Journal Information
Vol. 26. Issue 8.
Pages 341-345 (November - December 1990)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 26. Issue 8.
Pages 341-345 (November - December 1990)
Full text access
Calcio y contractilidad diafragmática. modificación por las metilxantinas
Calcium and diaphragmatic contractility. Modification by methilxantines
Visits
3979
A. De Diego, M. Perpiñá, E. Morcillo
Servicio de Neumología. Hospital La Fe, Valencia
J. Oron*, J.L. Ortiz*, J. Cortijo*
* Departamento de Farmacología. Facultad de Medicina. Valencia
This item has received
Article information

En el presente estudio se han investigado las fuentes de Ca2+ utilizadas en la contractilidad diafragmática así como la modificación producida por teofilina (TE) y cafeína (CA) (5x10-5M a 5x10-4M). Para ellos, utilizamos tiras de músculo diafragmático de cobayo (0.5x15 mm) estimulado eléctricamente mediante pulsos simples de 0,2 ms, 1 Hz, aplicados 3 veces por minuto.

La respuesta contráctil o twitch tension (TT) evocada por el estímulo eléctrico fue de 84 ± 7 mg F (X ± EEM) y no se modificó en presencia de neostigmina (10-5M), pancuronio (10-5M) o tetrodotoxina (10-6 g/ml), descartando así cualquier acción indirecta del estímulo eléctrico sobre la transmisión nerviosa.

Cuando se utilizaron soluciones nutricias sin Ca2+, la contractilidad sólo disminuyó un 19 ± 3% y no se modificó en presencia de verapamil 10-5 M. Por el contrario, el dantroleno sódico produjo una disminución en la TT del 73 ± 3%.

El tratamiento con TE y CA produjo incrementos significativos en la TT del 65 ± 10% y 105 ± 13%, respectivamente. Estos incrementos tampoco se vieron modificados en presencia de verapamil 10-5 M ó solución libre de Ca2+. Asimismo, TE y CA no sólo no revirtieron los efectos inhibidores del dantroleno sino que potenciaron la TT en un 50 y un 72%, respectivamente.

Los resultados obtenidos en nuestro modelo experimental in vitro nos indican que: a) la contractilidad diafragmática, al igual que el resto de los músculos esqueléticos, sólo dependen parcialmente del Ca2+ extracelular y b) las metilxantinas ejercen un efecto potenciador de la fuerza contráctil diafragmática, no dependiente del Ca2+ extracelular y probablemente relacionado con la liberación intracelular del Ca2+.

In the present study, the sources of Ca2+ used in the diaphragmatic contractility and the changes induced by teophylline (TE) and caffeine (CA) (5 x 10-5M) were investigated. To this end we used strips of diaphragm muscle from guinea pigs (0,5 x 15 mm), électrically stimulated with simple 0,2 ms, 1 Hz pulses, delivered 3 times per minute.

The contractile response or twitch tension (TT) elicited by the electrical stimulus was 84 ± 7mg F (X ± SEM) and did not change in the presence of neostigmine (10-5M), pancuronium (10-5M) or tetrodotoxin (10-6 g/ml). Thus, any indirect action of the electrical stimulus on the nervous transmission was ruled out.

When nutrient Solutions free from Ca2+ were used, the contractility was only reduced in 19 ± 3 °/0 and did not change in the presence of verapamil 10-5M. By contrast, sodium dantrolene induced a 73 ± 3% reduction in TT.

The treatment with TE and CA induced significant TT increases of 65 ± 10% and 105 ± 13%, respectively. These increases also did not change in the presence of verapamil 10-5M or of Ca2+ free solution. Also, TE and CA not only did not reverse the inhibitory effects of dantrolene, but they potentiated TT by 50% and 72%, respectively.

The results of our in vitro experimental model suggest that: a) Diaphragmatic contractility, as in the other skeletal muscles, only partially depends from extracellular Ca2+, and b) Methyxanthines have a potentiating effect on diaphragmatic contractile force, independent from extracellular Ca2+ and probably related to the intracellular release of Ca2+.

Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
C. Roussos, P.T. Macklem.
The respiratory muscles.
N Engl J Med, 307 (1982), pp. 786-797
[2.]
C. Roussos.
Respiratory muscle fatigue in hypercapnic patient.
Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir, S15 (1979), pp. 117-123
[3.]
A. Dimarco, M. Nochomovitz, M. Dimarco, M. Altose, S. Kelsen.
Comparative effects of aminophylline on diaphragm and cardiac contractility.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 132 (1985), pp. 800-805
[4.]
M. Aubier, D. Murciano, N. Viires, Y. Lecocguic, S. Palacios, R. Pariente.
Increased ventilation caused by improved diaphragmatic effciency during aminophylline infusion.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 127 (1983), pp. 148-154
[5.]
S. Sigrist, T. Howell, C. Roussos.
The effect of aminophylline on inspiratory muscle contractility.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 126 (1982), pp. 46-50
[6.]
M. Aubier, A. De Troyer, M. Sampson, P. Macklem, C. Roussos.
Amynophylline improves diaphragmatic contractility.
N Engl J Med, 305 (1981), pp. 249-252
[7.]
G. Supinsky, C.H. Deal, S. Kelsen.
The effects of caffeine and theophylline on diaphragm contractility.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 130 (1984), pp. 429-433
[8.]
D. Murciano, M. Aubier, N. Viires, H. Mal, R. Pariente.
Effects of theophylline and emprofylline on diaphragmatic contractility.
J Appl Physiol, 63 (1987), pp. 51-57
[9.]
D. Murciano, M. Aubier, Y. Lecocguic, R. Pariente.
Effects of theophylline on diaphragmatic strength and fatigue in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
N Engl J Med, 311 (1984), pp. 349-353
[10.]
D. Murciano, M. Aubier, M.H. Auclair, et al.
Effects of long-term theophylline administration on dyspnea, arterial blood gases and respiratory muscle perfomance in COPD patients.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 135 (1987), pp. A150
[11.]
J. Moxham, J. Miller, C.M. Wiles, A. Morris, M. Green.
Effect of aminophylline on the human diaphragm.
Thorax, 40 (1985), pp. 288-292
[12.]
C. Cooper, A.C. Davidson, I.R. Cameron.
Aminophylline, respiratory muscle strength and exercise tolerance in chronic obstructive airway disease.
Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir, 23 (1987), pp. 15-22
[13.]
N. Viires, M. Aubier, D. Murciano, C.H. Marty, R. Pariente.
Effects of theophylline on isolated diaphragmatic fibers. A model for pharmacologic studies on diaphragmatic contractility.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 133 (1986), pp. 1060-1064
[14.]
T. Wittmann, S. Kelsen.
The effect of caffeine on diaphragmatic muscle force in normal hamsters.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 126 (1982), pp. 499-504
[15.]
G. Supinski, C.H. Deal, S. Kelsen.
Comparative effects of theophylline and adenosine on respiratory skeletal and smooth muscle.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 133 (1986), pp. 809-813
[16.]
F.G. Standaert, K. Dretchen, L.R. Skuhall, et al.
Role of cyclic nucleotides in neuromuscular transmision.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 199 (1976), pp. 553-564
[17.]
R. Kolbeck, W. Speir.
Diltiazem, verapamil and nifedipine inhibit theophylline-enhanced diaphragmatic contractility.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 139 (1989), pp. 139-145
[18.]
M. Aubier, D. Murciano, N. Viires, Y. Lecocguic, R. Pariente.
Diaphragmatic contractility enhanced by aminophylline: role of extracelular calcium.
J Appl Physion., 54 (1983), pp. 460-464
[19.]
S. Esau.
Interaction of theophylline, verapamil, and diltiazem on hamnster diaphragm muscle force in vitro.
Am J physiol, 254 (1988), pp. C365-C371
[20.]
J. Ridings, S. Barry, J. Faulkner.
Aminophylline enhances contractility of frog skeletal muscle: an effect dependent on extracellular calcium.
J Appl Physiol, 67 (1989), pp. 671-676
[21.]
Y. Nakajima, M. Endo.
Release of calcium induced by depolarization of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane.
Nature, 246 (1973), pp. 216-218
[22.]
M. Endo, M. Tanaka, Y. Ogawa.
Calcium induced release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skinned skeletal muscle fibers.
Nature, 228 (1970), pp. 34-36
[23.]
N. Viires, D. Murciano, J.P. Seta, B. Dureuil, R. Pariente, M. Aubier.
Effects of calcium withdrawal on diaphragmatic fiber tension generation.
J Appl Physiol, 64 (1988), pp. 26-30
[24.]
M. Aubier, N. Viires, J. Piquet, et al.
Effects of hypocalcemia on diaphragmatic strength generation.
J Appl Physiol, 58 (1985), pp. 2054-2061
[25.]
G. Frank.
The current view of the source of trigger calcium in excitation-contraction coupling in vertebrate skeletal muscle.
Biochem Pharmacol, (1980), pp. 2399-2406
[26.]
D. Lieberman, J. Faulkner, A. Craig, L. Maxwell.
Perfomance and histochemical composition of guinea pig and human diaphragm.
J Appl Physiol, 34 (1973), pp. 233-237
[27.]
J. Bravo, N. Rogers, J.C. Grafford, et al.
Effects of xanthine derivatives on lipolysis and on adenosine 3’-5’-monophosphate phosphodiesterase activity.
Mol Pharmacol, 6 (1970), pp. 597-603
Copyright © 1990. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?