána, MA. Cañizares Carreteroa
a Servicio de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Universitario Xeral-Cíes, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
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    "textoCompleto" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"> To the Editor&#58;</span> Bronchial carcinoid tumors represent 1&#37; to 2&#37; of all lung cancers&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span> Their nomenclature has undergone constant revision over recent decades&#46; According to the criteria drawn up by the World Health Organization in 1982 they were classified into two groups&#44; typical and atypical&#46; In the classification devised by Dresler et al<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> in 1997&#44; the type of tumor previously classified as a typical carcinoid in the earlier criteria was redefined as a type 1 neuroendocrine carcinoma&#46; This denomination reflects the fact that this is not a benign process&#44; but rather a carcinoma of low-grade malignancy in the neuroendocrine pulmonary tumor scale&#46; In a study carried out by Pareja et al&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span> over two thirds of resected carcinoid tumors were type 1&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">We present the case of an otherwise healthy 27-year-old woman diagnosed with a bronchial carcinoid tumor &#40;pT<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>N<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>M<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span>&#41; in whom a bilobectomy &#40;lower and middle lobes&#41; was performed&#46; Histology revealed a tumor composed of medium-sized polygonal cells&#44; with slightly granular cytoplasm and round uniform nuclei&#44; which were only slightly hyperchromatic&#46; Mitosis was scant&#46; These cells were organized such that the tumor presented a pattern of organoid growth &#40;Figure&#41;&#46; Immunohistochemistry revealed a very strong expression of chromogranin&#46; The margin of the bronchial resection was free of neoplasia&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="260v39n11-13053345tab01.gif"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Figure&#46; Normal bronchial epithelium &#40;lower right-hand corner&#41;&#44; with proliferation of neoplastic tissue in the bronchial airway&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The patient remained disease-free for 7 years&#44; at which time a broadening of the mediastinum was observed in a routine x-ray&#46; Further exploration of the area using computed tomography &#40;CT&#41; revealed right paratracheal adenopathy that had not been present in earlier studies &#40;a lymph node 2&#46;5 in diameter&#41;&#46; Positron emission tomography showed intense uptake in the right paratracheal region in an area that coincided with the lesion visible in the CT scan&#46; Fiberoptic bronchoscopy detected a tumorous growth of 0&#46;5 cm in the bronchial stump&#46; Bronchial biopsy revealed a carcinoid tumor&#44; which tested positive for chromogranin in the immunohistochemical panel performed&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> When the diagnosis of recurrent carcinoid tumor had been confirmed&#44; a second operation was performed to complete the pneumonectomy&#44; to perform a hilar and mediastinal lymphadenectomy&#44; and to remove the affected right paratracheal node&#44; which measured 5 cm in diameter&#46; The pathological diagnosis was recurrent bronchial carcinoid tumor with metastasis to a paratracheal node&#46; Other nodes and the margin of resection were not affected by neoplasia &#40;pT<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>N<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>M<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span>&#41;&#46; At no time did the patient present the general symptoms of carcinoid syndrome&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> According to a multicenter study conducted in Spain by the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery &#40;the EMETNE-SEPAR study&#41;&#44; mediastinal node involvement is found in 4&#46;15&#37; of type I neuroendocrine carcinomas&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span> In that study&#44; 2 out of 261 patients developed local recurrence&#46; Overall survival rates at 5 and 10 years were over 93&#37;&#46; Filosso et al<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span> found significant differences in the prognosis of patients with nodal involvement and&#47;or recurrence&#46; However&#44; correct evaluation of the effect of recurrence and mediastinal involvement on prognosis is particularly difficult in typical carcinoids given the limited number of cases&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> With respect to treatment&#44; differences of opinion can be found in the literature regarding the value of conservative&#44; parenchymal-sparing surgery&#46; While some authors defend the hypothesis that the long-term survival of patients undergoing conservative resections is unaffected by nodal involvement&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span> others believe that nodal spread of the disease represents a contraindication for bronchoplasty&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In the case under discussion&#44; two aggressive mechanisms uncommon in typical carcinoids were present&#58; local recurrence and mediastinal nodal involvement&#46; It is therefore difficult to establish the prognostic implications with exactitude&#46; However&#44; this case does highlight the importance of performing oncologically curative surgery and a routine lymphadenectomy that will make it possible to stage these patients correctly&#46;</p>"
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Article information
ISSN: 15792129
Original language: English
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2015 August 25 7 32
2015 July 35 8 43
2015 June 28 7 35
2015 May 52 11 63
2015 April 19 10 29
2015 March 32 13 45
2015 February 24 2 26
2015 January 22 3 25
2014 December 30 7 37
2014 November 31 7 38
2014 October 57 6 63
2014 September 27 6 33
2014 August 63 8 71
2014 July 68 9 77
2014 June 49 4 53
2014 May 46 10 56
2014 April 48 9 57
2014 March 39 9 48
2014 February 38 8 46
2014 January 28 6 34
2013 December 35 4 39
2013 November 33 6 39
2013 October 29 10 39
2013 September 36 6 42
2013 August 39 11 50
2013 July 40 12 52
2013 June 41 5 46
2013 May 40 5 45
2013 April 23 4 27
2013 March 9 2 11
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