array:23 [
  "pii" => "S1579212906602425"
  "issn" => "15792129"
  "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(06)60242-5"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2005-07-01"
  "aid" => "60242"
  "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2005"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2005;41:363-70"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 1976
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 113
      "HTML" => 1264
      "PDF" => 599
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S1579212906602437"
    "issn" => "15792129"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(06)60243-7"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2005-07-01"
    "aid" => "60243"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2005;41:371-5"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 2261
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 107
        "HTML" => 1498
        "PDF" => 656
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Articles</span>"
      "titulo" => "Agreement in Asthmatics&#39; Perception of Dyspnea During Acute and Chronic Obstruction"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "371"
          "paginaFinal" => "375"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "E&#46; Mart&#237;nez-Morag&#243;n, M&#46; Perpi&#241;&#225;, A&#46; Belloch, A&#46; de Diego, M&#46;E&#46; Mart&#237;nez-Franc&#233;s"
          "autores" => array:5 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "preGrado" => "Dra&#46;"
              "nombre" => "E&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Mart&#237;nez-Morag&#243;n"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Perpi&#241;&#225;"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Belloch"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "de Diego"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M&#46;E&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Mart&#237;nez-Franc&#233;s"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212906602437?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"
    "url" => "/15792129/0000004100000007/v1_201305150220/S1579212906602437/v1_201305150220/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S1579212906602413"
    "issn" => "15792129"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S1579-2129(06)60241-3"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2005-07-01"
    "aid" => "60241"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Neumolog&#237;a y Cirug&#237;a Tor&#225;cica &#40;SEPAR&#41;"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "edi"
    "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2005;41:360-2"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 2388
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 90
        "HTML" => 1700
        "PDF" => 598
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:8 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial</span>"
      "titulo" => "Women and Smoking&#58; Fatal Attraction"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "360"
          "paginaFinal" => "362"
        ]
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "I&#46; Ner&#237;n"
          "autores" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "preGrado" => "Dra&#46;"
              "nombre" => "I&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Ner&#237;n"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212906602413?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"
    "url" => "/15792129/0000004100000007/v1_201305150220/S1579212906602413/v1_201305150220/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:15 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Articles</span>"
    "titulo" => "Effects of HIV Status and Other Variables on the Outcome of Tuberculosis Treatment in Spain"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "363"
        "paginaFinal" => "370"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "M&#46; D&#237;ez Ruiz-Navarro, J&#46;A&#46; Hern&#225;ndez Espinosa, M&#46;J&#46; Bleda Hern&#225;ndez, A&#46; D&#237;az Franco, C&#46; Castells Carrillo, A&#46; Dom&#237;nguez Garc&#237;a, A&#46;M&#46; Garc&#237;a Fulgueiras, P&#46; Gayoso Diz, M&#46;J&#46; L&#243;pez de Valdivielso, M&#46;F&#46; V&#225;zquez Fern&#225;ndez"
        "autores" => array:11 [
          0 => array:5 [
            "preGrado" => "Dr&#46;"
            "nombre" => "M&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "D&#237;ez Ruiz-Navarro"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "mdiez&#64;isciii&#46;es"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "J&#46;A&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Hern&#225;ndez Espinosa"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "M&#46;J&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Bleda Hern&#225;ndez"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "A&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "D&#237;az Franco"
          ]
          4 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "C&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Castells Carrillo"
          ]
          5 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "A&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Dom&#237;nguez Garc&#237;a"
          ]
          6 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "A&#46;M&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Garc&#237;a Fulgueiras"
          ]
          7 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "P&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Gayoso Diz"
          ]
          8 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "M&#46;J&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "L&#243;pez de Valdivielso"
          ]
          9 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "M&#46;F&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "V&#225;zquez Fern&#225;ndez"
          ]
          10 => array:2 [
            "colaborador" => "on behalf of the PMIT-2 Working Group"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "fn1"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:1 [
          0 => array:1 [
            "entidad" => "Unidad de Investigaci&#243;n en Tuberculosis&#44; Centro Nacional de Epidemiolog&#237;a&#44; Instituto de Salud Carlos III&#44; Madrid&#44; Spain"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor1"
            "etiqueta" => "&#42;"
            "correspondencia" => "Correspondence&#58; Dr&#46; M&#46; D&#237;ez&#46; Unidad de Investigaci&#243;n en Tuberculosis&#46; Instituto de Salud Carlos III&#46; Sinesio Delgado&#44; 6&#46; 28029 Madrid&#46; Espa&#241;a"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2004-07-08"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2005-01-18"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Key words"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154102"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Outcome of tuberculosis treatment"
            1 => "Potentially unsatisfactory outcome"
            2 => "HIV status"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec154103"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Resultados del tratamiento antituberculoso"
            1 => "Resultado potencialmente insatisfactorio"
            2 => "Estado VIH"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">TO analyze the effect of human immunodeficiency virus &#40;HIV&#41; status and other variables on the outcome of tuberculosis treatment in Spain&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and methods</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Multicenter retrospective cohort study in 6 autonomous communities of Spain &#40;from May 1996 to April 1997&#41;&#46; Data on treatment outcome were collected for new cases of tuberculosis in accordance with European guidelines&#46; Follow up of patients continued for 3 months after scheduled end of treatment&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Of the 4899 patients included&#44; 3417 &#40;69&#46;7&#37;&#41; had a satisfactory outcome&#44; 438 &#40;8&#46;9&#37;&#41; died before or during treatment&#44; and 1044 &#40;21&#46;4&#37;&#41; had a potentially unsatisfactory outcome&#46; On stratification by HIV status&#44; satisfactory outcome&#44; mortality&#44; and potentially unsatisfactory outcome were reported for 43&#46;4&#37;&#44; 21&#46;5&#37;&#44; and 35&#46;1&#37;&#44; respectively&#44; of HIV-positive patients&#59; 71&#37;&#44; 6&#46;2&#37;&#44; and 22&#46;8&#37;&#44; respectively&#44; of HIV-negative patients&#59; and 74&#46;3&#37;&#44; 7&#46;5&#37;&#44; and 18&#46;2&#37;&#44; respectively&#44; of patients with no HIV status available&#46; HIV modified the effect of several variables on the outcome of treatment&#44; and so separate logistic regression models for each HIV category were constructed&#46; Among HIV-positive patients&#44; mortality increased in patients with neoplastic disease and in users of drugs by nonintravenous routes of administration&#44; whereas potentially unsatisfactory outcomes increased in intravenous drug users and in women&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In Spain&#44; the outcome of tuberculosis treatment is much worse in HIV-positive patients&#46; Drug use and presence of neoplastic disease substantially affect mortality&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Analizar el efecto del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana &#40;VIH&#41; y otras variables sobre el resultado del tratamiento antituberculoso en Espa&#241;a&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes y m&#233;todos</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio multic&#233;ntrico de cohorte retrospectivo en 6 comunidades aut&#243;nomas &#40;de mayo de 1996 a abril de 1997&#41;&#46; Se recogi&#243; informaci&#243;n sobre el resultado del tratamiento en casos nuevos de tuberculosis siguiendo la normativa europea&#46; Se realiz&#243; seguimiento de los casos hasta 3 meses despu&#233;s de la fecha prevista de finalizaci&#243;n del tratamiento&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">De los 4&#46;899 pacientes incluidos&#44; se observ&#243; un resultado satisfactorio en 3&#46;417 &#40;69&#44;7&#37;&#41;&#44; 438 &#40;8&#44;9&#37;&#41; murieron antes o durante el tratamiento y 1&#46;044 &#40;21&#44;4&#37;&#41; tuvieron un resultado potencialmente insatisfactorio&#46; Estratificando por el estado de la infecci&#243;n por el VIH&#44; las cifras fueron&#44; respectivamente&#58; para los que la presentaban&#44; del 43&#44;4&#44; el 21&#44;5 y el 35&#44;1&#37;&#59; para los seronegativos&#44; del 71&#44; el 6&#44;2 y el 22&#44;8&#37;&#44; y para aquellos en quienes no constaba&#44; del 74&#44;3&#44; el 7&#44;5 y el 18&#44;2&#37;&#46; El VIH modificaba el efecto de diversas variables sobre el resultado del tratamiento&#44; por lo que se ajustaron modelos de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica separados para cada categor&#237;a VIH&#46; Entre los seropositivos&#44; la mortalidad aument&#243; en enfermos con neoplasias y en usuarios de drogas por v&#237;as distintas de la parenteral&#44; mientras que los resultados potencialmente insatisfactorios aumentaron en usuarios de drogas por v&#237;a intravenosa y en las mujeres&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En Espa&#241;a&#44; el resultado del tratamiento antituberculoso es mucho peor en enfermos infectados por el VIH&#46; El uso de drogas y el hecho de padecer neoplasias tienen un papel importante sobre la mortalidad&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#42;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">The members of the PMIT-2 working group are listed at the end of the article&#46; This work received financial support from the Fondo de Investigaci&#243;n Sanitaria &#40;Health Resarch Fund&#41;&#44; project no&#46; 99&#47;0016&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "REFERENCES"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:1 [
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:32 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib1"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "World Health Organization"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:3 [
                        "titulo" => "WHO Tuberculosis Program&#58; Framework for effective tuberculosis control"
                        "paginaInicial" => "179"
                        "serieFecha" => "1994"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib2"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Standardised tuberculosis treatment outcome monitoring in Europe&#8212;Recommendations of a Working Group of the World Health Organization and the European Region of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease &#40;IUATLD&#41; for uniform reporting by cohort analysis of treatment outcome in tuberculosis patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "J Veen"
                            1 => "M Raviglione"
                            2 => "H Rieder"
                            3 => "G Migliori"
                            4 => "P Graf"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "paginaInicial" => "505"
                        "paginaFinal" => "510"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9727811"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib3"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "EuroTB &#40;INVS&#47;KNCV&#41; and the national coordinators for tuberculosis surveillance in the WHO European Region&#46; Surveillance of tuberculosis in Europe&#46; Report on tuberculosis case notified in 2001&#46; 2003&#46; p&#46; 1-120&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib4"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "European Centre for the Epidemiological Monitoring of AIDS"
                          "etal" => false
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:4 [
                        "titulo" => "HIV&#47;AIDS surveillance in Europe&#46; Mid-year report 2002"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "editorial" => "Institut de Veille Sanitaire"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Saint-Maurice"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib5"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Descenso de la incidencia de tuberculosis siguiendo la introducci&#243;n de los nuevos tratamientos frente al VIH"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "J Castilla Catal&#225;n"
                            1 => "L Guerra Romero"
                            2 => "J Ca&#241;&#243;n Campos"
                            3 => "I Noguer Zambrano"
                            4 => "F Parras V&#225;zquez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Clin Esp"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "199"
                        "paginaInicial" => "76"
                        "paginaFinal" => "77"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib6"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tuberculosis in Spain&#58; epidemiological pattern and clinical practice"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M D&#237;ez"
                            1 => "C Huerta"
                            2 => "T Moreno"
                            3 => "T Caloto"
                            4 => "D Guerra"
                            5 => "F Pozo"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "295"
                        "paginaFinal" => "300"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11936737"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib7"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The spread of AIDS and the re-emergence of tuberculosis in Catalonia&#44; Spain"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M Vall Mayans"
                            1 => "A Maguire"
                            2 => "M Miret"
                            3 => "J Alcaide"
                            4 => "I Parron"
                            5 => "J Casabona"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "AIDS"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "1"
                        "paginaInicial" => "499"
                        "paginaFinal" => "505"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib8"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Resultados del tratamiento antituberculoso en seis comunidades aut&#243;nomas espa&#241;olas"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M D&#237;ez Ruiz-Navarro"
                            1 => "J Hern&#225;ndez Espinosa"
                            2 => "T Caloto Gonz&#225;lez"
                            3 => "C Castells Carillo"
                            4 => "A Dom&#237;nguez Garc&#237;a"
                            5 => "A Garc&#237;a Fulgueiras"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin &#40;Barc&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "117"
                        "paginaInicial" => "474"
                        "paginaFinal" => "480"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib9"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "D Hosmer"
                            1 => "A Lemeshow"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:5 [
                        "edicion" => "2nd edition"
                        "titulo" => "Applied logistic regression"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "editorial" => "Wiley-Intersciencie"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "New York"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib10"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "StataCorp"
                          "etal" => false
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:4 [
                        "titulo" => "Stata Statistical Software&#58; Release 6&#46;0"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "editorial" => "Stata Corporation"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "College Station&#44; TX"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib11"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Outcome of patients treated for tuberculosis in Vaud County&#44; Switzerland"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J Zellweger"
                            1 => "P Coulon"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "2"
                        "numero" => "5"
                        "paginaInicial" => "372"
                        "paginaFinal" => "377"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9613632"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib12"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "Grupo de Trabajo del PMIT&#47;Grupo de trabajo del PMETA"
                          "etal" => false
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:4 [
                        "titulo" => "La tuberculosis en Andaluc&#237;a&#46; Resultados de los Proyectos Multic&#233;ntricos PMITA-PMETA"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "editorial" => "Junta de Andaluc&#237;a&#44; Consejer&#237;a de Salud"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Seville"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib13"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Factors predicting non-completion of tuberculosis treatment among HIV-infected patients in Barcelona &#40;1987-1996&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "H Gald&#243;s Tang&#252;is"
                            1 => "J Cayl&#225;"
                            2 => "P Garc&#237;a de Olalla"
                            3 => "J Jans&#225;"
                            4 => "T Brugal"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "4"
                        "numero" => "1"
                        "paginaInicial" => "55"
                        "paginaFinal" => "60"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10654645"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib14"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Resultados del tratamiento de la tuberculosis inicial en el &#225;rea sur de Sevilla en un per&#237;odo de 5 a&#241;os &#40;1994-1998&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "F Campos Rodr&#237;guez"
                            1 => "F Mu&#241;oz Lucena"
                            2 => "S Umbr&#237;a Dom&#237;nguez"
                            3 => "C M&#233;ndez"
                            4 => "M Nogales P&#233;rez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "37"
                        "paginaInicial" => "177"
                        "paginaFinal" => "183"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11412502"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib15"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Follow-up of tuberculosis cases diagnosed in Galicia&#44; Spain in 1995"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M Blanco-Aparicio"
                            1 => "E Fern&#225;ndez"
                            2 => "L Anibarro"
                            3 => "E V&#225;zquez"
                            4 => "R Lema"
                            5 => "A Penas"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "1"
                        "numero" => "5"
                        "paginaInicial" => "S73"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib16"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Six-month supervised intermittent tuberculosis therapy in Haitian patients with and without HIV infection"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R Chaisson"
                            1 => "H Clermont"
                            2 => "E Holt"
                            3 => "M Cantave"
                            4 => "M Johnson"
                            5 => "J Atkinson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.154.4.8887603"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "154"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1034"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1038"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8887603"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0034935610701912"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "00349356"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib17"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Human immunodeficiency virus and the outcome of treatment for new and recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis in African patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "J Murray"
                            1 => "P Sonnenberg"
                            2 => "C Stuart"
                            3 => "C Shearer"
                            4 => "P Godfrey-Faussett"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.159.3.9804147"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "159"
                        "numero" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "733"
                        "paginaFinal" => "740"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10051244"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib18"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment in the tertiary care setting-Toronto 1992&#47;93&#46; Tuberculosis Treatment Completion Study Group"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "W Wobeser"
                            1 => "L Yuan"
                            2 => "M Naus"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "CMAJ"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "160"
                        "paginaInicial" => "789"
                        "paginaFinal" => "794"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10189422"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib19"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "DOTS-based tuberculosis treatment and control during civil conflict and an HIV epidemic&#44; Churachandpur District&#44; India"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "A Rodger"
                            1 => "M Toole"
                            2 => "B Lalnuntluangi"
                            3 => "V Muana"
                            4 => "P Deutschmann"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Bull WHO"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "80"
                        "paginaInicial" => "451"
                        "paginaFinal" => "456"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12132001"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib20"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A review of efficacy studies of a 6-month short-course therapy for tuberculosis among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus&#58; differences in study outcomes"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "W el-Sadr"
                            1 => "D Perlman"
                            2 => "E Denning"
                            3 => "J Matts"
                            4 => "D Cohn"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1086/318706"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Infect Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "32"
                        "numero" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "623"
                        "paginaFinal" => "632"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11181127"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib21"
              "etiqueta" => "21"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Fondo de Investigaci&#243;n Sanitaria&#46; Consenso Nacional para el Control de la Tuberculosis en Espa&#241;a"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo"
                          "etal" => false
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin &#40;Barc&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "1992"
                        "volumen" => "98"
                        "paginaInicial" => "24"
                        "paginaFinal" => "31"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib22"
              "etiqueta" => "22"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "colaboracion" => "WHO"
                          "etal" => false
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:4 [
                        "titulo" => "Global Tuberculosis Programme&#46; Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in the world&#46; The WHO&#47;IUATLD Global project on anti-tuberculosis drug resistance surveillance 1994-1997"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "editorial" => "WHO"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Geneva"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib23"
              "etiqueta" => "23"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Farmacorresistencia de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis&#46;</span> Estudio multic&#233;ntrico en el &#225;rea de Barcelona"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "N Mart&#237;n-Casabona"
                            1 => "F Alcaide"
                            2 => "P Coll"
                            3 => "J Gonz&#225;lez"
                            4 => "J Manterola"
                            5 => "M Sald&#243;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin &#40;Barc&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "115"
                        "paginaInicial" => "493"
                        "paginaFinal" => "581"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib24"
              "etiqueta" => "24"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Resistencias de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> en Zaragoza &#40;1993-1997&#41; y factores asociados"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "L Torres"
                            1 => "P Arazo"
                            2 => "J Blas P&#233;rez"
                            3 => "MP Amador"
                            4 => "MA Lezcano"
                            5 => "MJ Revillo"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin &#40;Barc&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "115"
                        "paginaInicial" => "605"
                        "paginaFinal" => "609"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib25"
              "etiqueta" => "25"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Occurrence of tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection among HIV-positive subjects in Spain"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M D&#237;ez"
                            1 => "M Bleda"
                            2 => "M Camafort"
                            3 => "C Cepeda"
                            4 => "A Costa"
                            5 => "O Ferrero"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "numero" => "Suppl 1"
                        "paginaInicial" => "90"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib26"
              "etiqueta" => "26"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Factors influencing HIV progression in a seroconverter cohort in Madrid from 1985 to 1999"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J del Amo"
                            1 => "J del Romero"
                            2 => "A Barrasa"
                            3 => "S P&#233;rez-Hoyos"
                            4 => "C Rodr&#237;guez"
                            5 => "M D&#237;ez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Sex Transm Infect"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "78"
                        "paginaInicial" => "255"
                        "paginaFinal" => "260"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12181462"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib27"
              "etiqueta" => "27"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy in Spanish cohorts of HIV seroconverters&#58; differences by transmission category"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S P&#233;rez-Hoyos"
                            1 => "J del Amo"
                            2 => "R Muga"
                            3 => "J del Romero"
                            4 => "P Garc&#237;a de Olalla"
                            5 => "R Guerrero"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1097/01.aids.0000042940.55529.93"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "AIDS"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "17"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "7"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12478064"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib28"
              "etiqueta" => "28"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effectiveness of supervised&#44; intermittent therapy for tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K Alwood"
                            1 => "J Keruly"
                            2 => "K Moore-Rice"
                            3 => "D Stanton"
                            4 => "C Chaulk"
                            5 => "R Chaisson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "AIDS"
                        "fecha" => "1994"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1103"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1108"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7986406"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib29"
              "etiqueta" => "29"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tuberculosis prevention in methadone maintenance clinics&#46; Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "D Snyder"
                            1 => "E Paz"
                            2 => "J Mohle-Boetani"
                            3 => "R Fallstad"
                            4 => "R Black"
                            5 => "D Chin"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.160.1.9810082"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "160"
                        "numero" => "1"
                        "paginaInicial" => "178"
                        "paginaFinal" => "185"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10390397"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib30"
              "etiqueta" => "30"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Predictors of adherence to tuberculosis treatment in a supervised therapy programme for prisoners before and after release&#46; Study Group of Adherence to Tuberculosis Treatment of Prisoners"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A Marco"
                            1 => "J Cayl&#224;"
                            2 => "M Serra"
                            3 => "R Pedro"
                            4 => "C Sanrama"
                            5 => "R Guerrero"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "paginaInicial" => "967"
                        "paginaFinal" => "971"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9817177"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib31"
              "etiqueta" => "31"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Infections with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium avium</span> among HIV-infected patients after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy&#46; EuroSIDA Study Group JD"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "O Kirk"
                            1 => "J Gatell"
                            2 => "A Mocroft"
                            3 => "C Pedersen"
                            4 => "R Proenca"
                            5 => "R Brettle"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.162.3.9908018"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "162"
                        "paginaInicial" => "865"
                        "paginaFinal" => "872"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10988097"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            31 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib32"
              "etiqueta" => "32"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Treatment of tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "G Dean"
                            1 => "S Edwards"
                            2 => "N Ives"
                            3 => "G Matthews"
                            4 => "E Fox"
                            5 => "L Navaratne"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "AIDS"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "16"
                        "paginaInicial" => "75"
                        "paginaFinal" => "83"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11741165"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/15792129/0000004100000007/v1_201305150220/S1579212906602425/v1_201305150220/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => null
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/15792129/0000004100000007/v1_201305150220/S1579212906602425/v1_201305150220/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00003Z&text.app=https://archbronconeumol.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212906602425?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"
]
Share
Journal Information
Vol. 41. Issue 7.
Pages 363-370 (July 2005)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 41. Issue 7.
Pages 363-370 (July 2005)
Original Articles
Full text access
Effects of HIV Status and Other Variables on the Outcome of Tuberculosis Treatment in Spain
Visits
3802
M. Díez Ruiz-Navarro
Corresponding author
mdiez@isciii.es

Correspondence: Dr. M. Díez. Unidad de Investigación en Tuberculosis. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Sinesio Delgado, 6. 28029 Madrid. España
, J.A. Hernández Espinosa, M.J. Bleda Hernández, A. Díaz Franco, C. Castells Carrillo, A. Domínguez García, A.M. García Fulgueiras, P. Gayoso Diz, M.J. López de Valdivielso, M.F. Vázquez Fernández, on behalf of the PMIT-2 Working Group *
Unidad de Investigación en Tuberculosis, Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
This item has received
Article information
Objective

TO analyze the effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status and other variables on the outcome of tuberculosis treatment in Spain.

Patients and methods

Multicenter retrospective cohort study in 6 autonomous communities of Spain (from May 1996 to April 1997). Data on treatment outcome were collected for new cases of tuberculosis in accordance with European guidelines. Follow up of patients continued for 3 months after scheduled end of treatment.

Results

Of the 4899 patients included, 3417 (69.7%) had a satisfactory outcome, 438 (8.9%) died before or during treatment, and 1044 (21.4%) had a potentially unsatisfactory outcome. On stratification by HIV status, satisfactory outcome, mortality, and potentially unsatisfactory outcome were reported for 43.4%, 21.5%, and 35.1%, respectively, of HIV-positive patients; 71%, 6.2%, and 22.8%, respectively, of HIV-negative patients; and 74.3%, 7.5%, and 18.2%, respectively, of patients with no HIV status available. HIV modified the effect of several variables on the outcome of treatment, and so separate logistic regression models for each HIV category were constructed. Among HIV-positive patients, mortality increased in patients with neoplastic disease and in users of drugs by nonintravenous routes of administration, whereas potentially unsatisfactory outcomes increased in intravenous drug users and in women.

Conclusions

In Spain, the outcome of tuberculosis treatment is much worse in HIV-positive patients. Drug use and presence of neoplastic disease substantially affect mortality.

Key words:
Outcome of tuberculosis treatment
Potentially unsatisfactory outcome
HIV status
Objetivo

Analizar el efecto del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y otras variables sobre el resultado del tratamiento antituberculoso en España.

Pacientes y métodos

Estudio multicéntrico de cohorte retrospectivo en 6 comunidades autónomas (de mayo de 1996 a abril de 1997). Se recogió información sobre el resultado del tratamiento en casos nuevos de tuberculosis siguiendo la normativa europea. Se realizó seguimiento de los casos hasta 3 meses después de la fecha prevista de finalización del tratamiento.

Resultados

De los 4.899 pacientes incluidos, se observó un resultado satisfactorio en 3.417 (69,7%), 438 (8,9%) murieron antes o durante el tratamiento y 1.044 (21,4%) tuvieron un resultado potencialmente insatisfactorio. Estratificando por el estado de la infección por el VIH, las cifras fueron, respectivamente: para los que la presentaban, del 43,4, el 21,5 y el 35,1%; para los seronegativos, del 71, el 6,2 y el 22,8%, y para aquellos en quienes no constaba, del 74,3, el 7,5 y el 18,2%. El VIH modificaba el efecto de diversas variables sobre el resultado del tratamiento, por lo que se ajustaron modelos de regresión logística separados para cada categoría VIH. Entre los seropositivos, la mortalidad aumentó en enfermos con neoplasias y en usuarios de drogas por vías distintas de la parenteral, mientras que los resultados potencialmente insatisfactorios aumentaron en usuarios de drogas por vía intravenosa y en las mujeres.

Conclusiones

En España, el resultado del tratamiento antituberculoso es mucho peor en enfermos infectados por el VIH. El uso de drogas y el hecho de padecer neoplasias tienen un papel importante sobre la mortalidad.

Palabras clave:
Resultados del tratamiento antituberculoso
Resultado potencialmente insatisfactorio
Estado VIH
Full text is only aviable in PDF
REFERENCES
[1]
World Health Organization.
WHO Tuberculosis Program: Framework for effective tuberculosis control, pp. 179
[2]
J Veen, M Raviglione, H Rieder, G Migliori, P Graf, et al.
Standardised tuberculosis treatment outcome monitoring in Europe—Recommendations of a Working Group of the World Health Organization and the European Region of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) for uniform reporting by cohort analysis of treatment outcome in tuberculosis patients.
Eur Respir J, 12 (1998), pp. 505-510
[3]
EuroTB (INVS/KNCV) and the national coordinators for tuberculosis surveillance in the WHO European Region. Surveillance of tuberculosis in Europe. Report on tuberculosis case notified in 2001. 2003. p. 1-120.
[4]
European Centre for the Epidemiological Monitoring of AIDS.
HIV/AIDS surveillance in Europe. Mid-year report 2002, Institut de Veille Sanitaire, (2002),
[5]
J Castilla Catalán, L Guerra Romero, J Cañón Campos, I Noguer Zambrano, F Parras Vázquez.
Descenso de la incidencia de tuberculosis siguiendo la introducción de los nuevos tratamientos frente al VIH.
Rev Clin Esp, 199 (1999), pp. 76-77
[6]
M Díez, C Huerta, T Moreno, T Caloto, D Guerra, F Pozo, et al.
Tuberculosis in Spain: epidemiological pattern and clinical practice.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 6 (2002), pp. 295-300
[7]
M Vall Mayans, A Maguire, M Miret, J Alcaide, I Parron, J Casabona.
The spread of AIDS and the re-emergence of tuberculosis in Catalonia, Spain.
AIDS, 1 (1997), pp. 499-505
[8]
M Díez Ruiz-Navarro, J Hernández Espinosa, T Caloto González, C Castells Carillo, A Domínguez García, A García Fulgueiras, et al.
Resultados del tratamiento antituberculoso en seis comunidades autónomas españolas.
Med Clin (Barc), 117 (2001), pp. 474-480
[9]
D Hosmer, A Lemeshow.
Applied logistic regression, 2nd edition, Wiley-Intersciencie, (2000),
[10]
StataCorp.
Stata Statistical Software: Release 6.0, Stata Corporation, (1999),
[11]
J Zellweger, P Coulon.
Outcome of patients treated for tuberculosis in Vaud County, Switzerland.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2 (1998), pp. 372-377
[12]
Grupo de Trabajo del PMIT/Grupo de trabajo del PMETA.
La tuberculosis en Andalucía. Resultados de los Proyectos Multicéntricos PMITA-PMETA, Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Salud, (2000),
[13]
H Galdós Tangüis, J Caylá, P García de Olalla, J Jansá, T Brugal.
Factors predicting non-completion of tuberculosis treatment among HIV-infected patients in Barcelona (1987-1996).
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 4 (2000), pp. 55-60
[14]
F Campos Rodríguez, F Muñoz Lucena, S Umbría Domínguez, C Méndez, M Nogales Pérez.
Resultados del tratamiento de la tuberculosis inicial en el área sur de Sevilla en un período de 5 años (1994-1998).
Arch Bronconeumol, 37 (2001), pp. 177-183
[15]
M Blanco-Aparicio, E Fernández, L Anibarro, E Vázquez, R Lema, A Penas, et al.
Follow-up of tuberculosis cases diagnosed in Galicia, Spain in 1995.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 1 (1997), pp. S73
[16]
R Chaisson, H Clermont, E Holt, M Cantave, M Johnson, J Atkinson, et al.
Six-month supervised intermittent tuberculosis therapy in Haitian patients with and without HIV infection.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 154 (1996), pp. 1034-1038
[17]
J Murray, P Sonnenberg, C Stuart, C Shearer, P Godfrey-Faussett.
Human immunodeficiency virus and the outcome of treatment for new and recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis in African patients.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 159 (1999), pp. 733-740
[18]
W Wobeser, L Yuan, M Naus.
Outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment in the tertiary care setting-Toronto 1992/93. Tuberculosis Treatment Completion Study Group.
CMAJ, 160 (1999), pp. 789-794
[19]
A Rodger, M Toole, B Lalnuntluangi, V Muana, P Deutschmann.
DOTS-based tuberculosis treatment and control during civil conflict and an HIV epidemic, Churachandpur District, India.
Bull WHO, 80 (2002), pp. 451-456
[20]
W el-Sadr, D Perlman, E Denning, J Matts, D Cohn.
A review of efficacy studies of a 6-month short-course therapy for tuberculosis among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: differences in study outcomes.
Clin Infect Dis, 32 (2001), pp. 623-632
[21]
Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo.
Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria. Consenso Nacional para el Control de la Tuberculosis en España.
Med Clin (Barc), 98 (1992), pp. 24-31
[22]
WHO.
Global Tuberculosis Programme. Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in the world. The WHO/IUATLD Global project on anti-tuberculosis drug resistance surveillance 1994-1997, WHO, (1997),
[23]
N Martín-Casabona, F Alcaide, P Coll, J González, J Manterola, M Saldó, et al.
Farmacorresistencia de Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Estudio multicéntrico en el área de Barcelona.
Med Clin (Barc), 115 (2000), pp. 493-581
[24]
L Torres, P Arazo, J Blas Pérez, MP Amador, MA Lezcano, MJ Revillo, et al.
Resistencias de Mycobacterium tuberculosis en Zaragoza (1993-1997) y factores asociados.
Med Clin (Barc), 115 (2000), pp. 605-609
[25]
M Díez, M Bleda, M Camafort, C Cepeda, A Costa, O Ferrero, et al.
Occurrence of tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection among HIV-positive subjects in Spain.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 6 (2002), pp. 90
[26]
J del Amo, J del Romero, A Barrasa, S Pérez-Hoyos, C Rodríguez, M Díez, et al.
Factors influencing HIV progression in a seroconverter cohort in Madrid from 1985 to 1999.
Sex Transm Infect, 78 (2002), pp. 255-260
[27]
S Pérez-Hoyos, J del Amo, R Muga, J del Romero, P García de Olalla, R Guerrero, et al.
Effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy in Spanish cohorts of HIV seroconverters: differences by transmission category.
[28]
K Alwood, J Keruly, K Moore-Rice, D Stanton, C Chaulk, R Chaisson.
Effectiveness of supervised, intermittent therapy for tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients.
AIDS, 8 (1994), pp. 1103-1108
[29]
D Snyder, E Paz, J Mohle-Boetani, R Fallstad, R Black, D Chin.
Tuberculosis prevention in methadone maintenance clinics. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 160 (1999), pp. 178-185
[30]
A Marco, J Caylà, M Serra, R Pedro, C Sanrama, R Guerrero, et al.
Predictors of adherence to tuberculosis treatment in a supervised therapy programme for prisoners before and after release. Study Group of Adherence to Tuberculosis Treatment of Prisoners.
Eur Respir J, 12 (1998), pp. 967-971
[31]
O Kirk, J Gatell, A Mocroft, C Pedersen, R Proenca, R Brettle, et al.
Infections with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium among HIV-infected patients after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. EuroSIDA Study Group JD.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 162 (2000), pp. 865-872
[32]
G Dean, S Edwards, N Ives, G Matthews, E Fox, L Navaratne, et al.
Treatment of tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy.
AIDS, 16 (2002), pp. 75-83

The members of the PMIT-2 working group are listed at the end of the article. This work received financial support from the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (Health Resarch Fund), project no. 99/0016.

Copyright © 2005. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)
Archivos de Bronconeumología
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?