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Vol. 39. Issue 9.
Pages 405-408 (September 2003)
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Vol. 39. Issue 9.
Pages 405-408 (September 2003)
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El ruido monótono no afecta a las capacidades cognitivas en pacientes con síndrome de apnea del sueño
Steady Car Engine Noise Does Not Affect the Cognitive Abilities of Sleep Apnea Syndrome Patients
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L.R. Mayoralas, F. Barbé, A. Muñoz, A.G.N. Agustí
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aagusti@hsd.es

Correspondencia: Servei de Pneumologia. Hospital Universitari Son Dureta. Andrea Doria, 55. 07014 Palma de Mallorca. España
Servei Pneumologia. Hospital Universitari Son Dureta. Palma de Mallorca. Illes Balears. España
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Los accidentes de tráfico son más frecuentes en pacientes con síndrome de apnea del sueño (SAS) que en la población general. Los mecanismos que subyacen a esta observación están poco definidos. Nuestra hipótesis de trabajo fue que en pacientes con SAS el ruido monótono generado por el motor de un coche puede alterar las capacidades cognitivas potencialmente relacionados con la conducción y, de esta forma, incrementar el riesgo de padecer accidentes de tráfico.

Para probar esta hipótesis se diseñó un trabajo prospectivo, aleatorio y controlado. Se incluyó a 18 pacientes con SAS (índice de apnea-hipopnea 62 ± 6 h−1) y 18 controles sanos. Todos los participantes fueron evaluados (de forma aleatoria) en condiciones basales y estando sometidos al ruido del motor de un coche que había sido previamente grabado en un disco compacto. Se evaluaron el nivel de vigilancia (Steer-Clear®) y el tiempo de reacción (PVT 192®). La atención, coordinación y memoria se exploraron mediante los siguientes tests: dígitos directos e inversos de la escala de memoria de Wechsler, clave de números de la escala de inteligencia de Wechsler y el trailmaking tests A y B de Lezack.

Los pacientes fueron ligeramente más jóvenes que los controles (50 ± 7 frente a 57 ± 11 años; p=0,05). Comparados con los controles, los pacientes mostraron un nivel de vigilancia inferior tanto en situación basal como con ruido (p < 0,05). El resto de las variables estudiadas no fueron diferentes entre los grupos. La exposición a un ruido monótono no modificó los tests realizados en ningún grupo.

En conclusión, los resultados de nuestro estudio no apoyan la hipótesis de que el ruido monótono generado por el motor de un coche altere de forma significativa la capacidad cognitiva en pacientes con SAS.

Palabras clave:
Coordinación
Somnolencia diurna
Tiempo de reacción
Vigilancia

Traffic accidents are more frequent for sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) patients than in the population at large. The mechanisms that underlie this observation are poorly defined. Our working hypothesis was that in SAS patients the steady noise of a car engine might alter cognitive capacities that may be involved in driving, thus increasing the risk of traffic accidents.

To test this hypothesis we designed a prospective randomized controlled trial. Eighteen SAS patients (apnea-hypopnea index [SEM] 62 [6] h−1) and 18 healthy controls were studied. All the participants were evaluated in random order both in basal conditions and after exposure to the steady noise of a car engine recorded on a compact disc. Their level of vigilance was evaluated (Steer-Clear®) as well as their reaction time (PVT 192®). Attention, coordination, and memory were measured using the following tests: Wechsler Memory Scale (digit span), the Wechsler Intelligence Scale (digit symbol), and Lezack's Trail Making tests A and B. The SAS patients were slightly younger than the control group (mean 50 [7] vs 57 [11] years, respectively; P=.05). The patients showed a lower level of vigilance than the controls both in basal and engine noise conditions (P < .05). No differences between groups were found for the other variables studied. Exposure to steady car engine noise had no effect on the tests of either group. In conclusion, the results of our study do not support the hypothesis that steady car engine noise significantly alters the cognitive ability of SAS patients.

Key words:
Coordination
Daytime sleepiness
Reaction time
Vigilance
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Estudio subvencionado en parte por Carburos Metálicos (Air Products) y ABEMAR

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