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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Presentamos una serie de 896 toracoseopias en derrames pleurales&#44; de las cuales el 78&#37; &#40;662&#47;896&#41; correspondieron a carcinomatosis pleurales&#44; tanto primarias como metast&#225;sicas&#46;</p><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se observa un aumento creciente de la patolog&#237;a maligna pleural&#44; sobre todo en el hemit&#243;rax derecho &#40;65&#37;&#41;&#44; y dependiente de los tumores infradiafragm&#225;ticos&#46; Existen met&#225;stasis cruzadas en ambos hemit&#243;rax tanto de los &#243;rganos pares como impares abdominales&#46; En el c&#225;ncer de pulm&#243;n las posibilidades de encontrar met&#225;stasis pleurales llegan al 77&#37;&#46; Cuando el derrame pleural es peque&#241;o &#40;menor de 500 ml&#41; las posibilidades se reducen al 22&#37;&#46; Por ello&#44; en el primer caso aconsejamos la toracoscopia y&#44; en el segundo&#44; la toracotom&#237;a&#46;</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El derrame serohem&#225;tico sigue siendo de peor pron&#243;stico &#40;84&#37; de origen metast&#225;sico&#41; y significa un estadio avanzado de metastatizaci&#243;n pleural&#46; La pleura costal&#44; en las carcinomatosis pleurales&#44; ha estado afectada en un 69&#37;&#44; llegando al 80&#37; cuando se trata de hemit&#243;rax inferior o en vecindad de tumores de mama o pulmonares&#46;</p><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La rentabilidad de las citolog&#237;as en el l&#237;quido pleural se ha cifrado en el 45&#44;9&#37;&#44; dependiendo siempre de la cantidad de met&#225;stasis&#46; A menor cantidad&#44; menos posibilidades de encontrar citolog&#237;as positivas &#40;19&#37;&#41;&#44; y en los casos generalizados de todas las pleuras&#44; este &#237;ndice aumenta hasta el 73&#37;&#46;</p><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">No encontramos justificaci&#243;n para pensar que las c&#233;lulas que se encuentran en los l&#237;quidos pleurales sean capaces de anidar y formar nichos tumorales&#46; Su origen lo encontramos&#44; m&#225;s bien&#44; en la descamaci&#243;n de las propias met&#225;stasis&#44; de los tumores pulmonares o de las linfangitis carcinomatosas por obstrucci&#243;n adenop&#225;tica&#46;</p><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La rentabilidad de la toracoscopia se presenta una vez m&#225;s como superior al resto de t&#233;cnicas de biopsia pleural&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We analyze a series of 896 thoracoscopies for pleural effusion&#44; of which 78&#37; &#40;662&#47;896&#41; were due to pleural carcinomatosis&#44; primary or metastatic&#46;</p><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Pleural malignancy was observed mainly&#44; in the right hemithorax &#40;65&#37;&#41;&#44; arising from tumors within the diaphragm&#46; The likelihood of finding pleural metastasis in lung cancer was 77&#37;&#46; When the pleural effusion is slight &#40;less than 500 ml&#41; the likelihood falls to 22&#37;&#46; We therefore advise thoracoscopy in the former and thoracotomy in the latter&#46;</p><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Blood-stained effusion continues to have the worst prognosis &#40;84&#37; stemming from metastasis&#41; and signifies an advanced stage of pleural metastasis&#46; The pleura parietal is involved in 69&#37; of pleural carcinomatosis cases&#44; and in 80&#37; when the lower hemithorax or the area around breast or lung tumors are involved&#46;</p><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The cytology yield was 45&#46;9&#37;&#44; though always depending on extent of metastasis&#46; When metastasis was slight&#44; the likelihood of positive cytology was less &#40;19&#37;&#41; and when metastasis was generalized throughout the entire pleura the likelihood increased to 73&#37;&#46;</p><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We found no reason to think that the cells in most pleural liquids are able to nest and form tumoral niches&#46; The origin of such cell nests was rather found to be in shedding from the metastases themselves&#44; from lung tumors or from carcinomatous lymphangitis by lymphatic obstruction&#46;</p><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The diagnostic yield of thoracoscopy once again proved to be superior to that of pleural biopsy&#46;</p></span>"
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Vol. 32. Issue 9.
Pages 453-458 (November 1996)
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Vol. 32. Issue 9.
Pages 453-458 (November 1996)
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El llamado derrame pleural maligno: una nueva revisión sobre aspectos directos extraídos mediante la pleuroscopia diagnóstica
Malignant pleural effusion: a new review of data from diagnostic pleuroscopy
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A. Cantó1, A. Arnau, J. Galbis, E. Martín, R. Guijarro, A. Fernández, P. Martínez, E. Pareja
Servicio de Cirugía Torácica. Hospital General Universitario. Valencia
M. Martorell*, R. García-Aguado**, G. Rico**
* Servicio de Anatomía Patológica. Hospital General Universitario. Valencia
** Servicio de Anestesiología. Hospital General Universitario. Valencia
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Statistics

Presentamos una serie de 896 toracoseopias en derrames pleurales, de las cuales el 78% (662/896) correspondieron a carcinomatosis pleurales, tanto primarias como metastásicas.

Se observa un aumento creciente de la patología maligna pleural, sobre todo en el hemitórax derecho (65%), y dependiente de los tumores infradiafragmáticos. Existen metástasis cruzadas en ambos hemitórax tanto de los órganos pares como impares abdominales. En el cáncer de pulmón las posibilidades de encontrar metástasis pleurales llegan al 77%. Cuando el derrame pleural es pequeño (menor de 500 ml) las posibilidades se reducen al 22%. Por ello, en el primer caso aconsejamos la toracoscopia y, en el segundo, la toracotomía.

El derrame serohemático sigue siendo de peor pronóstico (84% de origen metastásico) y significa un estadio avanzado de metastatización pleural. La pleura costal, en las carcinomatosis pleurales, ha estado afectada en un 69%, llegando al 80% cuando se trata de hemitórax inferior o en vecindad de tumores de mama o pulmonares.

La rentabilidad de las citologías en el líquido pleural se ha cifrado en el 45,9%, dependiendo siempre de la cantidad de metástasis. A menor cantidad, menos posibilidades de encontrar citologías positivas (19%), y en los casos generalizados de todas las pleuras, este índice aumenta hasta el 73%.

No encontramos justificación para pensar que las células que se encuentran en los líquidos pleurales sean capaces de anidar y formar nichos tumorales. Su origen lo encontramos, más bien, en la descamación de las propias metástasis, de los tumores pulmonares o de las linfangitis carcinomatosas por obstrucción adenopática.

La rentabilidad de la toracoscopia se presenta una vez más como superior al resto de técnicas de biopsia pleural.

Palabras clave:
Derrame pleural maligno
Toracoscopia
Neoplasia pleural

We analyze a series of 896 thoracoscopies for pleural effusion, of which 78% (662/896) were due to pleural carcinomatosis, primary or metastatic.

Pleural malignancy was observed mainly, in the right hemithorax (65%), arising from tumors within the diaphragm. The likelihood of finding pleural metastasis in lung cancer was 77%. When the pleural effusion is slight (less than 500 ml) the likelihood falls to 22%. We therefore advise thoracoscopy in the former and thoracotomy in the latter.

Blood-stained effusion continues to have the worst prognosis (84% stemming from metastasis) and signifies an advanced stage of pleural metastasis. The pleura parietal is involved in 69% of pleural carcinomatosis cases, and in 80% when the lower hemithorax or the area around breast or lung tumors are involved.

The cytology yield was 45.9%, though always depending on extent of metastasis. When metastasis was slight, the likelihood of positive cytology was less (19%) and when metastasis was generalized throughout the entire pleura the likelihood increased to 73%.

We found no reason to think that the cells in most pleural liquids are able to nest and form tumoral niches. The origin of such cell nests was rather found to be in shedding from the metastases themselves, from lung tumors or from carcinomatous lymphangitis by lymphatic obstruction.

The diagnostic yield of thoracoscopy once again proved to be superior to that of pleural biopsy.

Key words:
Malignant pleural effusion
Thoracoscopy
Pleural neoplasia
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Copyright © 1996. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
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