Article information
Full text is only aviable in PDF
REFERENCES
[1]
M Bartal.
Health effects of tobacco use and exposure.
Monaldi Arch Chest Dis, 56 (2001), pp. 545-554
[2]
US Department of Health Education and Welfare.
The health consequences of smoking. A report of the Surgeon General (DHEW Publication No. HSM 73-8704), US Government Printing Office, (1971),
[3]
Subdirección General de Epidemiología, Promoción y Educación para la Salud.
Instituto de Información SNS. Dirección General de Salud Pública. Encuesta Nacional de Salud de España 2001, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, (2003),
[4]
PJ Romero Palacios, JD Luna del Castillo, A Mora de Sambricio, V Alché Ramírez, MJ León Guerrero.
Perfil tabáquico de los adolescentes en enseñanza secundaria. Estudio comparativo entre el medio rural y urbano.
Prev Tab, 2 (2000), pp. 5-16
[5]
R Forero, A Bauman, L Young, M Booth, D Nuthbeam.
Asthma, health behaviours, social adjustment, and psychosomatic symptoms in adolescents.
J Asthma, 33 (1996), pp. 157-164
[6]
US Environmental Protection Agency.
Respiratory health effects of passive smoking: lung cancer and other disorders. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 4. NIH publication No. 93-3605. US Department of Health, Public Health Service, National Institute of Health, (1993),
[7]
California Environmental Protection Agency.
Health effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, (1997),
[8]
Scientific Committee on Tobacco and Health, HMSO.
Report of the Scientific Committee on Tobacco and Health, pp. 011322124X
[9]
World Health Organization Division of Noncommunicable Disease Tobacco Free Initiative.
International consultation on environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and child health consultation report, WHO, (1999),
[10]
F Merletti, L Richiardi, P Boffetta.
Health effects of passive smoking.
Med Lav, 89 (1998), pp. 149-163
[11]
V Plaza Moral, FJ Álvarez Gutiérrez, P Casán Clará, N Cobos Barroso, A López Viña, MA Llauger Roselló, et al.
Guía española para el manejo del asma.
Arch Bronconeumol, 39 (2003), pp. 3-42
[12]
DL Duffy, NG Martin, D Battistutta, JL Hopper, JD Mathews.
Genetics of asthma and hay fever in Australian twins.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 142 (1990), pp. 1351-1358
[13]
AA Floreani, SI Rennard.
The role of cigarette smoke in the pathogenesis of asthma and as a trigger for acute symptoms.
Curr Opin Pulm Med, 5 (1999), pp. 38-46
[14]
HR Anderson, BK Butland, DP Strachan.
Trends in the prevalence and severity of childhood asthma.
BMJ, 308 (1994), pp. 1600-1604
[15]
ML Burr, BK Butland, S King, E Vaughan Williams.
Changes in asthma prevalence: two surveys 15 years apart.
Arch Dis Child, 64 (1989), pp. 1452-1456
[16]
JL Pirkle, KM Flegal, JT Bernert, DJ Brody, RA Etzel, KR Maurer.
Exposure of the US population to environmental tobacco smoke: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-91.
JAMA, 275 (1996), pp. 1322-1340
[17]
G Yang, L Fant, J Tan, et al.
Smoking in China. Findings of the 1996 National Prevalence Survey.
JAMA, 2892 (1999), pp. 1247-1253
[18]
JM Samet, G Yang.
Passive smoking women and children.
Women and the tobacco epidemic. Challenges for the 21st century. The World Health Organization in collaboration with the Institute for Global Tobacco Control and the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health,
[19]
J Fuertes Fernández-Espinar, J Meriz Rubio, C Pardos Martínez, V López Cortés, JI Ricarte Díez, E González Pérez-Yarza.
Prevalencia actual del asma, alergia e hiperrespuesta bronquial en niños de 6-8 años.
An Esp Pediatr, 54 (2001), pp. 18-26
[20]
C Muñoz, D Jurado, JD Luna.
Exposición al humo de tabaco ambiental en niños en el medio familiar: creencias, actitudes y prácticas de los padres.
Prev Tab, 5 (2003), pp. 11-18
[21]
MD Eisner.
Environmental tobacco smoke and adult asthma.
Clin Chest Med, 23 (2002), pp. 749-761
[22]
MC Heraud, ML Herbelin-Wagner.
Risk factors: environment, tobacco smoke.
Arch Pediatr, 9 (2002), pp. 377-383
[23]
K Radon, K Busching, J Heinrich, HE Wichmann, RA Jorres, H Magnussen, et al.
Passive smoking exposure: a risk factor for chronic bronchitis and asthma in adults?.
Chest, 122 (2002), pp. 1086-1090
[24]
MD Eisner, PD Blanc.
Environmental tobacco smoke exposure during travel among adults with asthma.
Chest, 122 (2002), pp. 826-829
[25]
FD Gilliland, YF Li, L Dubeau, K Berhane, E Avol, R McConnell, et al.
Effects of glutation S-transferase M1, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and environmental tobacco smoke on asthma and wheezing in children.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 166 (2002), pp. 457-463
[26]
EA Mitchell, AW Stewart, ISAAC Phase One Study Group.
International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood (ISAAC).
Eur J Epidemiol, 17 (2001), pp. 667-673
[27]
L Larsson.
Incidence of asthma in Swedish teenagers: relation to sex and smoking habits.
Thorax, 50 (1995), pp. 260-264
[28]
DP Strachan, BK Butland, HR Anderson.
Incidence and prognosis of asthma and wheezing illness from early childhood to age 33 in a national British cohort.
BMJ, 312 (1996), pp. 1195-1199
[29]
RR Dodge, B Burrows.
The prevalence and incidence of asthma and asthma-like symptoms in a general population sample.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 122 (1980), pp. 567-575
[30]
MH Collins, AC Moessinger, J Kleinerman, J Bassi, P Rosso, AM Collins, et al.
Fetal lung hypoplasia associated with maternal smoking: a morphometric analysis.
Pediatr Res, 19 (1985), pp. 408-412
[31]
PP Plaschke, C Janson, E Norrman, E Bjornsson, S Ellbjar, B Jarvholm.
Onset and remission of allergic rhinitis and asthma and the relationship with atopic sensitization and smoking.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 162 (2000), pp. 920-924
[32]
V Siroux, I Pin, MP Oryszczyn, N Le Moual, F Kauffmann.
Relationships of active smoking and asthma severity in the EGEA study. Epidemiological study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma.
Eur Respir J, 15 (2000), pp. 470-477
[33]
C Galván Fernández, RG Suárez López de Vergara, C Oliva Fernández, E Domenech Martínez.
Patología respiratoria en los jóvenes y hábito tabáquico.
Arch Bronconeumol, 36 (2000), pp. 186-190
[34]
AL Ponsonby, D Couper, T Dwyer, A Carmichael, A Kemp, J Cochrane.
The relation between infant indoor environment and subsequent asthma.
Epidemiology, 11 (2000), pp. 128-135
[35]
JJ Jaakkola, P Nafstad, P Magnus.
Environmental tobacco smoke, parental atopy, and childhood asthma.
Environ Health Perspect, 109 (2001), pp. 579-582
[36]
J Fuertes, J Meriz, C Pardos, V López, JI Ricarte, E González.
Prevalencia actual de asma, alergia e hiperrespuesta bronquial en niños de 6-8 años.
An Esp Pediatr, 54 (2001), pp. 18-26
[37]
J Fuertes, J Meriz, C Isanta, C Pardos, V López, E González.
Factores de riesgo de asma, alergia e hiperreactividad bronquial en niños de 6 a 8 años.
An Esp Pediatr, 55 (2001), pp. 205-212
[38]
DG Cook, DP Strachan.
Health effects of passive smoking: 3. Parental smoking and prevalence of respiratory symptoms and asthma in school age children.
Thorax, 52 (1997), pp. 1081-1094
[39]
DP Strachan, DG Cook.
Health effects of passive smoking: 6. Parental smoking and childhood asthma: longitudinal and case-control studies.
Thorax, 53 (1998), pp. 204-212
[40]
DP Strachan, DG Cook.
Health effects of passive smoking: 5. Parental smoking and allergic sensitization in children.
Thorax, 53 (1998), pp. 117-123
[41]
IB Tager, ST Weiss, B Rosner, FE Speizer.
Effect of parental cigarette smoking on the pulmonary function of children.
Am J Epidemiol, 110 (1979), pp. 821-828
[42]
JH Ware, DW Dockery, Spiro A III, FE Speizer, BG Ferris Jr.
Passive smoking, gas cooking and respiratory health of children living in six cities.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 129 (1984), pp. 366-374
[43]
X Wang, D Wypij, DR Gold, et al.
A longitudinal study of the effects of parental smoking on pulmonary function in children 6-8 years.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 149 (1994), pp. 1420-1425
[44]
IB Tager, A Muñoz, B Rosner, ST Weiss, V Carey, FE Speizer.
Effect of cigarette smoking on the pulmonary function of children and adolescents.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 131 (1985), pp. 752-759
[45]
J Cunningham, DW Dockery, FE Speizer.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy as a predictor of lung function in children.
Am J Epidemiol, 139 (1994), pp. 1139-1152
[46]
S Dold, P Reitmeir, M Wjst, E Mutius.
Effects of passive smoking on the pediatric respiratory tract.
Monatsschr Kinderheilkd, 140 (1992), pp. 763-768
[47]
KC Lodrup Carlsen, KH Carlsen.
Effects of maternal and early tobacco exposure on the development of asthma and airway hyperreactivity.
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Inmunol, 1 (2001), pp. 139-143
[48]
KH Svendsen, LH Kuller, MJ Martin, JK Ockene.
Effects of passive smoking in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial.
Am J Epidemiol, 126 (1987), pp. 783-795
[49]
SK Jindal, D Gupta, A Singh.
Indices of morbidity and control of asthma in adult patients exposed to environmental tobacco smoke.
Chest, 159 (1994), pp. 746-749
[50]
JM Sippel, KI Pedula, WM Vollmer, AS Buist, ML Osborne.
Associations of smoking with hospital-based care and quality of life in patients with obstructive airway disease.
Chest, 115 (1999), pp. 691-696
[51]
FB Hu, V Persky, BR Flay, J Richardson.
An epidemiological study of asthma prevalence and related factors among young adults.
J Asthma, 34 (1997), pp. 67-76
[52]
P Leuenberger, J Schwartz, U Ackermann-Liebrich, et al.
Passive smoking exposure in adults and chronic respiratory symptoms (SPALDIA Study). Swiss Study on Air Pollution and Lung Diseases in Adults. SPALDIA Team.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 150 (1999), pp. 1222-1228
[53]
JR Greer, DE Abbey, RJ Burchette.
Asthma related to occupational and ambient air pollutants in nonsmokers.
J Occup Med, 35 (1993), pp. 909-915
[54]
WF McDonnell, DE Abbey, N Nishio, MD Lebowitz.
Long term ambient ozone concentration and the incidence of asthma in nonsmoking adults. The AHSMOG Study.
Environ Res, 80 (1999), pp. 110-121
Copyright © 2004. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)
