Anormalidades de la inmunorregulación en el pulmón de fumadores

Bellmunt, J.; Morales, S.; Solé, L.A.

doi:10.1016/S0300-2896(15)31571-4

Archivos de Bronconeumología

ISSN: 0300-2896

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Vol. 26. Issue 7.

Pages 288-291 (October 1990)

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Pages 288-291 (October 1990)

DOI: 10.1016/S0300-2896(15)31571-4

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Anormalidades de la inmunorregulación en el pulmón de fumadores

Immunoregulation abnormalities in smokers lungs

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J. Bellmunt, S. Morales, L.A. Solé

Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Vall d’Hebrón. Barcelona

R. Orriols*, J. de Gracia*, N. Tallada**, J.J. Otal***

* Sección de Neumología, Hospital Vall d’Hebrón. Barcelona

** Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Vall d’Hebrón. Barcelona

*** Servicio de Medicina Preventiva. Hospital Vall d’Hebrón. Barcelona

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Abstract

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Los efectos del tabaquismo en la inmunidad celular local a nivel pulmonar a través del análisis del lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) no es bien conocido. Hemos investigado si los cambios celulares en el LBA producidos en fumadores puede relacionarse con el desarrollo de enfermedad neoplásica. Comparamos algunos parámetros celulares del LBA, incluyendo las subpoblaciones linfocitarias CD4 y CD8 por inmunofluorescencia indirecta con anticuerpos monoclonales, en un grupo de 13 fumadores y 7 no fumadores.

El grupo de fumadores tiene una disminución significativa (p < 0,001) del número de linfocitos CD4 en comparación con el grupo de no fumadores y una tendencia estadísticamente no significativa a un mayor número de linfocitos CD8. Estos resultados conllevan a una inversión significativa (p=0,001) del índice CD4/CD8 en el grupo de fumadores.

Nuestros resultados indican la presencia de una inmunodepresión local secundaria. Esta situación puede predisponer a un mayor riesgo de desarrollo de neoplasias y de infecciones respiratorias en fumadores.

The effects of smoking upon BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage) cellular profiles are not well known. We investigated the cellular changes in BAL, that could be secondary to tobacao smoking and their relationship to the development of cancer. To that end, we compared several cellular parameters of BAL, including the analysis of T-lymphocytic subpopulation CD4 and CD8 by indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies, in a group of 13 smokers and 7 nonsmokers.

The group of smokers had a significantly decreased (p<0,001) number of CD4 lymphocytes in comparison with the nonsmoker group, and a non statistically significant tendency to higher numbers of CD8 lymphocytes. These results led to a significant inversion (p = 0,001) of the CD4/CD8 ratio in the group of smokers.

Our findings indicate the presence of a secondary local immunosuppression. This situation could predispone to the subsequent development of tumor and to a higher risk of respiratory infections in smokers.

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