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Vol. 33. Issue 7.
Pages 325-330 (July - August 1997)
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Vol. 33. Issue 7.
Pages 325-330 (July - August 1997)
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El esputo inducido en el asma: estudio de validez y repetibilidad
Induced sputum in asthma: a study of validity and reproducibility
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J. Belda, J. Giner, P. Casan, J. Sanchis*
Unidad de Función Pulmonar. Departamento de Neumología. Hospital de la Santa Creu i de Sant Pau. Barcelona
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EI objetivo de este estudio ha sido determinar la validez y repetibilidad del proceso del recuento celular total y diferencial (RD) y de la determinación de proteína catiónica del eosinófilo (PCE) en el esputo inducido (EI).

Análisis clínico de la validez y fiabilidad de un instrumento de medida llevado a cabo en 21 asmáticos (edad: 31 [14] años, FEV1: 78 [21]% val. referencia, PC20FEV1: 0,02 [1,1] mg/ml) y 10 sujetos sanos (30 [3] años, FEV1: 99 [12]% val. referencia, PC20FEV1: >8 [3,7]mg/ml).

De cada individuo se obtuvo una muestra de esputo con suero salino hipertónico. Se separaron los tapones bronquiales de la saliva y se distribuyeron en dos porciones con la mínima contaminación de células escamosas posible. Ambas porciones fueron tratadas independiente y simultáneamente antes de 2h, con una solución de dithiothreitol para dispersar las células y centrifugarlas. El sobrenadante se decantó y congeló a -70 °C para la posterior determinación de la PCE. El sedimento se tiñó con las tinciones de Papanicolaou, azul de toluidina y hematoxilina-eosina. El RD se expresó como porcentaje del total de células inflamatorias. La PCE se determinó con un CAP-System y el kit comercial (Pharmacia Diagnostics S.A., Uppsala, Suecia).

Dos sujetos de cada grupo fueron incapaces de producir una muestra adecuada de esputo (un 20% de los sanos y un 10% de los asmáticos). La validez del método se comprobó al obtenerse diferencias significativas entre asmáticos y sujetos sanos, tanto en el número de eosinófilos como en la PCE del EI. La repetibilidad del método se comprobó por la diferencia entre ambas porciones del EI, que no fue significativa para los diferentes tipos celulares, ni para la determinación de PCE. EI coeficiente de correlación intraclase entre las porciones deI EI osciló entre el 48 y el 77% para todos los tipos celulares, excepto para las células escamosas, que fue del 18%; para la PCE fue del 98%.

El RD y la determinación de PCE en el esputo inducido por suero salino hipertónico son válidos y repetibles.

Palabras clave:
Esputo inducido
Asma
Marcadores inflamación

To assess the validity and reproducibility of determining total and differential cell (DC) counts and of eosinophilic cationic protein (EPC) levels in induced sputum.

Clinical analysis of validity and reliability of a measurement tool.

Twenty-one asthmatics [age: 31(14) years; FEV1: 78(21)% of reference value; PC20FEV1: 0.02(1.l)mg/ml] and 10 healthy subjects [age: 30(3) years, FEV1: 99(12)% of reference value, PC20FEV1: >8(3.7)mg/ml].

A sputum sample was collected from each individual using hypertonic saline. Sputum was separated from saliva and then divided into two portions as uncontaminated as possible by squamous cells. Both portions were treated independently and simultaneously within two hours with a solution of bithiothreitol to disperse the cells, and then centrifuged. The supernatant was poured off and frozen al -70° for later determination of EPC. The sediment was stained with Papanicolaou stain, toluidine blue and eosinhematoxylin. DC count was expressed as a percentage of total inflamatory cells. ECP was determined with a CAP-System and a commercial kit (Pharmacia Diagnostics SA, Uppsala, Sweden).

Two subjects in each group were unable to produce valid sputum samples (20% of healthy subjects and 10% of asthmatics). The validity of the method was demonstrated by significant differences between asthmatics and healthy subjects in both eosinophil and EPC levels. The reproducibility of method was verified by comparing the results for the sputum fractions; no significant differences were found in cell counts or EPC levels. The within-group correlation coefficients for the sputum fractions ranges between 48 and 77% for all cell types, except squamous cells, which gave a coefficient of 18%. For EPC the correlation coefficient was 98%.

DC and EPC determinations in sputum induced by hypertonic saline are valid and reproducible.

Key words:
Induced sputum
Asthma
Inflamatory markers
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Copyright © 1997. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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